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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources

PubMed1990

The iris in Williams syndrome.

Forty three children with Williams syndrome and 124 control subjects had their eyes photographed. The photographs were examined by three ophthalmologists and four geneticists of varying experience. A stellate pattern was noted more often in the irides of patients with Williams syndrome (51%) than in those of the control subjects (12%), and was more difficult to detect, or was absent, in heavily pigmented irides. We conclude that the stellate pattern is of diagnostic importance, particularly if the pattern is carefully defined and the clinician is experienced.

Aortic Valve Stenosis↗

PubMed2005

Distribution of intraocular pressure in healthy Iranian individuals: the Tehran Eye Study.

AIM: To provide data on the distribution of intraocular pressure (IOP) in an Iranian population. METHODS: Through a population based, cross sectional study, 4565 Tehran citizens were studied in the Tehran Eye Study. The findings from the participants (n = 3834) aged 10 years and older free of glaucoma diagnosis or suspicion who had undergone applanation tonometry examination are presented. All participants received a standardised protocol including applanation tonometry, fundus examination, demographic data, and an interview. IOP measurement was used to evaluate its distribution by age, sex, and some eye parameters. RESULTS: Mean (SD) IOP was 14.5 (2.6) mm Hg in the total population, 14.4 (2.7) in men, and 14.5 (2.5) in women. Mean (SD) IOP in people > or =40 years was 15.1 (2.9) mm Hg. IOP increased significantly with age and cup:disc ratio except for a fall in old age. This relation was also observed when individuals without diabetes or hypertension history were analysed. IOP increased with darker eye pigmentation except for blue/grey eyes. There was a non-linear increase in IOP from emmetropic to high myopic eyes. CONCLUSION: Age, iris colour, and cup:disc ratio were related to IOP but not to sex. The distribution of IOP in this study was different from various other studies in different geographical regions and it seems advisable to employ a geographical approach to normal IOP interpretation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Age related macular degeneration and sun exposure, iris colour, and skin sensitivity to sunlight.

BACKGROUND/AIM: It has been suggested that sun exposure may be a risk factor for age related macular degeneration (AMD) and that skin sensitivity to sunlight and iris colour could be confounding factors. The aim was to investigate this further in the white population. METHODS: 446 cases with end stage AMD were compared with 283 spouse controls. Data on sun exposure, places of residence, iris colour, subjective assessment of change in iris colour, hair colour at age 20, and skin sensitivity were obtained using a questionnaire. Iris colour was graded clinically by comparison with standard photographs. AMD was graded using stereoscopic colour fundus photographs as well as clinical examination and was defined as the presence of geographic atrophy or choroidal neovascularisation. All variables were included in a multiple logistic regression model including age, sex, and smoking. RESULTS: There was no association between AMD and sun exposure or related factors except for the suggestion of an association between sunburn prone skin type and geographic atrophy which reached borderline significance. CONCLUSIONS: No significant association between AMD and sun exposure, iris colour, change in iris colour, or hair colour was demonstrated.

Aged↗

PubMed1978

Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis: a simultaneous bilateral fluorescein angiographic study of the iris.

Twelve patients with Fuchs's heterochromic cyclitis (FHC) were studied with simultaneous bilateral flucrescein angiography of the iris. The flow began a little earlier in the contralateral iris in 4 cases, and simultaneously in both irides in 8 cases. The radial iris vessels were narrow in 7 eyes with FHC and in the contralateral eyes of 2 elderly patients and 1 patient with pigmentary retinal dystrophy and FHC. An ischaemic sector of the iris was seen in 6 eyes with FHC, neovascularisation of the iris in 8 eyes, and fluorescein leakage of the iris vessels was seen in all eyes with FHC. No neovascularisation of the iris occurred in the contralateral eyes, and only minimal fluorescein leakage was seen at the pupillary border of 5 contralateral eyes. The results support the hypothesis of vascular pathomechanism in FHC.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

Eye hue and the oculocardiac reflex.

During operations for squint nodal rhythm and other more serious arrhythmias such as heart block and multifocal ventricular extrasystoles, as well as the oculocardiac reflex, are shown to occur more frequently in patients with brown or hazel eyes than in patients with blue or grey eyes.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1978

An increased effect of pilocarpine on the pupil by application of the drug in oil.

In healthy volunteers pilocarpine in an oily solution had a greater degree and duration of effect on the pupil than the same amount of drug given in aqueous solution. Blue- and brown-eyed subjects had similar degrees of miosis, but the time taken to reach peak effects was longer with the latter. It can be concluded that eye drops made with an oily solvent may provide an improvement in the treatment of glaucoma with pilocarpine.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

Congenital nystagmus among the Red-skins of the Highlands of Papua New Guinea.

Sixty-four people with pigmentary anomalies of the skin were examined in the Eastern Highlands of New Guinea. Thirty-one had a bronze-red skin colour which appears to be unique to New Guinea. Eighteen of the Red-skins had congenital nystagmus which was not associated with impairment of visual acuity. The fundi were normal. The pigmentary anomaly is recessively inherited, and the gene responsible for the nystagmus appears to be associated with those controlling skin colour. The condition appears to be a unique form of albinism and confers no disadvantage on those who have it.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Evaluation of laser iridectomy in angle-closure glaucoma: provocative tests.

An argon laser iridectomy was performed on 18 eyes of 14 patients with closed-angle glaucoma. The intraocular pressure (IOP) was controlled in all but one eye within normal limits. Variable amounts of pigment were found on gonioscopy in all cases. The mydriasis test was positive in one eye (5.5%) after homatropine and in 5 eyes (28%) after tropicamide drops. 80% of the positive results occurred in lightly pigmented irides. The dark-prone position test was positive in 7 eyes (38%), 71% of the positive results occurring in heavily pigmented irides. Tomography was also performed; the possibility of trabecular damage is discussed.

Eye Color↗

PubMed1985

Corneal sensitivity in myasthenia gravis.

Corneal touch thresholds were measured in 11 people suffering from myasthenia gravis (MG) and in a control group of 20 subjects. The mean threshold in MG was 75.6 mg (SD 52) and in the control group 18.9 mg (SD 7.3); thresholds were thus significantly (p less than 0.01) raised in MG. Although it is not possible to say whether the sensory deficit is due to MG or to the treatment, the results implicate acetylcholine in sensory transduction in the cornea.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Fluorescein angiography of the iris in anterior segment pigment dispersal syndrome.

The results are presented of fluorescein angiography of the iris in 11 patients with anterior segment pigment dispersal syndrome. These show a general hypovascularity of the iris with fine neovascularisation at the pupil margin and the peripupillary area. Hypoplasia of the iris stroma was also present in many cases. When the condition was virtually unilateral, the vascular changes were present though less marked in the relatively unaffected eye. It is postulated that the anterior segment pigment dispersal syndrome is secondary to a congenital mesodermal deficiency of the iris stroma with hypovascularity of the iris, which forms a poor support tissue for the pigment epithelium of the iris, resulting in shedding of pigment granules particularly in the region of the attachment of the dilator muscle to the pigment epithelium. The condition may be hereditary. Because of the hypovascularity the mesodermal hypoplasia may be progressive, but pigment release may diminish in later life with treatment, with consequent diminution of pupil activity.

Cell Count↗

PubMed1987

Glaucoma in Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis associated with congenital Horner's syndrome.

We report a retrospective study of five patients with monocular Fuchs' heterochromic cyclitis associated with an ipsilateral Horner's syndrome. The minimum follow-up was 10 years. The presenting findings were cyclitis in three of the patients and heterochromia iridis associated with blepharoptosis in the other two. The major factors affecting all five patients were cataract and glaucoma. The intraocular pressure was uncontrolled even with maximal therapy, and antiglaucomatous surgery was performed in all cases. A short period of good postoperative control was followed by an intractable ocular hypertension, causing loss of useful vision in all patients. The remarkable combination of Horner's syndrome with glaucoma and their interaction is discussed.

Cataract↗

PubMed1987

Is there any difference in the photobiological properties of melanins isolated from human blue and brown eyes?

Investigations were carried out to determine whether the melanin present in the blue and brown eyes were eumelanin, the melanin present in black hair and dark skin, or pheomelanin, the melanin present in red hair and the skin of people with red hair. Our results showed that UV-visible irradiation of blue or brown eye melanin did not produce any superoxide. Irradiation of 51Cr-labelled Ehrlich ascites carcinoma cells in the presence of blue or brown eye melanin did not produce significant cell lysis. The electron spin resonance (ESR) signals of blue and brown eye melanins were very similar to those of eumelanin. Comparison of these findings with our previous results indicated that the blue and brown eye melanins are essentially eumelanin. The ESR signals further suggested that in the case of both blue and brown eye melanins the iris, ciliary body, choroid, and retinal pigment epithelium did not differ.

Aged↗

PubMed1992

Horner's syndrome: an electron microscopic study of a human iris.

Electron microscopy was performed on the irides of a man with a history of a long standing Horner's syndrome which resulted in iris heterochromia. Comparison of his normal brown iris with the depigmented blue iris showed depletion of anterior border cells and absence of sympathetic nerve fibres. Stromal melanocyte numbers were also diminished but melanosome numbers within the residual cells were not significantly different. Postnatal maintenance of stromal and anterior border zone pigmentation, derived from the neural crest, would appear to be dependent on an intact sympathetic nerve supply in contrast to the iris pigment epithelium which remains normally unaffected in Horner's syndrome.

Adrenergic Fibers↗

PubMed1992

Sequential argon-YAG laser iridotomies in dark irides.

Laser iridotomies in dark coloured irides are associated with higher complication and failure rates. A prospective clinical study to evaluate the use of the argon and Nd:YAG laser in sequential combination for iridotomy was carried out on 20 eyes of 13 patients with dark irides. Patent iridotomies were achieved in single treatment sessions for all the eyes. Iridotomy closure was observed in one eye during a mean follow-up period of 14 months (range 6-20 months). Complications from the treatment occurred in five eyes and were minor. Total mean energy used for the argon and Nd:YAG stages respectively were a third of most studies on pure argon and Nd:YAG iridotomies. Sequential argon-YAG laser iridotomy combines most of the advantages of both laser types while avoiding some of their disadvantages. We find it a safe and effective tool for iridotomy in otherwise difficult dark irides.

Aged↗

PubMed1993

Clinical features of affected males with X linked ocular albinism.

Seventy four males affected by X linked ocular albinism (XLOA) from 19 pedigrees were examined to assess phenotypic variation and visual prognosis. Nystagmus was present in all cases except one. Best visual acuity ranged from 6/9 to 6/60; 79.7% could see 6/36 or better; most could read N5. Marked iris translucency and foveal hypoplasia were present in all cases. Posterior embryotoxon was present in 30% and dysplastic optic discs were often seen. Pigmentation of the posterior pole was associated with better visual acuity. XLOA is under-diagnosed: almost 20% of cases had been previously diagnosed as having congenital nystagmus until reviewed in this study.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Investigation of limbal touch sensitivity using a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer.

Following the observation of complex sensory receptors concentrated within the palisade zone of the human conjunctiva, this study sought to measure limbal touch sensitivity using a Cochet-Bonnet aesthesiometer. Touch sensitivity was found to be significantly higher in the palisade zone compared with the adjacent conjunctiva. A comparison between temporal and inferior limbus showed a greater median sensitivity for the temporal zone. There was a significant reduction in touch sensitivity with age, but not with iris colour or contact lens wear. These data, showing a higher touch sensitivity for the palisade zone, provide indirect evidence for a role of complex nerve endings in mechanoreception.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

X linked ocular albinism in Japanese patients.

Thirteen affected Japanese male patients and 13 female carriers with X linked ocular albinism from seven families were examined to assess their clinical findings and to compare them with those of white and black patients. Affected Japanese patients had poor visual acuity, horizontal nystagmus, macular hypoplasia, and loss of stereopsis. Some affected patients had non-albinotic fundus with moderate pigmentation. The amount of pigment in the fundus varied among affected patients and appeared to be between that of the white and black patients. All affected patients had brown irides that show no translucency. Interestingly, two affected patients had megalocornea and a third affected patient had posterior embryotoxon. All female carriers exhibited good visual acuity, normal eye position, stereopsis, brown irides without translucency, and the typical mosaic pattern in the fundus. The pigmented iris and fundus made the correct diagnosis of these affected patients difficult. Nine affected patients (70%) had been diagnosed initially as having congenital nystagmus, with or without macular hypoplasia, until they were reviewed for this study.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Comparison of the effects on pupil size and accommodation of three regimens of topical dapiprazole.

BACKGROUND: Patients who have their pupils dilated for an eye examination traditionally have to wait several hours before their pupils return to normal size and their blurred vision (caused by paralysis of accommodation) resolves. Earlier studies with dapiprazole have demonstrated an accelerated reversal of dilatation. METHODS: Three regimens of dapiprazole were studied to determine the effects on pupil diameter and accommodation after mydriasis produced by 2.5% phenylephrine and 0.5% tropicamide. Test regimens included one drop and 1 + 1 drop regimens, compared with a 2 + 2 drop reference regimen. Dapiprazole was administered in one eye and placebo in the other. Mean change from baseline was analysed for pupil diameter and accommodation at various time points after drug administration. Also, for the same variables, 90% confidence intervals for the areas under the curve (AUC) were computed. RESULTS: Both test regimens were equivalent to the reference regimen on the basis of mean change from baseline for pupil diameter and accommodation at individual time points, and for the mean AUC. Most signs and symptoms (injection, stinging, burning, lid oedema, and ptosis) were less frequent in the test regimen treated eyes. There was no significant interaction between regimen and eye colour. CONCLUSION: This study indicates that a lower dosage (for example, one drop) is also efficacious and has the added benefit of fewer side effects.

Accommodation, Ocular↗