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At least 1,261 records · Page 70Linked to original sources
PubMed1978

Clinical and radiographic study of pulpectomy and root canal therapy.

A clinical and radiographic reexamination of 2,459 roots 2-7 years after initial pulpectomy or root canal therapy is presented. The overall success rate, which was 53%, was not affected by the sex or age of the patient, or by the jaw in which the tooth was situated. The tooth group, however, had a significant influence on the success rate, the worst results being obtained for incisors and especially the mandibular central and maxillary lateral incisors. The prognosis was clearly better for the pulpectomies than for the root canal therapy. Mortal pulpectomy was found to succeed more often than vital. The presence of a primary periapical rarefaction worsened the success rate. The success rate was lower for the teeth in which a posttreatment prosthetic crown had been fitted. Fillings which went beyond the apex had a significantly lower success rate than those which nearly or exactly reached the apex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Bacterial infections of pulp and periodontal origin.

The anatomical and structural characteristics of the pulp make this structure prone to altering as a result of, for instance, periodontal conditions (proximity), iatrogenic alterations, infections and involvement of vascular and nerve structures (it is surrounded by hard tissues that prevent expansion), to name just a few. Pulpitis is a process that courses with pain of varying intensity that allows us to determine the location of the lesion in clinical terms. Its evolution varies and may even progress to pulpar necrosis that in turn, produces neuritis-like pain. Diagnosis is established by means of clinical symptomatology and supported by X-rays, palpation of tissues at painful sites, application of electrical stimuli, heat, etc. Periodontitis is a bacterial infection originating in the apex. The most important form is the so-called acute apical periodontitis that arises as a result of a prior episode of pulpitis. It is characterized by acute pain located in the tooth, accompanied by the feeling of having a long-tooth. The patient refers being unable to chew on that side; there may be painful mobility of the tooth and an outflow of pus that alleviates symptoms. X-rays do not provide a lot of information, but may attest to a widening of the apical space. This pathology may disseminate to surrounding tissues, leading to conditions of considerable severity.

Bacterial Infections↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Nonsurgical endodontic treatment of an invaginated canine].

We present a case of a maxillary canine with a dens invaginatus treated successfully. The patient had pain, swelling and a sinus tract coming from the inmature apex of the canine. The canals were enlarged and cleaned and the main canal was filled with Calcium Hydroxide to allow the root development. Seven months later, the patient was asymptomatic and the tooth was obturated with guttapercha. One year later it was confirm the success in the treatment.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1980

[Distribution characteristics of the root apices of multirooted teeth in the mandible].

Changes in the mandibular height and thickness of its alveolar part have been studied, with special reference to the relation existing between the apices of the molar teeth roots and the external and internal surfaces of the mandible and the mandibular canal. The investigation was carried out in 148 male and female sculls having the lower jaw, in 115 maxillodental cuts. It has been stated that the greatest mandibular height is in males at the level of the first premolar teeth (23.4+/-0.82 mm) and the smallest -- at the level of the second molar (32.01+/-0.52 mm). The thickness of the alveolar part at the level of the root apices of the first premolar is the smallest both in males and females (9.578+/-0.301 mm -- 11.068+/-0.69 mm); the greatest -- at the level of the third molar (13.0+/-0.632 mm -- 15.5+/-0.55 mm). The distance between the root apex and the external surface of the alveolar part is the least at the level of the first premolar, at an average 3.12 mm. The mandibular osseous structure and the relation of the tooth root with the mandibular canal are clearly seen in electroroentgenograms.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Reasons for and incidence of tooth mortality in a Swedish population.

Longitudinal studies on tooth mortality are rare but the reasons for tooth mortality have been studied by several authors. The aims of this investigation were to study the reasons for and incidence of tooth mortality in an earlier described Swedish population of 200 patients on two occasions with an interval of 5-7 years, and to see if the reasons for extractions were correlated to posts, crowns or endodontic status, respectively. 197 (4.0%) of the 4889 teeth registered at the first examination were lost during the interval. 65 (33%) of the lost teeth were endodontically treated. 44 (68%) of these were registered as having one or more root with a root-filling ending more than 2 mm from the apex and 29 (45%) were judged to have an improper seal. In 93 of the 197 lost teeth it was possible to find the reason for extraction from the patient chart. Based on distribution of selected variables, these 93 teeth seemed to be representative of the whole group of 197. It was concluded that tooth losses were evenly distributed in the different age-groups and that above all molars but also premolars were lost more often than teeth in the frontal region. Furthermore, endodontically treated teeth were lost more often than other teeth and the quality of the root-filling affected the risk for losses while crowned teeth did not run a higher risk of being lost than teeth without crowns. Finally, it was found that caries, including pulpitis and apical periodontitis, was the main reason for tooth extractions.

Adult↗
PubMed1997

The relationship of root canal enlargement to finger-spreader induced vertical root fracture.

The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of lateral condensation forces on the development of vertical root fracture (VRF) in teeth that have undergone controlled, measured internal root reduction (i.e. canal preparation). Thirty-four straight-rooted maxillary anterior teeth were used. For each tooth a simulated PDL was fabricated from a uniform 0.15 mm layer of silicone impression material. The teeth were mounted in resin to facilitate removal for observation. They were radiographed and measured at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex. They were prepared with the step-back method so that the canal width was 20% of the total root width at 2, 4, 6, and 8 mm from the apex. They were obturated using a fine finger spreader attached to a jig that produced a static force of 3.3 kg for 15 s after placement of each gp point. Obturation was complete when the spreader did not penetrate apical to 8 mm from the apex. Twenty-four h after obturation the teeth were examined by transillumination for VRF. Teeth not exhibiting VRF were tested further after gp removal and canal enlargement of 30%, 40%, and 50% The teeth were sectioned at 2-mm increments with a diamond wafering saw and examined under stereomicroscope. No VRF occurred at 20% or 30%; 5 teeth fractured at 40% and 7 at 50%. These teeth had root surface craze lines that developed during testing. Craze lines had also developed in all 17 of the remaining unfractured samples. No VRF occurred after testing unless craze lines were previously present.

Humans↗
PubMed1992

Biocompatibility of retrograde filling materials in the ferret canine. Amalgam and IRM.

Periapical tissue response to retrograde fillings of amalgam and IRM were compared in the mandibular canine of the adult male ferret. Teeth were cleaned and shaped with a standard technique and obturated with gutta-percha. The root apex was then exposed and retrofillings were placed. The animals were grouped according to observation periods of 5, 10, and 15 weeks. At the proper time the animals were killed and the lower canine tooth along with the surrounding bone was removed. The tissue blocks were examined clinically, radiographed, and prepared for histologic examination. The clinical and radiographic examination indicated both materials to be well tolerated by periapical tissues. Microscopic examination of amalgam specimens showed a decrease in inflammation and the formation of a fibrous capsule over the 15-week period. IRM specimens showed persistent inflammation and slower healing potential.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1997

Clinical study of dens evaginatus cases with pulpal involvement.

The objective of the present study was to investigate the incidence, clinical findings, diagnosis and treatment of evaginated teeth with pulpal involvement. Five hundred and three cases requiring endodontically treated premolars were studied at Kaohsiung Medical College Hospital. We observed 23 (4.6%) evaginated teeth with pulpal involvement out of the 503 samples studied here. Of the 23 teeth, mandibular second premolars comprise the largest portion. Clinically, all tubercles of pulpally involved evaginated teeth had been worn down by attrition and all these teeth showed negative response in vitality tests. The study indicated that 17 cases had sinus tracts, 1 tooth had discoloration in crown portion, 1 case had facial asymmetry and 6 teeth had a painful history. Radiographs confirmed that 21 cases had apical or lateral rarefaction, 1 tooth had thickened periodontal ligament and 8 teeth had incomplete root formation. Clinical diagnosis included pulp necrosis (23 cases), acute apical periodontitis (3 cases), chronic apical periodontitis (4 cases), suppurative apical periodontitis (17 cases)and Garrer' osteomyelitis (1 case). After the treatment, 13 teeth showed satisfactory results. The treatment on 2 teeth was failed, 1 tooth had root fracture and 7 teeth had loss of follow-up. We conclude that the evaginated teeth can hence be preserved even if they are pulplly infected and have an incomplete root apex.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Distal movement of mandibular molars in adult patients with the skeletal anchorage system.

The skeletal anchorage system (SAS) consists of titanium anchor plates and monocortical screws that are temporarily placed in either the maxilla or the mandible, or in both, as absolute orthodontic anchorage units. Distalization of the molars has been one of the most difficult biomechanical problems in traditional orthodontics, particularly in adults and in the mandible. However, it has now become possible to move molars distally with the SAS to correct anterior crossbites, maxillary dental protrusion, crowding, and dental asymmetries without having to extract premolars. This study evaluated the treatment and posttreatment changes during and after distalization of the mandibular molars. In 15 adult patients (12 women and 3 men), a total of 29 mandibular molars were successfully distalized with SAS. The amount of distalization and relapse and the type of tooth movement were analyzed with cephalometric radiographs and dental casts. The average amount of distalization of the mandibular first molars was 3.5 mm at the crown level and 1.8 mm at the root level. The average amount of relapse was 0.3 mm at both the crown and root apex levels. Of 29 mandibular molars, 9 were tipped back, and the others were translated distally in accordance with the established treatment goals. SAS is a viable modality to move mandibular molars for distally correcting anterior crossbites, malocclusions characterized by mandibular anterior crowding, and dental asymmetries.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Scanning electron microscopic study of odontoblasts and circumpulpal dentin in a human tooth.

Two combined scanning electron microscopic methods including modified fixative procedures were used for studying the morphologic aspects of the odontoblasts and the corresponding dentinal wall at different endodontic levels. The odontoblasts were tightly packed in the pulp horn, where they assumed pear-shaped profiles and, from crown to apex, successively looked spindle shaped, club shaped, and globular. Their number decreased in the pulp radicular portion, where the interglobular spaces were enlarged. The filling fibrillar material varied from crown to apex. A globular circumpulpal dentin was observed at all levels of the root canal. The tubule openings varied in number and size.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Prognosis of permanent teeth in the line of mandibular fractures.

A total of 45 mandibular fracture patients with 54 teeth in the fracture line were evaluated retrospectively. One tooth in the fracture line was lost in the accident, 6 were extracted later and 47 could be saved (87%). At the follow-up examination 38% of the teeth were diagnosed to have pulp necrosis, which was found more frequently in the older patients and in cases in which the time elapsing between the injury and the follow-up was longer. Pulp necrosis was also more frequent in cases in which the fracture line ran through the apex or dislocation of the fracture parts existed after the injury.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1985

Orthodontic extrusion of single-rooted teeth affected with advanced periodontal disease.

Orthodontic extrusion of teeth with advanced periodontal disease was evaluated in beagle dogs. Surgical destruction of one third to one half of the attachment apparatus and the inducement of chronic periodontal disease was accomplished on the hemisected mesial roots of the mandibular premolars. The roots on one side of the mandible were extruded toward a cemented stainless steel bridge by means of elastics providing 20 to 25 gm of force. The force was examined daily. When extruded teeth came into contact with the bridge, they were ligated in place for 21 days of stabilization. Clinical results showed that control teeth maintained their position and signs of advanced periodontitis. Extruded teeth had shallower pocket depths, less gingival inflammation, and no bleeding on probing. Radiographic evaluation showed no demonstrable changes in the control teeth. Early in the extrusion process, the teeth appeared to be avulsed, with more than three fourths of the root coronal to the alveolar crest. After stabilization, approximately 2 mm of new bone was seen coronal to the original alveolar crest, and the periapical areas had filled in as well. This bone formation was verified histologically. The extruded teeth had an intact attachment apparatus with all components in the same relative position on the teeth as in the controls. However, a shallower sulcus and less gingival inflammation were noted in the extruded teeth. There were statistically significant findings of a wider periodontal ligament space, greater cementum width, and increased bone height in the crestal areas of extruded teeth. Extruded teeth also had less cementum width and greater new bone formation at the apex.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1993

Effect of recapitulation on accuracy of electronically determined canal length.

The accuracy of an electronic apex locator to measure canal length during instrumentation when nonrecapitulated dentin debris is present has not been evaluated. The purposes of this study were (1) to compare actual with electronic canal length before and after instrumentation, and (2) to compare the accuracy of electronic length in recapitulated and nonrecapitulated canals. Actual canal lengths of 30 mature anterior teeth were determined, teeth mounted in an in vitro system, and canal lengths determined with the electronic apex locator. Canals were step-back prepared to a size 35 file. Fifteen canals were recapitulated and the other 15 were not. Canals were dried and lengths again determined with the electronic apex locator. Data showed that for electronically determined versus actual lengths: 1) 63% were longer, 23% equal, and 13% shorter before instrumentation, 2) 30% were longer, 0% equal, and 70% shorter after instrumentation, 3) instrumentation caused a mean shortening of 0.63 mm, and 4) recapitulation of nonpatent canals was necessary to obtain length reading with the electronic apex locator.

Dental Cavity Preparation↗
PubMed2002

Response of erupting human second premolars to blood flow changes.

The effect of infiltration of a vasodilator and a vasoconstrictor [2% lidocaine (lignocaine) without or with 1:100,000 adrenaline (epinephrine)] above the root apex of human second premolars in the prefunctional stage of post-emergent eruption was evaluated for 11 teeth in eight children. On two consecutive days, 30 min of high-resolution data on changes in tooth position were collected for each participant during each of four sessions, two in the afternoon and two in the evening, using an optical instrument based on Moiré magnification with 0.05 microm resolution. The immediate reaction to the 1.8 ml injection was extrusion of the tooth, which lasted 2-4 min. After that, in the majority of teeth receiving a vasodilator, the reaction was an increased rate of eruption. In teeth receiving a vasoconstrictor, a decrease in eruption or intrusion was noted after the initial extrusion. The low-frequency Trentini cycles characteristic of erupting teeth were immediately obliterated in all teeth receiving injections. In the next few minutes, the cycles reappeared in teeth receiving the vasodilator, but did not reappear or reappeared only partially in teeth receiving the vasoconstrictor. It appears that vascular changes can influence the rate of prefunctional post-emergent eruption.

Adolescent↗