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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Preservation of function in experimental renal disease by dietary restriction of phosphate.

We sought to determine the importance of calcium phosphate deposition in the functional deterioration of damaged or diseased kidneys. Using the remnant-kidney model in rats, we found that dietary phosphate restriction prevented proteinuria, renal calcification, histologic changes, functional deterioration and death in uremia. Histologic examination of the remnant kidney in the nonrestricted animals showed calcium and phosphorus deposits in the cortical tubular cells, basement membranes and interstitium. A similar degree and pattern of calcification have been found in preliminary studies of human end-stage kidneys. Our results suggest that the calcification produced by the altered phosphorus metabolism present in the uremic state incites an inflammatory and fibrotic reaction leading to destruction of the remnant kidney. Phosphate restriction prevents this response in the remnant kidney. The potential applicability of these findings to other forms of experimental renal disease and to clinical uremia remains to be explored.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Interpretation of blood chemistries, part 1.

Multichannel biochemical analyzers, which simultaneously measure numerous chemical constituents of blood and provide a printout of results in a matter of minutes, have become useful diagnostic tools in modern medical practice. This two-part article shows by actual examples how to make the most of such data in diagnosing disease and monitoring its course. Part 2 will be published next month.

Aged↗
PubMed1976

Observations on late effects in mice exposed to 400 MeV neutrons.

Life-long observations on mortality and pathology at death were carried out on groups of mice irradiated with 250 kV X-rays or exposed to a 400 MeV neutron beam, both directly and after attenuation corresponding to the maximum dose build-up region, at comparable dose-rates. Doses up to 84 rad of 400 MeV neutrons and up to 200 rad of X-rays showed no effect on the longevity of the animals, which suggest an upper limit to the r.b.e. for life-shortening of approximately 2-5. Similar conclusions were drawn from the data on all types of leukemias. For all other neoplasms, the age-specific death-rate showed a similar shortening of the latency times for groups of mice irradiated with 0-84 rad of 400 MeV direct neutrons and 0-400 rad of X-rays, also suggesting an upper limit to the r.b.e. slightly higher than that previously indicated for life-shortening. No definite effect was observed after exposure to the attenuated neutron beam at the doses used in these experiments.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Verification.

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Biopsy↗
PubMed1995

Individualizing drug therapy for the hypertensive patient.

When prescribing antihypertensive agents, the clinician must take into account coexisting conditions, lest treatment produce adverse, perhaps even life-threatening, side effects. The preferred agents and those to be avoided are discussed for six associated pathologies. Available drug options now permit tailored therapy that not only lowers blood pressure but also minimizes organ damage.

Antihypertensive Agents↗
PubMed2003

Lipid profile before and after renal transplantation--a longitudinal study.

BACKGROUND: The data on lipid profile in renal transplant recipients from the Indian subcontinent is scant. METHODS: Lipid profile was studied in 30 consecutive patients of end stage renal disease before renal transplantation (0 month) and prospectively posttransplantation at 1, 3, and 6 months. The results were compared with 30, age and sex matched, healthy controls. All the patients received triple immunosuppression (prednisolone, azathioprine and cyclosporine). RESULTS: Pretransplantation, the hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia was present in 20% and 7% of the patients and the difference (elevation) in the mean values of various lipid fractions was not significant compared to healthy controls except a fall in HDL (p < .01). After renal transplantation, there was a significant elevation in the mean values of total cholesterol, triglycerides, VLDL, and LDL cholesterol at 1, 3, and 6 months. HDL cholesterol levels remained significantly lower as compared to healthy controls. Although, the mean values of serum triglycerides and cholesterol were significantly higher in diabetic end stage renal disease compared to nondiabetic ESRD, however there was insignificant difference in the lipid profile amongst diabetic and nondiabetic renal allograft recipients. CONCLUSION: Our data shows distinct elevation in the lipids and lipoproteins after renal transplantation and immunosuppressive drugs seem to be the culprit.

Adult↗
PubMed1978

Metabolic studies with keto acids in uremia.

The utilization of a preparation containing the keto analogues of five essential amino acids was evaluated by nitrogen balance studies in five uremic patients receiving an 18 g protein diet. In all five patients the nitrogen balance improved when the diet was supplemented with ketoacids, becoming positive in three cases, and about zero in one case. In two cases the improvement in nitrogen utilization occurred without a prior period of adaptation with the protein-poor diet. The nitrogen balance was negative in two cases when reinvestigated after about 7 weeks, but one of these cases had a slight infection at the time of the study.

Adult↗
PubMed2003

Important factors other than dialysis adequacy associated with inadequate dietary protein and energy intakes in patients receiving maintenance peritoneal dialysis.

BACKGROUND: Anorexia that results in inadequate nutrient intake is considered one of the most important causes of malnutrition in dialysis patients. OBJECTIVE: The objective was to determine factors other than dialysis adequacy that are associated with inadequate protein and energy intakes in patients receiving continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis. DESIGN: Dietary protein and energy intakes were assessed with a food-frequency questionnaire in 266 patients, and factors other than dialysis adequacy that are potentially associated with reductions in energy and protein intakes were examined. RESULTS: Only 39% of the patients had protein intakes > or = 1.2 g x kg(- 1) x d(- 1), and 26% had energy intakes > or = 126 kJ x kg(- 1) x d(- 1). Other than having a greater total urea clearance and glomerular filtration rate, patients with protein intakes > or = 1.2, as opposed to < 1.2, g x kg(- 1) x d(- 1) had lower high-sensitive C-reactive protein concentrations and fewer complications with volume overload (29% compared with 46%; P = 0.006). Patients with energy intakes > or = 126, as opposed to < 126, kJ x kg(- 1) x d(- 1) were younger, had lower high-sensitive C-reactive protein concentrations, and had a lower prevalence of diabetes (P = 0.006), atherosclerotic vascular disease (P = 0.020), and history of volume overload (P = 0.013). Multiple regression analysis showed that other than increasing age, diabetes, and total urea clearance, having a history of volume overload was independently associated with a 0.22-g x kg(- 1) x d(- 1)decrease in protein (P = 0.001) and a 13.07-kJ x kg(- 1) x d(- 1) decrease in energy intake (P = 0.006). CONCLUSION: An important yet unrecognized association was observed between a history of volume overload and dietary intake in peritoneal dialysis patients.

Adult↗