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PubMed1975

Distribution of blood flow in the intestine with hypertonic glucose in the lumen.

The effects of luminal placement of 50 percent glucose solution on distribution of blood flow within the jejunal wall were studied with radioactive microspheres. Two types of spheres, 15 +/- 5 mu in diameter, were used. One was labeled with cerium- 141 (Ce- 141) and the other with strontium-85 (Sr-85). They were injected sequentially to test for reproducibility of the results. These two types of spheres gave similar results qualitatively and quantitatively. Luminal placement of 50 percent glucose increased total blood flow to the jejunal wall but the increase occurred mainly in the mucosal layer. The flow to the submucosa or muscularis-serosa was not altered. This increased mucosal flow was attenuated by prior exposure of the mucosa to a local anesthetic, dibucaine. It is suggested that the increased intestinal blood flow that occurs in the experimental dumping syndrome is confined to the mucosa of the intestine and is mediated by mechanisms that can be inhibited by exposing the mucosa to a local anesthetic.

Anesthesia, Local↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinically important differences in insulin absorption from abdomen in IDDM.

The absorption of radiolabeled soluble insulin ([125I]Actrapid Human; 10 U) from subcutaneous injection sites above (120 mm) and below (40 mm) the umbilicus was studied on 2 consecutive days in nine IDDM patients during 180 min. Insulin absorption was measured as disappearance of radioactivity by continuous external monitoring and as appearance of plasma immunoreactive free insulin (IRI). Adipose tissue blood flow (ATBF) was measured concomitantly by the 133Xe-washout technique. Plasma glucose was determined. Prior to the injections the depth of the subcutaneous fat tissue was determined using ultrasound. Significantly less radioactivity remained at the upper site, 42 +/- 5 vs. 60 +/- 6% after 180 min (P < 0.001). In accordance with this, injection into the site above vs. below the umbilicus resulted in a greater area under curve for plasma insulin, 3306 +/- 493 vs. 2357 +/- 466 mU/l per min (0-180 min; P < 0.01), and a more pronounced plasma glucose-lowering effect (P < 0.05). However, ATBF did not differ significantly between the two sites. These data suggest that there are clinically relevant differences in insulin absorption within the abdomen. Thus, insulin injection into the epigastric area causes more rapid insulin absorption resulting in an enhanced plasma glucose-lowering effect than injection into the more conventional site close beneath the umbilicus.

Abdomen↗

PubMed1982

Estimation of rabbit myocardial metabolic rate for glucose using fluorodeoxyglucose.

The isolated arterially perfused rabbit interventricular septum was used to determine the feasibility of using the glucose analogue 18F-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose (DG) with a tracer kinetic model to estimate the rate of exogenous glucose utilization. FDG was delivered to the septum by constant infusion, and tissue 18F radioactivity was measured as a function of time by external coincidence counting. The following four conditions were studied: flow rates of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ml/min with a heart rate of 72 beats/min and flow at 1.5 ml/min with 96 beats/min. The rate constants for FDG forward and reverse transport between the vascular and extravascular compartments (k*1, k*2, respectively), phosphorylation of FDG (k*3), and dephosphorylation of FDG-6-phosphate (FDG-6-P) (k*4) were determined from the tissue curves using a tracer kinetic model. The lumped constant (LC) of the deoxyglucose model calculated using Fick-derived myocardial metabolic rates of glucose (MMRGlc), was 0.60 +/- 0.10 and was stable over the range of conditions studied. Average k*'s and LC were used to calculate MMRGlc's employing the model and were not significantly (P greater than 0.05) different from those determined by the Fick method. Tissue analyses using high-pressure liquid chromatography documented that tissue 18F radioactivity wa due to FDG and FDG-6-P, and their relative fractions agreed well with the values predicted from the tracer kinetic model. Only FDG was detected in the effluent. These studies also indicate the presence of a myocardial enzyme that can hydrolyze FDG-6-P to FDG. Thus our results support the use of the FDG method with positron-computed tomography for the in vivo determination of the myocardial rate of exogenous glucose utilization.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Enhanced collagen synthesis in cultured skin fibroblasts from insulin-dependent diabetic patients with nephropathy.

Excessive production and deposition of extracellular matrix proteins are characteristic features of diabetic nephropathy. This study tests the hypothesis that cells from diabetic patients who develop nephropathy have a disturbance in collagen metabolism compared with cells from diabetic patients without complications. Kinetics of overall collagen metabolism and total protein synthesis were examined in serially passaged, subconfluent, quiescent skin fibroblasts cultured in either normal (5 mM) or high (25 mM) glucose concentrations from 14 insulin-dependent diabetic (IDDM) patients with nephropathy; 14 IDDM patients without nephropathy matched for age, diabetes duration, and body mass index; and 14 healthy subjects. Fibroblasts were incubated in the presence of 2 microCi/ml [3H]proline, and after labeling the incorporation of [3H]proline into total protein, collagen (collagenase-sensitive material), and noncollagen proteins (collagenase-resistant material) was determined at different time points. Collagen degradation was determined in pulse-chase experiments by following the residual collagen-bound radioactivity after incubation for 8 h with 10 microCi/ml [3H]proline. In high glucose concentrations (25 mM), overall collagen synthesis (measured as [3H]proline incorporation into extracellular and intracellular collagenase-sensitive material) was significantly greater in the patients with nephropathy (mean +/- SEM after a 24-h labeling period: 7189 +/- 671 dpm/10(6) cells) than in the patients without (4341 +/- 267 dpm/10(6) cells; P < 0.01) or healthy control subjects (3836 +/- 234 dpm/10(6) cells; P < 0.01). No significant differences were observed in noncollagen protein production or in collagen degradation rates among the three groups of subjects. In the presence of normal glucose concentrations (5 mM), collagen synthesis was lower in all groups studied, but the differences between IDDM patients with nephropathy and those without remained unaltered. These results suggest that long-term cultured fibroblasts derived from diabetic patients with nephropathy exhibit an abnormality in collagen metabolism. Cells from long-standing diabetic patients without nephropathy have normal collagen metabolism. The increased collagen synthesis is likely to be intrinsic to those diabetic patients susceptible to nephropathy and may play an important role in the sclerotic processes that occur in the kidneys, arteries, and heart.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Glucose-induced mobilisation of intracellular Ca2+ in depolarised pancreatic islets.

Perifused rat pancreatic islets, prelabelled with 45Ca, were exposed for 90 min to a medium containing 30 mM K+, 0.25 mM diazoxide and 0.5 mM EGTA, but deprived of CaCl2. Either verapamil (0.05 mM) or Cd2+ (0.05 mM) were also present in the perifusate. Under these conditions a rise in D-glucose concentrations from either 2.8 to 16.7 mM or zero to 8.3 mM increased both 45Ca outflow and insulin release, after an initial and transient decrease in effluent radioactivity. These findings suggest that, in islets depolarised by exposure to a high extracellular concentration of K+, D-glucose provokes an intracellular redistribution of Ca2+ ions and subsequent stimulation of insulin release. The functional response to D-glucose is apparently not attributable to either the closing of ATP-sensitive K+ channels, which were actually activated by diazoxide, or stimulation of Ca2+ influx, which was prevented by the absence of extracellular Ca2+. The present experimental design thus reveals a novel component of the glucose-induced remodelling of Ca2+ fluxes in islet cells. Such an effect might also be operative under physiological conditions, when the hexose leads to depolarisation of the islet B-cells.

Animals↗

PubMed1988

Asymmetric uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose in the dorsal cochlear nucleus during Pavlovian conditioning in the rabbit.

Uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose was measured during Pavlovian conditioning of the rabbit's nictitating membrane response by both qualitative autoradiography and by quantitative measurement of radioactivity in samples of brain tissue. Conditioning was accomplished by pairing a tone stimulus delivered to both ears with an air-puff stimulus delivered to the right eye. Infusion of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose during the first day of conditioning when there was no evidence of acquisition or during the 7th day of conditioning when animals demonstrated 68% conditioned responses resulted in a significantly greater uptake of radioactivity by the caudal portions of the left as compared with the right dorsal cochlear nucleus. Similar changes were not observed in other auditory and non-auditory nuclei. Rabbits that had acquired conditioned responses across 6 days of training and were exposed only to the tone-conditioned stimulus on the 7th day of testing exhibited 69% conditioned responses but no asymmetry in the uptake of 2-deoxy-D-[14C]glucose. Control animals receiving unpaired presentations of tone and air puff or no stimulation did not acquire conditioned responses and did not demonstrate asymmetric uptake of radioactivity in the dorsal cochlear nucleus. These results indicate that the asymmetric uptake of radioactivity by the dorsal cochlear nucleus did not result from the effects of stimulation per se or the prior occurrence of learning but was due to the explicit pairing of the tone stimulus with the asymmetric delivery of the air puff. It would appear that the caudal dorsal cochlear nucleus not only serves as a signal transducer for auditory stimuli but also receives inputs from other sensory systems thus allowing it to both recognize when an auditory stimulus is followed by a biologically significant event and to transmit such information to other brain regions that are, in turn, responsible for learning.

Animals↗

PubMed1997

Function of reduced-size liver transplant in the rat.

We have studied the function of partial orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat by evaluating prothrombin time (PT), liver blood flow, basal and glucose-stimulated insulin secretion and glucose tolerance, and the reticuloendothelial function (RES) in hepatectomized rats subjected to partial liver transplantation. A graft corresponding to 68% of a normal liver was transplanted to totally hepatectomized rats. Comparison was made between control rats and rats subjected to 32% liver resection. PT was not significantly different in the transplanted group compared with liver-resected and control rats. Laser Doppler flowmetry showed that at 28 days after surgery, blood flow had increased in the transplanted livers. Furthermore, on the third day after transplantation, basal plasma insulin was increased and the plasma insulin response to glucose was exaggerated, suggesting reduced insulin action and impaired insulin degradation. Finally, uptake of radioactive-labeled E. coli bacteria, as a measure of RES function, was not compromised in transplanted animals. Based on these results, we conclude that reduced-size liver transplant in out-bred rats results in fast normalization of liver function after surgery although, immediately after surgery, glucose intolerance is seen.

Animals↗

PubMed2002

Biosynthesis of d-arabinose in Mycobacterium smegmatis: specific labeling from d-glucose.

d-Arabinose is a major sugar in the cell wall polysaccharides of Mycobacterium tuberculosis and other mycobacterial species. The reactions involved in the biosynthesis and activation of d-arabinose represent excellent potential sites for drug intervention since d-arabinose is not found in mammalian cells, and the cell wall arabinomannan and/or arabinogalactan appear to be essential for cell survival. Since the pathway involved in conversion of d-glucose to d-arabinose is unknown, we incubated cells of Mycobacterium smegmatis individually with [1-(14)C]glucose, [3,4-(14)C]glucose, and [6-(14)C]glucose and compared the specific activities of the cell wall-bound arabinose. Although the specific activity of the arabinose was about 25% lower with [6-(14)C]glucose than with other labels, there did not appear to be selective loss of either carbon 1 or carbon 6, suggesting that arabinose was not formed by loss of carbon 1 of glucose via the oxidative step of the pentose phosphate pathway, or by loss of carbon 6 in the uronic acid pathway. Similar labeling patterns were observed with ribose isolated from the nucleic acid fraction. Since these results suggested an unusual pathway of pentose formation, labeling studies were also done with [1-(13)C]glucose, [2-(13)C]glucose, and [6-(13)C]glucose and the cell wall arabinose was examined by NMR analysis. This method allows one to determine the relative (13)C content in each carbon of the arabinose. The labeling patterns suggested that the most likely pathway was condensation of carbons 1 and 2 of fructose 6-phosphate produced by the transaldolase reaction with carbons 4, 5, and 6 (i.e., glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate) formed by fructose-1,6 bisphosphate aldolase. Cell-free enzyme extracts of M. smegmatis were incubated with ribose 5-phosphate, xylulose 5-phosphate, and d-arabinose 5-phosphate under a variety of experimental conditions. Although the ribose 5-phosphate and xylulose 5-phosphate were converted to other pentoses and hexoses, no arabinose 5-phosphate (or free arabinose) was detected in any of these reactions. In addition, these enzyme extracts did not convert arabinose 5-phosphate to any other pentose or hexose. In addition, incubation of [(14)C]glucose 6-phosphate and various nucleoside triphosphates (ATP, CTP, GTP, TTP, and UTP) with cytosolic or membrane fractions from the mycobacterial cells did not result in formation of a nucleotide form of arabinose, although other radioactive sugars including rhamnose and galactose were found in the nucleotide fraction. Furthermore, no radioactive arabinose was found in the nucleotide fraction isolated from M. smegmatis cells grown in [(3)H]glucose, nor was arabinose detected in a large-scale extraction of the sugar nucleotide fraction from 300 g of cells. The logical conclusion from these studies is that d-arabinose is probably produced from d-ribose by epimerization of carbon 2 of the ribose moiety of polyprenylphosphate-ribose to form polyprenylphosphate-arabinose, which is then used as the precursor for formation of arabinosyl polymers.

Arabinose↗

PubMed1998

Transplacental uptake of glucose is decreased in embryonic lethal connexin26-deficient mice.

Mice that harbor a targeted homozygous defect in the gene coding for the gap junctional protein connexin26 died in utero during the transient phase from early to midgestation. From day 10 post coitum onwards, development of homozygous embryos was retarded, which led to death around day 11 post coitum. Except for growth retardation, no gross morphological alterations were detected between homozygous connexin26-defective embryos and wild-type littermates. At day 9 postcoitum, when chorioallantoic placenta started to function, connexin26 was weakly expressed in the yolk sac epithelium, between syncytiotrophoblasts I and II in the labyrinth region of the placenta, and in the skin of the embryo. At day 10 post coitum, expression of connexin26 in the placenta was much stronger than at the other locations. To analyze involvement of connexin26 in the placental transfer of nutrients, we have measured embryonic uptake of the nonmetabolizable glucose analogue 3-O-[14C]methylglucose, injected into the maternal tail vein. At day 10 post coitum, viable, homozygous connexin26-defective embryos accumulated only approximately 40% of the radioactivity measured in wild-type and heterozygous littermates of the same size. We conclude that the uptake of glucose, and presumably other nutrients as well, from maternal blood into connexin26-deficient mouse embryos was severely impaired and apparently not sufficient to support the rapid organogenesis during midgestation. Our results suggest that connexin26 gap junction channels likely fulfill an essential role in the transfer of maternal nutrients and embryonic waste products between syncytiotrophoblast I and II in the labyrinth layer of the mouse placenta.

3-O-Methylglucose↗

PubMed1975

Effect of impaired glycosylation on the biosynthesis of Semliki forest virus glycoproteins.

The glycoproteins of Semliki Forest virus, grown in chicken embryo cells, were labeled with radioactive sugars. The data indicate a high mannose content of the nonstructural precursor glycoprotein NSP 63. This protein can also be readily labeled with 2-deoxy-D-glucose. The envelope glycoproteins E1 and E2 are relatively rich in galactose, glucosamine, and fucose. Glycosylation can be impaired by 2-deoxy-D-glucose or D-glucosamine or by omission of sugars in the culture medium. Under these conditions characteristic changes in the electrophoretic profile of the viral polypeptides are observed: in the regions of glycoproteins NSP 97, NSP 63, and E1 and E2 new protein peaks can be detected. These polypeptides seem to be aberrant forms of the glycoproteins. When compared with the normal molecules they have lower molecular weights and contain less carbohydrates, especially mannose. Pulse-chase experiments indicate that the altered glycoproteins are degraded very slowly if at all. If, however, impairment is caused by omission of sugars in the culture medium, the radioactivity is chased after addition of glucose from the region between NSP 63 and E1 + E2 into the E1 + E2 peak. This suggests a completion of the carbohydrate chains under these conditions.

Cells, Cultured↗

PubMed2001

Effect of Ginkgo biloba extract (EGb761) on glucose metabolism-related markers in streptozotocin-damaged rat brain.

To reveal whether an extract of Ginkgo biloba (EGb761) may affect streptozotocin (STZ)-induced impairments in brain glucose metabolism, autoradiographies of [3H]cytochalasin-B binding to the total population of glucose transporters, [125I]insulin binding to insulin receptors, [3H]glyburide binding to sulfonylurea receptors, and radioactive in situ hybridization for GLUT3 mRNA were carried out in hippocampal brain sections of adult rats that have additionally been divided into good performers (GP) and poor performers (PP) by behavioural tests before the experiments. The STZ-induced increases in hippocampal [3H]cytochalasin-B binding to (total) glucose transporters returned to almost normal values following EGb761 treatment, regardless of the experimental animal group (GP or PP) tested. Similarly, the STZ-mediated enhancements in hippocampal insulin receptor binding of GP rats were partially compensated by the treatment with EGb761. The data suggest beneficial effects of EGb671 on impaired brain glucose metabolism, at least under the experimental conditions used in the study presented.

ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters↗

PubMed1978

The transport and metabolism of L-proline-14C in the rat in vivo.

The physiologic disposition, metabolic fate, and renal clearance of intravenously injected 14C-L-proline was determined in the rat. The disappearance of radioactivity from plasma occurred with a biphasic curve, the initial high levels reaching a nadir about 30 min after injection with subsequent increasing amounts of radioactivity. Examination of the 14C components in plasma revealed that 14C-proline disappeared rapidly during the first 30 min. At this time, the labeling of circulating plasma proteins ensued and continued to increase during the following 45 min of observations. Plasma glucose became labeled 10 min after injection and, thereafter, increased its 14C content. The extensive labeling of plasma proteins and glucose accounted for the increasing 14C found in plasma 30 min after injection. The course of radioactive labeling of brain, kidney, diaphragm, and liver was assessed. The greatest number of cpm/mg of tissue was found in the kidney. Determination of the distribution ratio, the ratio of cpm/ml intracellular nonprotein 14C to that in plasma in kidney revealed a peak of 3.9 within 15 min, a value comparable to that found in vitro. Twelve percent of the administered radioactivity was excreted as 14CO2 within 180 min. The oxidation was inhibited by known transport and metabolic inhibitors, the greatest effect observed with hydroxyproline, followed in order by thioproline, 3,4-dihydroproline, and glycine. The fractional urinary excretion of proline, Cproline/Cinulin, was determined and found to be 1% or less. This was increased by inhibitors, the greatest effect due to hydroxyproline followed in order by dehydroproline and glycine, a result similar to the observed extent of inhibition of proline oxidation to 14C O2. The physiologic disposition of proline was not altered by ligation of the renal vasculature.

Amino Acids↗

PubMed1979

Calcium and pancreatic beta-cell function. 6. Glucose and intracellular 45Ca distribution.

Glucose stimulates the uptake of 45Ca into beta-cell-rich pancreatic islets isolated from ob/ob-mice. The distribution of the incorporated radioactivity was analysed by labelling the organelles with 45Ca in their cellular environment. The radioactive content of the organelles was measured after homogenization and fractionation of the islets under conditions preventing 45Ca redistribution. The 45Ca taken up in response to glucose appeared essentially in the secretory granule fraction and in that enriched in mitochondria. Modification of the 45Ca loading procedure, involving reduction of the oxygen tension and incubation volume, resulted in the disappearance of the glucose effect on the mitochondrial fraction whereas part of the stimulatory effect on the secretory granules persisted. Buffering of calcium by the secretory granules and mitochondria may be important for regulating the cytoplasmic Ca2+ involved in stimulus-secretion coupling.

Animals↗

PubMed1982

Measurement of cerebral glucose utilization using washout after carotid injection in the rat.

The carotid injection technique, used previously to quantitate the kinetics of blood-brain barrier transport of metabolic substrates, may be modified to analyze the rate of cerebral glucose utilization. A 0.2-ml solution of [14C]glucose (GF) and [3H]methylglucose (M), an internal reference, is rapidly injected into the carotid artery, followed by microwave fixation of brain at various times up to 4 min after injection. The brain radioactivity is separated into a fraction containing neutral hexoses (GF and M) and a fraction containing metabolites of glucose. The GF/M ratio is related to the rate constant (k3) of brain glucose utilization by the simple, linear equation: 1n(GF/M) = ln(GF0/0)--k3t, where GF0/M0 = the brain uptake index of glucose, relative to methylglucose, at 5--15 s after injection, and t = the time after carotid injection, e.g., 1--4 min. It is assumed that (a) the rate of influx due to recirculation of label is minimal during the 4-min circulation period; and (b) the rate constants of glucose efflux (k2) and methylglucose efflux (k2*) are identical. Independent estimates of k2 and k2* showed these parameters to be identical: k2 = 0.14 +/- 0.08 min-1; k2* = 0.14 +/- 0.02 min-1. A logarithmic plot of GF/M ratios versus time was linear (r = 0.99), and was described by the slope k3 = 0.21 +/- 0.02 min-1. Assuming glucose is uniformly distributed in brain, then the glycolytic rate = k3 x brain glucose = (0.21 min-1) (2.6 mumol g-1) = 0.55 mumol min-1 g-1 for the cortex of the barbiturate-anesthetized rat. These studies provide the basis for a simple method of measurement of regional brain glycolysis that does not require either the use of correction factors, e.g., the lumped constant, or the use of differentially labeled glucose.

3-O-Methylglucose↗

PubMed1986

Effect of glucose and insulin infusion on the myocardial extraction of a radioiodinated methyl-substituted fatty acid.

We investigated the one-way, AV extraction of 14-iodophenyl-tetradecanoic acid (BMTDA) in the canine heart under fasting conditions and during infusion of glucose plus insulin in eight anesthetized greyhound dogs. Myocardial extraction measurements were made with dual tracer approach, using Tc-99m albumin as reference tracer. Prior to, and during, infusion of 10% glucose and 25 units of regular insulin, heart rate, blood pressure, plasma glucose, insulin and free fatty acid levels were measured. Myocardial blood flow was determined using Sn-113 and Ru-103 radioactive microspheres. The mean extraction fraction of BMTDA was 0.38 +/- SEM 0.06 at baseline and increased to 0.44 +/- 0.06 during hyperglycemia plus insulin (P less than 0.025). Plasma glucose and insulin were higher during the infusion (P less than 0.01) while plasma free fatty acids significantly declined (P less than 0.01). There were no changes in hemodynamics or myocardial blood flow during the infusion. We conclude that glucose and insulin infusion result in increased first-pass extraction fraction of radioiodinated BMTDA unaccompanied by changes in coronary flow or hemodynamics, implying an insulin-mediated augmented transport of BMTDA.

Animals↗

PubMed1980

Regional myocardial blood flow, metabolism and function assessed noninvasively with positron emission tomography.

Positron emission computed tomography is a new technique of potential value for the noninvasive measurement of myocardial blood flow, mechanical function and, in particular, metabolism. The capability of this new study method is attributable to the technologic innovations of the imaging device and the availability of radioactive tracers that are specific for blood flow and metabolism. The device permits recording of cross-sectional images of the left ventricular myocardium that quantitatively reflect regional tracer tissue concentrations. Use of tracer kinetic models with this new technique permits measurements of regional glucose and fatty acid metabolism of the heart. Positron emission tomography is already an important new tool for investigative studies of cardiac physiology and pathophysiology; its clinical utility remains to be defined.

Ammonia↗

PubMed1983

Dynamic 131I-labelled insulin distribution in rabbits as seen by in-vivo scintigraphic studies.

The kinetics of 131I-labelled insulin distribution in heart, liver, kidneys and urinary bladder of rabbits were studied in vivo by gamma-camera techniques combined with plasma measurements (glucose concentrations and chromatographic separation of insulin and its degradation products). The distribution space of radioiodinated insulin differed from the vascular bed delineated by radioiodinated serum albumin. During a 20-min gamma-camera recording, radioactive degradation products only appeared in the plasma after 10-12 min. Previous administration of a 10 000-fold excess of unlabelled insulin and 5 ml glucose (20%) did not modify the evolution of 131I-labelled insulin cardiac invasion and the subsequent linear decrease of radioactivity. Conversely, wash-out of radioactivity from the liver and kidney was accelerated after preadministration of this excess of unlabelled hormone, binding in these organs accounting for this acceleration. Urinary bladder filling was imaged later than cardiac, hepatic or renal labelling and was only accelerated by polyuria induced by glucose injection, independent of preadministration of unlabelled hormone.

Animals↗

PubMed1981

Effects of osmolality of liquid nutrient diets on plasma equilibration of water and carbohydrate in Yucatan miniature swine.

Osmolality of a liquid diet was varied from 250 to 700 mOsm/kg by altering the amount of sucrose and corn syrup solids, while maintaining the same level of calories, protein, and electrolytes. The appearance of 3H and 14C in blood plasma were monitored during a 4-h period after pigs voluntarily consumed one of five diets labeled with 3H2O and U-14C-sucrose. Plasma osmolality and sodium and potassium concentrations in plasma did not differ among the diets. Postprandial plasma glucose concentration response to the diets varied both between and within treatments. The rates of radioactive tracer appearance in plasma suggest that water and carbohydrate absorption were accelerated with increasing osmolality of diet up to 700 mOsm/kg.

Absorption↗