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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Osseointegrated dental implants.

Endosseous implants of commercially pure titanium have been demonstrated to give success rates of more than 90 per cent over 10 years of follow-up. This high level of clinical function depends on an implant direct anchorage in bone without any interposed soft tissue layers and on a reaction-free soft tissue surrounding the abutments. Provided a correct protocol is followed, such osseointegrated dental implants may be looked upon as a routine procedure in the treatment of edentulousness.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cross-sectional imaging of the jaws for dental implant treatment: accuracy of linear tomography using a panoramic machine in comparison with reformatted computed tomography.

PURPOSE: Although various panoramic X-ray machines with linear tomographic functions are now frequently applied to diagnosis related to dental implant treatment, the angles of the tomographic objective planes are automatically determined and cannot be adjusted for individual patients. To resolve this problem, a direct laser positioning (DLP) system was developed. In this investigation, the measurement accuracy of images obtained by the DLP system in comparison with those from reformatted computed tomography (CT) was assessed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A rectangular parallel piped phantom was scanned with the system and the height and width were measured on linear tomograms. Ten sites in 3 dried mandibles and 21 mandibular molar sites in 15 patients were examined both with the DLP system and the reformatted CT to compare the measured values on both images. RESULTS: The phantom experiment showed that the difference between the actual and measured heights and widths of the phantom were within 1 mm. DISCUSSION: The difference between the values obtained by the DLP system and CT was slightly larger in the patients than those in the dried mandibles. CONCLUSION: The DLP measurement accuracy was deemed sufficient for clinical use.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗
PubMed2004

[Immediate loading of dental implants in partialful edentulous and edentulous jaws].

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical feasibility and technical characteristics of immediate loading and to access the short-term clinical results of treatment. METHODS: This study included 3 completely edentulous patients and 24 patients who were partially edentulous from March 1999 to December 2003. 21 implants were immediately loaded and provided support for mandibular overdenture for 3 fully edentulous patients. 30 implants were placed in 21 partially edentulous patients and implants were immediate loaded in edentulous mandibular providing support for fixed provisional prosthesis within 6 months. Then, metal-ceramic crowns were completed. All patients were followed up by 1, 3, 6, 12 months and the patients were checked every 12 months. RESULTS: A total of 42 implants were loaded immediately. From March 1999 to December 2003, no implants were lost during follow-up (range 3 to 49 months, mean of 28 months). No infections, nerve or sinus damage or other sequelae occurred. No implants exhibited peri-implant radiolucencies. Moreover, immediate loading seems to increase the ossification of the alveolar bone around endosseous implants. Patients were satisfied with the treatment. CONCLUSIONS: The data and the experience described in this study indicate that immediate loading with restorations using appropriate surgical and restorative techniques can predicate the completely edentulous and partially edentulous mandible in some cases. Further study is needed to determine the long-term result of immediately loaded implants.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Dental implant survival in the irradiated jaw: a preliminary report.

Seventeen oral cancer patients (47 to 78 years, mean 67) were treated with external radiation in areas that included future implant sites. Implants were placed in the irradiated jaws after a period of 18 to 228 months (mean 88 months). The patients received 103 implants and were followed for 1 to 62 months (mean 21 months) after implant loading. The cumulative survival rate of the implants after 1 year was 97% in the mandible and 92% in the maxilla. While the irradiation dose used did not affect implant survival, this result may possible be influenced by the addition of hyperbaric oxygen treatment for patients receiving more than 50 Gy. Irradiation for treatment of oral cancer does not seem to reduce the survival rate of implants as compared to those placed in the nonirradiated jaw.

Aged↗
PubMed2002

Maxillary sinus augmentation with deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss) and Impladent dental implant system. Part II. Evaluation of deprotienized bovine bone (Bio-Oss) and implant surface.

The objective of this clinical study was to determine the predictability of endosseous implant placed in a maxillary sinus augmented with deproteinized bovine bone (Bio-Oss). A total of 185 implants (109 titanium and 76 hydroxyapatite-coated) were placed in 77 patients representing 92 sinuses either a one- or two-stage surgical technique. A mixture of venous patient's blood and Bio-Oss was used alone within 20 sinuses (Group 1), or in combination with autogenous bone within 72 sinuses (Group 2). Thirty-nine implants were placed in Group 1 and 147 implants were inserted in Group 2. The grafted sinuses were evaluated clinically and radiographically at second stage surgery. According to certain criteria, of the implants placed, only two titanium implants (1.08%) failed with 98.91% implant survival. There was no statistically variable difference for the use of hydroxyapatite-coated or titanium implants. The two failed implants were from Group 2. No clinical benefit has been achieved from the combination with autogenous bone (P<0.05). All the grafted sinuses were sufficient to place dental implants of at least 12 mm length (100% graft success). The results of this short-term study support the hypothesis that Bio-Oss can be a suitable material for sinus augmentation.

Alveolar Ridge Augmentation↗
PubMed1999

Comparison of the late results of mandibular reconstruction using nonvascularized or vascularized grafts and dental implants.

PURPOSE: This study evaluates contour restoration in segmental defects of the mandible and the survival rate of endosseous implants placed into these reconstructions. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Forty-four patients with 23 nonvascularized grafts and 21 patients with vascularized bone flaps were included in the study. The lateral and the sagittal extension of the contour of both the mandibular bone and the overlying soft tissues was determined from serial computed tomography (CT) scans in defined planes through the reconstructed mandible. The success rate of dental implants was determined by a life-table analysis. RESULTS: Average lateral deviation of the reconstructed side from the nonreconstructed side was 4.3 mm (nonvascularized grafts) and 5.6 mm (vascularized grafts). The soft tissue contour followed the skeletal contour quite closely, with slightly smaller degrees of deviation. Asymmetry was greatest in the area of the horizontal ramus. In some cases, skeletal deviation was intentionally produced to compensate for a soft tissue deficit on the reconstructed side. However, in some cases, a major deviation of bone contour was associated with considerable deviation of the soft tissue contour (maximum, 10.5 mm). The cumulative implant success rate was 100% after 5 years and 60.3% after 10 years. None of the seven implant failures accounted for prosthetic failure. CONCLUSIONS: Although there are minor differences, both nonvascularized and revascularized grafts allow for satisfactory contour restoration in segmental reconstructions of the mandible. Implants placed into these grafts provide a reliable basis for dental rehabilitation.

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed2003

Immediate functional and non-functional loading of dental implants: a 2- to 60-month follow-up study of 646 titanium implants.

BACKGROUND: The aim of this study was the evaluation, from a clinical point of view, of implants subjected to immediate functional loading (IFL) and to immediate non-functional loading (INFL) in various anatomical configurations. METHODS: The study included 152 patients who had given their informed consent. A total of 646 implants were inserted. The implants were placed in 39 totally edentulous mandibles, 14 edentulous maxillae, 23 edentulous posterior mandibles, 16 edentulous anterior mandibles, 16 edentulous anterior maxillae, and 15 edentulous posterior maxillae. Fifty-eight implants were used to replace single missing teeth. In 65 cases, IFL was carried out for 422 implants. INFL was carried out in 116 cases, (224 implants). RESULTS: In the IFL group 6 of 422 implants failed (1.4%); in the INFL group 2 of 224 implants failed (0.9%). All the other implants appeared, from clinical and radiographic observations, to have successfully osseointegrated and have been functioning satisfactorily since insertion. All failures were observed in the first few months after implant loading. CONCLUSION: Immediate functional and non-functional loading seems to be a technique that gives satisfactory results in selected cases.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Two-stage cylindrical osseointegrated dental implants.

This paper presents an analysis of a 5-year clinical experience with two-stage cylindrical endosseous implants (CEI). A total of 157 implants placed in 93 patients was assessed. Clinical success was analyzed in regard to the following: sex and age distribution of patients, lower or upper jaw into which the implants were placed, prosthetic restorations with CEI or combined with implants of other types or with natural teeth. Certain groups showed a success rate from 88.9% to 100%. CEI proved to be equally good as other domestic and foreign renowned dental implants. This study is a result of a final grant-project IGA MZ CR no. 3014-3.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

A comparison of the clinical and histologic crestal bone level measurements adjacent to dental implants in the baboon.

The purpose of this study was to compare clinical probing measurements with the histologic alveolar bone level in an established baboon model. Implant sites were prepared by removal of all premolars and first molars in 10 adult female baboons (Papio anubis), a total of 120 sites. The resulting edentulous ridges were allowed to heal for 6 weeks. One implant was placed in each site and allowed to heal, after which the implants were removed en bloc. The animals were not sacrificed. Clinical probing from the implant platform to the crest of the bone was performed at the buccal and lingual aspects of each implant at the time of placement and prior to section removal. All measurements were taken with a calibrated probe by a single examiner (ARV). Sections were cut in a buccolingual plane through the long axis of each implant. Histologic slides were digitized for data collection, and histologic measurements were taken at the buccal and lingual aspects from the implant platform to the crest of the bone. The results of the study showed that there were no significant differences between the clinical and histologic measurements. The authors concluded that clinical measurements around dental implants are as reliable as histologic measurements and that the tip of the probe extended to the alveolar bone every time the implant was probed in this model.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed2006

Short dental implants in posterior partial edentulism: a multicenter retrospective 6-year case series study.

BACKGROUND: Implants <10 mm long in the posterior regions of partial edentulous patients have a higher failure rate in many clinical reports. The purpose of this case series study was to evaluate implant survival when a biomechanical approach was used to decrease stress to the bone-implant interface. METHODS: A retrospective evaluation of 273 consecutive posterior partially edentulous patients treated with 745 implants. 7 or 9 mm long, supporting 338 restorations over a 1- to 5-year period was reviewed from four private offices. Implant survival data were collected relative to stage I to stage II healing, stage II to prosthesis delivery, and prosthesis delivery to as long as 6 years follow-up. A biomechanical approach to decrease stress to the posterior implants included splinting implants together with no cantilever load, restoring the patient with a mutually protected or canine guidance occlusion, and selecting an implant designed to increase bone-implant contact surface area. RESULTS: Of the 745 implants inserted, there were six surgical failures from stage I to stage II healing to prosthesis delivery. No implants failed after the 338 final implant prostheses were delivered. A 98.9% survival rate was obtained from stage I surgery to prosthetic follow-up. CONCLUSIONS: Short-length implants may predictably be used to support fixed restorations in posterior partial edentulism. Methods to decrease biomechanical stress to the bone-implant interface appear appropriate for this treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed2002

Interventions for replacing missing teeth: preprosthetic surgery versus dental implants.

BACKGROUND: Preprosthetic surgery refers to the surgical procedures that can modify the oral anatomy to facilitate the retention of conventional dentures. Osseointegrated implants offer an alternative treatment to improve denture retention. A denture may be connected by special attachments to implants placed into the jaw. OBJECTIVES: To test the null hypothesis of no difference in the success (patient satisfaction and morbidity) and cost effectiveness between conventional prostheses that require preprosthetic surgery (PPS) and implant retained prostheses (IRO) that do not require preprosthetic surgery, against the alternative hypothesis of a difference. SEARCH STRATEGY: The Cochrane Oral Health Group (OHG) Specialised Register (May 2002), the Cochrane Controlled Trials Register (Issue 2, 2002), MEDLINE and EMBASE (May 2002) were searched. In addition, 55 implant companies were contacted and the bibliographies of review articles were checked for studies outside the hand searched journals and personal references were searched. SELECTION CRITERIA: Randomised controlled trials comparing preprosthetic surgery and implant retained dentures for improving denture retention. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS: Data were independently extracted, in duplicate, by two reviewers (HW, PC). Authors were contacted for details of randomisation and withdrawals and a quality assessment was carried out (ME, PC). The Cochrane OHG's statistical guidelines were followed. MAIN RESULTS: One study, containing 60 participants, reported in four articles was identified for inclusion in this review. No studies were excluded. There was a statistically significant difference between mean patient satisfaction scores with patients in the IRO group being more satisfied in general at both year one (WMD = -0.66(95% CI; -1.28 to -0.04)) and five years (WMD = -0.90(95%CI; -1.74 to -0.06). Altered sensation of the lower lip and chin was measured at one year and five years. There was no statistically significant difference at either time point and no patients had altered sensation at five years. REVIEWER'S CONCLUSIONS: There is weak evidence from the results of one randomised controlled trial including 60 subjects that patients are generally less satisfied with preprosthetic surgery and a conventional denture than with an implant retained denture. There is a need for more well designed trials comparing the success and cost-effectiveness of preprosthetic surgery and implant supported dentures. Such trials should be reported according to the CONSORT guidelines (http://www.consort-statement.org/). However, since preprosthetic surgery is considered to be an obsolete treatment nowadays, almost completely replaced by dental implants, it may be that new RCTs on this topic will not be designed.

Dental Implantation↗
PubMed1992

Reduced corrosion of CP Ti and Ti-6A1-4V alloy endosseous dental implants after glow-discharge treatment: a preliminary report.

Inductively coupled argon plasma spectroscopic analysis was used to quantify titanium, aluminum, and vanadium corrosion products released by superficial layers of identically shaped commercially pure titanium and Ti-6A1-4V alloy dental implants. Halves of each of two originally sterile groups were analyzed directly from the manufacturer's packaging and the other halves received glow-discharge treatment prior to their corrosion assay. The implants were incubated in pH 3 modified saline solution and were analyzed after 2- and 12-week corrosion periods. Implants treated with glow discharge showed statistically significant reduction in the amounts of corrosion products released, apparently as a result of glow-discharge-produced surface oxides of greater passivity than originally present.

Aluminum↗