PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Capacity Building”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1999

Has deinstitutionalization gone too far?

Modern social psychiatry is aiming at integration of the mentally disordered in the community instead of institutionalization--with or without institutions. No doubt, the majority of mentally disordered patients have benefitted greatly from deinstitutionalized psychiatry. Unfortunately, in the implementation of deinstitutionalized psychiatry, there has widely been a gap between the closure of the mental hospitals and the building up of the decentralized services. Instead of organizing decentralized services and then gradually reducing the capacity of hospital treatment, things happened in many places the other way around. With data from the nationwide Danish Psychiatric Case Register, the author documents a series of negative indicators that have appeared parallel with the deinstitutionalization process. * 100% increase in standard mortality rate of suicides for non-organic psychotic patients * an exponential increase of 6.7% annually in number of criminal mentally disordered * increase in coercive activities in the wards several hundred per cent for some of the measures * increase in bed occupancy rate from approximately 80% to 100% * Acute admission rates between 85% and 90% * No signs of reduction in 1 year readmission rate of first time diagnosed schizophrenics from the very stable 45%-50% which has been seen for almost 20 years. Beyond any doubt, social psychiatric rehabilitation is needed. An increase in the capacity in the psychiatric services and fitting of the treatment models to the patients' needs so that the negative aspects we have seen can be properly handled must be on top of the agenda in the next few years.

Acute Disease↗
PubMed2005

Stem cells for the treatment of liver disease.

Stem cells tantalise. They alone have the capacity to divide exponentially, recreate the stem cell compartment as well as create differentiated cells to build tissues. They should be the natural candidates to provide a renewable source of cells for transplantation. Does the reality support the promise of this exciting alternative to conventional therapies for metabolic and degenerative liver disease? Can techniques be developed to provide the large number of cells that could be required? Must there be "space" in the liver to accept the cells? To what extent is the liver immunoprivileged, and is immunosuppression necessary for stem cell therapy? Is it better to use haematopoietic stem cells, fetal stem cells, mesenchymal cells, embryonic stem cells, hepatocytes or all of the above, but for different disease indications? This paper discusses why the exploration of stem cells for the treatment of liver disease is of great potential, and delineates some of the hurdles that need to be overcome before patients see benefits from laboratory-based research into stem cell transplantation and function.

Animals↗
PubMed1998

Learning by imitation: a hierarchical approach.

To explain social learning without invoking the cognitively complex concept of imitation, many learning mechanisms have been proposed. Borrowing an idea used routinely in cognitive psychology, we argue that most of these alternatives can be subsumed under a single process, priming, in which input increases the activation of stored internal representations. Imitation itself has generally been seen as a "special faculty." This has diverted much research towards the all-or-none question of whether an animal can imitate, with disappointingly inconclusive results. In the great apes, however, voluntary, learned behaviour is organized hierarchically. This means that imitation can occur at various levels, of which we single out two clearly distinct ones: the "action level," a rather detailed and linear specification of sequential acts, and the "program level," a broader description of subroutine structure and the hierarchical layout of a behavioural "program." Program level imitation is a high-level, constructive mechanism, adapted for the efficient learning of complex skills and thus not evident in the simple manipulations used to test for imitation in the laboratory. As examples, we describe the food-preparation techniques of wild mountain gorillas and the imitative behaviour of orangutans undergoing "rehabilitation" to the wild. Representing and manipulating relations between objects seems to be one basic building block in their hierarchical programs. There is evidence that great apes suffer from a stricter capacity limit than humans in the hierarchical depth of planning. We re-interpret some chimpanzee behaviour previously described as "emulation" and suggest that all great apes may be able to imitate at the program level. Action level imitation is seldom observed in great ape skill learning, and may have a largely social role, even in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Laying the groundwork for family self-help: locating families, building trust, and building strength.

The practice stories of 30 expert home visiting public health nurses were recorded and interpreted qualitatively, using constant comparative analysis. Three family caregiving competencies, which provide the essential preliminary groundwork to enable family self-help, were identified: locating the family, which involves tracking down highly unstable families; building trust, which involves developing rapport with clients who have seldom experienced trust; and building strength, which occurs with those who have neither apparent strengths nor belief in their own capacity. These descriptions have major implications for investigation, teaching, and integration into policy.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Early input from all sources drives cost down for project.

Declining financial resources will force administrators of hospitals entering construction or other facility acquisition projects to think creatively in putting together such projects. In the following article, the authors show how "partnering," a concept that unites all parties involved in a hospital acquisition project early so that decisions can be made in the most cost-efficient way, worked in constructing a mid-Michigan physician office.

Architecture↗
PubMed1998

The Visible Human Project: a resource for anatomical visualization.

The National Library of Medicine (NLM) has long been a world leader in the archiving and distribution of the print-based images of biology and medicine. NLM has also been a pioneer in the use of computer systems to encode and distribute textual knowledge of the life sciences. NLM's Long Range Planning effort of 1985-86 foresaw a coming era where NLM's Bibliographic and factual database services would be complemented by libraries of digital images, distributed over high speed computer networks and by high capacity physical media. The NLM Planning Panel on Electronic Imaging recommended that NLM should undertake the building a digital image library consisting of computerized tomography (CT) and magnetic resonance (MR) images, and cryosection images of a representative, carefully selected and prepared male and female cadaver--the "Visible Human ProjectJ." The male and female Visible Human data sets are now being made available through a license agreement with the NLM. The data sets are supporting a wide range of educational, diagnostic, treatment planning, and commercial uses. The value of this international resource in the public domain increases through its application. Its utility will continue to grow as related databases are attached to it, and as more attributes are given to its image elements.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗
PubMed1993

[Clinical picture of slow-evolving insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus]("1 1/2")].

The authors investigated the difficulties of differential diagnosis in diabetes, beginning in young age. They analysed the case records of fifteen young diabetics. The authors pointed out, that clinical diagnosis, carried out early, has utmost importance both of theoretical and practical significance, for correct classification according to the type of diabetes determines the therapy. In building the diagnosis, the clinician needs correct anamnestical, clinical data, immunogenetic markers (ICA, HLA), and the capacity of endogenous insulin secretion as well. In three patients they have observed a long period without insulin treatment that could be classified as remission phase. In eleven cases the treatment has started with oral antidiabetic drugs, one patient has got at he very beginning insulin treatment. At present, there is only one patient, still taking oral drugs. This diabetics has an ICA positivity in high titer, but he is refusing the recommended exogenous insulin treatment. In all of their cases the amount of injected daily insulin is low (0.3-0.6 IU/body weight/24 hours). Authors state by their careful analysis, that in all of their 15 diabetics there is existing a slowly developing type I IDDM, I/b, or very recently 1 1/2 diabetes form. The so called autoimmune form--described originally by Bottazzo--could have been disclosed in all of their cases.

Adolescent↗