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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

Infertility in women participating in a screening program for cervical cancer in Helsinki.

The purpose of the present study was to establish the occurrence of infertility in Finnish women aged 30, 35 and 40 years. The study is based on an interview by questionnaire carried out on women participating in screening for cancer by Pap smear. The participation rate is generally about 60%. A total of 4,879 women were interviewed between May 1981 and April 1982. 149 incomplete replies were discarded and an additional 528 women not at risk of conception were excluded. The final analysis included 4,202 women. Actual infertility, i.e., failure to establish pregnancy at the time of interview, occurred in 438 women (10.4%). The overall infertility rate was 15.4%. The primary infertility rate (5%) seems to be similar in all the age groups interviewed. Secondary infertility increased among women aged 30-40 years, from 4.1 to 9.9%. Actual infertility increased highly significantly between the age groups 30 and 40 years. A limited number of women are permanently infertile, but the percentage of those who at some point in their lives are involuntarily childless is higher.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Patterns of inheritance of ovarian cancer. An analysis from an ovarian cancer screening program.

BACKGROUND: A variety of inheritance patterns for familial ovarian cancer have been proposed including an autosomal dominant inheritance, a breast-ovary cancer syndrome and Lynch Cancer Family Syndrome (involving breast, bowel, ovary, and endometrial cancers). METHODS: Women participating in an ovarian cancer screening study completed a questionnaire concerning their family history of ovarian and other malignancies (in particular breast, bowel, and endometrial cancer). Confirmation of the diagnosis was sought when there was uncertainty. RESULTS: Two hundred forty women with a first-degree relative with ovarian cancer participated in the study. Nine percent of these women (representing 13 families) gave a definite history of two or more affected first-degree relatives. Two families had a pedigree consistent with an autosomal dominant inheritance. A breast-ovary cancer family and a Lynch cancer family syndrome were suspected in one family each, although 34% of all women gave a history of at least one other first-degree relative with either breast, bowel, or endometrial cancer. CONCLUSIONS: Only a small number of women with a family history of ovarian cancer fit into the recognized hereditary patterns. Difficulty in recognizing the inheritance patterns and the lack of definitive genetic markers poses problems in providing adequate counseling regarding screening and prophylactic oophorectomy.

Adenocarcinoma↗
PubMed2004

Prevalence of and risk factors for nocturia: Analysis of a health screening program.

BACKGROUND: We examined the prevalence of and risk factors for nocturia in Kurashiki city and the surrounding area, a rural area in Japan. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We collected data on 6517 individuals (4568 men and 1949 women) who participated in a multiphasic health screening. We analyzed the relationships between nocturia assessed by a questionnaire (voiding twice or more during night) and other variables including age, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic renal failure, benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH), smoking habit and alcohol intake. RESULTS: Overall, 1856 individuals (28.5%) answered that they arose to urinate at least twice during the night. This rate increased with age from 16.5% in individuals younger than 50 to 60.0% in those older than 69. Logistic regression analysis revealed that cohorts of subjects 50-59, 60-69, and 70 years old or over had, respectively, 1.75, 3.35, and 6.21 times the prevalence of nocturia of the 49 years or younger cohort. Hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 1.64) and DM (OR 1.70) were other independent positive risk factors for nocturia. On the other hand, current smokers who smoked 20 or more cigarettes per day were less likely to have nocturia than non-smokers (OR 0.72). In male individuals, BPH was another independent positive risk factor (OR 1.35). Gender was not associated with nocturia. CONCLUSIONS: Although population bias is an important limitation to this study, nocturia is associated with various factors suggesting that multiple approaches are needed to the treatment of patients with nocturia.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed2003

[Quantitative assessment of individual risk and population screening program on gastric carcinoma].

OBJECTIVE: To set up a mathematic model for determining individual risk and population risk of gastric carcinoma. METHODS: Based on principles and methods of probability and fuzzy mathematics, a case-control study was quantified and a mathematic model for the screening of gastric carcinoma was set up. Using two different calculation methods of weight coefficients, the thresholds were identified as 0.20 and 0.17, respectively. This mathematic model was then used to examine 63 cases and 693 normal persons. RESULTS: The sensitivities and specificities were 69% and 63%. The different calculative methods of weight coefficients did not affect the results of the identification. CONCLUSION: The sensitivities and specificities were satisfactory indicating that it was convenient, feasible, economic and could meet the contented screening rate. It could be used to determinate the risk for gastric carcinoma both on individual and on population.

Case-Control Studies↗