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PubMed1978

School counseling and positive mental health: when does 1 + 1 = 3?

School counseling and guidance services are specifically intended to develop and maintain positive mental health among students. Although some school counselors have been highly effective, the majority have been only moderately effective because of the difficulties they have encountered in this mission. Personal, academic, and vocational counseling and information processing from either remedial or preventative perspectives are currently the most common functions within school counseling services. The factors limiting the effectiveness of these and other school counseling functions include discrepancies between school counseling training and practice, school counselor professional isolationism, lack of understanding of school counseling roles and functions, and the poor professional attitudes of some school counselors. As the school counseling profession develops, these inhibiting factors should be overcome as a result of changes in school counselor roles and activities and associated changes in school counseling and guidance services.

Attitude↗
PubMed1982

The effects of Mount St. Helens volcanic ash on the pulmonary function of 120 elementary school children.

The 1977 Montana legislature funded an extensive Montana Air Pollution Study (MAPS). One hundred and twenty children in the fourth and fifth grades in Missoula, Montana had their pulmonary functions tested on 6 days during the 1979-80 school year. On May 18, 1980, Mount St. Helens erupted, resulting in very high total suspended particulates (TSP) levels due to ash (peak day = 11,054 micrograms/m3 24-hour average) through May 22. When these children returned to school on May 23, they had their pulmonary functions tested a seventh time. There was no substantial decrease in pulmonary function after the ash exposure. By comparison, the childrens' pulmonary tests did show a significant decrease after 3 days of high urban air pollution (440 micrograms/m3 3-day average). Businesses and schools were closed for 4 days after the eruption and people were advised to remain indoors; hence, lack of measured pulmonary function test effects from the ash may be due to the protective precautions taken by the children.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed1989

[Hygienic evaluation of artificial lighting in the classroom for studying information science and computer technics in secondary schools].

Body functioning state of schoolchildren was investigated under different lighting conditions of the computer keyboard and video display terminals (VDT). The findings of lighting engineering and physiologic studies showed that optimal conditions for the children working on computers should be ensured by two interdependent indicators, i. e., the level of lighting at the workplace and on VDT. The most favourable indicators of children's visual functions were established at the level of lighting of 400 lx at the workplace and 100 lx on VDT under general luminescent lighting.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

The relationship between static occlusion and functional occlusion in a dental school population.

The relationship between static occlusion and functional occlusion was evaluated in 101 dental and dental hygiene students. The sample was selected from a population of 467 students who were enrolled at one dental school during the 1987-1988 academic year based upon the following criteria: age range 18 to 32 years; caucasian race; no prior orthodontic treatment; at least 28 natural teeth present; no occlusal adjustments; and no large restorations, crowns or bridges. Fifty-two (52) of the subjects possessed "normal" static occlusion, 26 had a Class I malocclusion, 16 were found to have a Class II malocclusion, and 7 had a Class III malocclusion. The majority (i.e., 75%) of the 101 subjects possessed non-working (balancing) functional contacts. Seventy-five (75) of the subjects possessed balanced occlusion, nine had canine-protected occlusion, nine possessed group function occlusion, and eight had mixed canine-protected/group functional occlusion. This study found no statistically significant relationship between static occlusion and functional occlusion, however, there was a trend for balanced occlusion to be more often associated with "normal" (ideal) static occlusion.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

School phobia: patterns of family functioning.

Seventy-six families of children with school phobia were evaluated with the Family Assessment Measure. Mothers and fathers, as separate groups, rated clinically significant dysfunction in the parent-child relationship in the areas of role performance and values and norms. There were no significant differences between intact and single-parent families on ratings of family dysfunction. There was significantly less family dysfunction as rated by mothers and by children if the child had a diagnosis of pure anxiety disorder compared to families of school phobic children in other diagnostic categories.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1978

Prevalence of hyperactivity in elementary school children as a function of social system definers.

This study seeks to reconcile the widely varying estimates of prevalence of hyperactivity in children. Parents, teachers, and physicians were asked to identify hyperactive children in a sample of some 5000 elementary school children. Approximately five percent were considered hyperactive by at least one defining system; only one percent were considered hyperactive by all three definers. Prevalence rates were relatively constant from kindergarten through fifth grade.

Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity↗
PubMed1983

Frequency judgment accuracy as a function of age and school achievement (learning disabled versus non-learning-disabled) patterns.

The accuracy of children's judgments of relative situational frequency was examined in two experiments. In Experiment 1 children with normal achievement in Grades 2 and 3 were compared with such children in Grades K and 5, as well as with three groups of low-achieving children in Grades 2 and 3. These latter groups consisted of children low in reading achievement, those low in math achievement, and those identified as learning disabled. Frequency judgment accuracy increased from kindergarten to Grades 2 and 3. No other comparisons yielded significant differences. Experiment 2 confirmed both the above age difference and the absence of any frequency judgment deficiency on the part of the low-achieving groups.

Achievement↗
PubMed1983

Marginal malnutrition in school-aged Colombian boys: functional consequences in maximum exercise.

The maximum treadmill oxygen consumption was measured in 1013 boys, 6 to 16 yr of age classified as nutritionally normal, low weight for age and low weight for height in upper socioeconomic urban and lower socioeconomic urban and rural groups. The marginally malnourished children (low weight for age and height) in both lower socioeconomic urban and rural groups had significantly depressed maximum treadmill oxygen consumption (85%) compared to normal boys, associated with smaller body weights. It is suggested that the reduced body size and maximum treadmill oxygen consumption resulting from marginal malnutrition during growth will have a detrimental effect on work capacity and productivity of these children when they become engaged in heavy physical work as adults. There was no statistically significant correlation between blood Hb concentration (approximately 10 to 15 g x dl-1) and aerobic capacity.

Adolescent↗