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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Visual significance of pupillary response to an auditory task.

Subjects simultaneously performed visual and auditory detection tasks. Pupillary dilation accompanies increased cognitive load such as that caused by the auditory tasks. Errors in the visual task increased when the auditory task became more difficult. The increase was greater when the effects of pupillary dilation were blocked by an artificial pupil.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

Intersubject variability in perceived oscillation as a function of threshold for binocular disparity.

Four groups of 15 female subjects each were classified along a quantitative dimension for proportion of perceived oscillation and threshold for binocular disparity. Analyses of variance showed that significant differences in proportion of perceived oscillation were accompanied by significant differences in threshold for binocular disparity for perceivers of "high" and "low" oscillation (p less than .05). For perceivers of "intermediate" oscillation significant differences in proportion of perceived oscillation but not threshold for binocular disparity were found. It was suggested that: (1) intersubject variability in perceived oscillation may be governed by the threshold for binocular disparity, (2) "low" perceivers may be especially sensitive to the magnitude of the cue, (3) "intermediate" perceivers' subjective reports may be primarily dependent on response criteria and the multiplicity of subjective factors which constitute it, (4) "high" perceivers apparently have least response sensitivity and they cannot maintain a consistent response criterion.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Test of the incidental-cues hypothesis.

Five groups of adult Ss were submitted to free-recall learning of 24 objects presented as written nouns for the control group and as pictures for experimental groups, as follows: schematic black and white, schematic colored, detailed black and white, and detailed colored drawings. Pictures were better recalled than nouns. Recall was significantly inferior for schematic black and white than for detailed colored drawings, with schematic colored and detailed black and white drawings at an intermediate level. These results support the so-called incidental-cues hypothesis according to which the best recall of pictures in comparison with that of nouns is partially the result of pictures having more distinctive cues likely to be encoded than do verbal items.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1976

Experience and latency to achieve stereopsis.

This study assessed perceptual learning effects with complex random-dot stereograms. Observers were shown the same complex anaglyph five times daily, for four consecutive days, and latencies to achieve stereopsis were recorded. Two-factor repeated-measures analysis of variance yielded significant effects of days, trials, and days-by-trials interaction. Latency to achieve stereopsis decreases over trials each day, but this decrease is not completely transferred across days. It is concluded that obervers must, in some sense, "re-learn" how to perceive complex stereograms if subsequent presentations occur over more than one day.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Imposed delay of response: effects on aphasics auditory comprehension of visuality and non-visually cued material.

Two groups of aphasics were administered an auditory comprehension task under conditions of 0-, 5-, and 10-sec. imposed delay of response. The auditory-visual group received auditory and visual cues; the auditory group received only auditory cues. Comprehension for the auditory-visual group was significantly better than for the auditory group. Increase in delay time significantly improved comprehension for the auditory-visual group but not for the auditory group.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Relation of the Aubert-Foerster phenomenon to manifest anxiety.

The relation of the increase in distance to narrowing of the visual angle was investigated with 20 subjects in high and low anxiety states. Stimulu were introduced from the periphery, and readings were taken at the limits of sharp perception of figures. The investigation partially confirmed that increase in distance resulted in narrowing of the visual field for the group low in anxiety. However, the visual angles were greater for the group high in anxiety.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1977

Stroop effect: interference and facilitation with verbal and manual responses.

Two groups of 12 volunteers manually (button pushing) or verbally identified the ink color of 5, randomly ordered and tachistoscopically presented, kinds of stimulus conditons, specified by the nature of the noncolor information and the relationship between color and noncolor information: Congruent Color Words, Noncolor Words, Scrambled Color Words, Nonword Geometric Shapes, and Noncongruent Color Words. With verbal response, facilitation of reaction time occurred for Congruent Color Words compared to Scrambled Color Words and Noncolor Words but not when compared to the Nonword Control, while with manual response facilitation appeared for all comparisons. Interference appeared for both groups, with Noncongruent Color Words having the slowest reaction time. The present design corrected for inadequacies in previous studies and more firmly established the conclusion of parallel perceptual processing of color and noncolor information, with facilitation/interference effects being localized in postperceptual decision operations of signal summation and response competition.

Color Perception↗
PubMed1977

Descent behavior of rats and chicks in a cliff and non-cliff situation.

A visual cliff was constructed so that patterns could appear below the centerboard as "shallow" and "deep" or vertical to the centerboard as "near" and "far". Preference for the shallow side was significant only for chicks. Preference for the vertical pattern was significant for both chicks and rats. These findings indicate that both rats and chicks will descend to the nearer of two patterns in a non-cliff situation.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

The color-word connotative incongruity effect.

Two experiments tested the hypothesis that color-naming speed is slower for inconsistent than for consistent color-word combinations as defined by separate semantic differential ratings of color and word components. In Exp. 1 15 undergraduate subjects individually made telegraph-key identifications of consistent and inconsistent instances of yellow or brown color-word combinations. For Exp. 2 and analogue of the Stroop Color-Word Test was constructed in which two cards contained only consistent, and two cards contained only inconsistent, adjective-color combinations. Autonym adjectival pairs, e.g., "hot"--"cold," were used ensuring that two card-pairs contained cards identical in every respect except consistency. Color-naming times of 40 undergraduate subjects for consistent and inconsistent cards were compared. Results of the two experiments supported the hypothesis. Since semantic differential ratings presumably index implicit reactions to stimuli having no obvious relationship to color-naming, these data suggested that a response-competion explanation of semantic-color interaction is incomplete.

Association↗
PubMed1979

Function of color in learning an assembly task by learning disabled adolescents.

This study examined the effect of color on responses by 20 14- to 17-yr-old learning disabled students in a probation facility to a puzzle assembly task. Prior to the task, one of two randomly constituted groups of 10 viewed a black and white film illustrating a puzzle assembly, the other group viewed an identical film of the puzzle being assembled in color. Analysis indicated that color does not enhance performance in some cases and may inhibit performance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1979

Kinetic depth effect examined under conditions of unimodal versus bimodal sensory input.

To perceive the three-dimensional rotation of a shadow figure, displacement and line length change are required. Without displacement, persons perceive a line lengthening and shortening on a two-dimensional plane. The present investigation attempted to create the kinetic depth effect without displacement by including auditory input. 48 persons were randomly assigned to two groups (line-length change with tone or line-length change without tone). The tone group received sound through headphones which oscillated in amplitude in synchrony with the shadow of a rotating "T" figure. The tone group perceived a three-dimensional figure in rotation significantly more often than did the non-tone group. These results suggest that the kinetic depth effect may be created by more than one combination of sensory input.

Auditory Perception↗