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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1996

The experimental verification of the efficacy of finite element modeling to dental implant systems.

In vitro experimental data of angular displacement vs. applied force were obtained on a fully osseointegrated pair of endosseous implants in a mandible of a macaca mulatta monkey. These data are compared with calculated displacement data for a given force from a three-dimensional finite element model reproducing the geometric structure of a portion of the mandible holding the implants. The displacements show agreement over a range of forces in the elastic region within 3%. The FE model yields a full description of the bending of the implant and the distribution of the stress in the bone surrounding the implants.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1997

Guided bone regeneration in dental implant treatment using a bioabsorbable membrane.

The aim of this study was to evaluate an osteopromotive technique, using a bioabsorbable membrane, for its ability to restitute bone over buccal fenestration and dehiscence defects following fixture installation. 11 patients requiring dental implant treatment and exhibiting sufficient vertical height of the maxilla and compromised bucco-palatal dimensions, as determined clinically and radiographically, were included in the study. 17 Brånemark titanium fixtures were placed with buccal defects which were augmented by a bioabsorbable membrane, Resolut. No complications were observed post-operatively. At 6-8 months, abutment connection was performed, and clinical evaluation of the healed defect area was made. The number of exposed buccal threads at fixture installation (median 8; range 2-19), and abutment connection (median 0; range 0-5), respectively, was compared. Out of the 17 fixtures; 14 exhibited complete coverage with bone, whereas 3 showed some remaining threads. A small punch biopsy taken at abutment connection in an area where the membrane had been placed showed a combination of dense connective tissue and bone. Radiographic evaluation of the marginal periimplant bone level is in progress and results to date show a median bone loss of 1.2 mm after a loading period of 4-6 months. Results show that fixture dehiscence and fenestrations, augmented with this bioabsorbable membrane, demonstrate a highly significant amount of new bone formation.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Endoscopic retrieval of dental implants from the maxillary sinus.

Endoscopic sinus surgery has been performed for various indications in maxillofacial surgical practices. It has been utilized for assessment of antral pathologies, removal of foreign bodies, orthognathic procedures, and treatment of facial fractures. In the cases presented, 3 dental implants which were displaced into maxillary sinuses were removed by endoscopic sinus surgery. Transantral endoscopic surgery is a reliable, minimally invasive method for retrieving displaced objects from the maxillary antrum with minimal complications.

Dental Implants↗
PubMed1997

A comparative study of flexible (Polyactive) versus rigid (hydroxylapatite) permucosal dental implants. II. Histological aspects.

Of the many materials that are applied in dental implantology, most have a high Young's modulus. In the concept of osseointegration, which is generally preferred, chewing forces are therefore directly transmitted from rigid implant materials to the relatively flexible surrounding bone. Polyactive is an elastomeric polyethylene-oxide polybutylene-terephthalate (PEO:PBT) copolymer, with a low modulus of elasticity, that exhibits bone-bonding characteristics. Previous finite-element analysis emphasized the benefit of the application of flexible implant materials. To assess the validity of this finite element model, one dense and two porous types of flexible Polyactive permucosal dental implants and one rigid hydroxylapatite (HA) implant were clinically tested in a beagle dog study and were compared during 30 weeks of loading. In an earlier report, it was concluded that dense Polyactive implants function clinically adequately and resemble the mobility of natural teeth. In the current study, the amount of bone contact was quantitatively assessed. Polyactive implants showed a statistically significantly higher bone contact, as compared to the HA implants, probably due to a significant water uptake and a subsequent increase in the volume of the denser Polyactive. Morphological analysis, based on back-scatter electron microscopy and light microscopy, revealed little remodelling activity of the bone surrounding the Polyactive implants. Few remodelling lacunae were seen and de novo bone formation was rarely observed. At some locations, a continuity between calcification zones with the polymer surface and the surrounding interfacial bone was observed, indicating the occurrence of bone-bonding. Also, the bone surrounding the HA implants showed little remodelling activity, although large resorption lacunae were observed, in which HA particles were present. Based on the observations of this study, flexible bone bonding implants might be more capable of transferring stresses to the surrounding bone and are therefore promising alternatives to "routine' rigid implants.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMed1999

Dental implants. 7. Basic restorative techniques.

Some restorative techniques for implant supported restorations will be familiar to dentists used to providing conventional crown and bridgework. The differences and principles involved when using implants are identified.

Dental Abutments↗
PubMed2005

Dental implants in patients with orofacial clefts: a long-term follow-up study.

Aim of this study was to determine the success of implants that were inserted in patients with cleft of the lip, alveolus and palate (CLAP) and to identify prognosis-relevant factors. In a prospective evaluation, 75 implants inserted in combination with bone grafting at cleft sites of 45 patients were examined. The observation period extended 5.5 years in average (minimum 1.5, maximum 11.3 years). Implant success was evaluated clinically and radiographically and was compared to age- and gender-matched control groups. Statistic assessment included Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, Log rank tests and Cox regression analysis. In total, 10 implants were lost in 8 patients, resulting in an implant survival rate of 82.2% at the end of the observation period. Patient-related parameters of age, gender or type of cleft had no significant influence. The length of an implant was significantly related to an improved survival rate (P<0.01). Implant survival was less in CLAP patients when compared to implant insertions in a non-cleft control group, but improved when compared to patients with bone grafting for other indications. It is concluded that implants combined with bone grafting can offer a reliable alternative in patients with CLAP.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2000

Effect of early exposure on the integration of dental implants in the baboon: Part 1--Clinical findings at uncovering.

There has been increased discussion on the advantages of a one- versus a two-stage surgical approach in the placement of dental endosseous implants. This study evaluated the influence of early implant exposure on crestal bone height adjacent to the implant surface and Periotest values at uncovering in the baboon. Forty-eight implants (24 commercially pure titanium, 24 titanium alloy) were placed in maxillary and mandibular posterior sites in 6 baboons. Implant exposure was evaluated weekly for 3 weeks after implant placement. The level of bone adjacent to the dental implants was measured at placement from the top of the implant collar to the crest of the bone at the mesial, distal, buccal, and lingual surfaces. The maxillary sites were measured again at a 6-month uncovering, while the mandibular sites were measured at a 3-month uncovering. Periotest readings were also recorded at uncovering. Early implant exposure was more common in the mandible, with the majority occurring by the second week postplacement. There were no significant differences in the crestal bone height changes at uncovering between the pure titanium and alloy implants in either arch. In the maxilla, the changes in crestal bone height were not statistically different between exposed and nonexposed implants at any aspect. In the mandible, the difference in 3-month changes between exposed and nonexposed implants was significant for the distal, buccal, and lingual aspects. The overall percentage of implants with a Periotest reading in the "good" category was greater for the nonexposed sites as compared to exposed sites. The results of this study suggest that the two-stage surgical approach results in a better clinical outcome as compared to the one-stage approach in the baboon model.

Alveolar Process↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical and radiographic behaviour of 290 dental implants with a surface treated with hydrofluoric acid and passivated with hydrofluoric and nitric acid: early loading results after 2 years.

OBJECTIVE: This work presents the results of clinical and radiological behaviour, for 2 years, of 290 implants treated with a first etching with HF and a second etching with HF and HNO3 acids and that were loaded 8 weeks after insertion. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN: It is a prospective study on 290 implants placed in 56 patients with an age range from 28 to 81. The selection was previously made through radiological study with panoramic and tomographic radiographs, followed by the implantological treatment with prosthetic loading and clinical (15 days, 1, 3 , 6, 12, 18 and 24 months) and radiological control (12 and 24 months). RESULTS: During the healing period, 11 implants failed, resulting in a CSR of 96.21%. After prostheses placement at 2 months, 4 implants were retired, successfully remaining 275 implants. CONCLUSIONS: The following and favourable results after the prosthetic loading of 179 implants (CSR of 98.56%), attest that early loading may and must be applied, after rigorous planning and case selection.

Acid Etching, Dental↗
PubMed2004

[Secondary adentia and dental implantation (epidemiological and sociological study by a telephone interview method)].

Epidemiological research of partial secondary adentia was done by means of telephone interviewing the population of city of Samara (1104 persons are interrogated). Prevalence and intensity of the disease in various age groups, and also average indices for all adult population are established. The share of the persons requiring for dental prosthetics among patients with defects of dental lines is determined. The same method investigates awareness of the population about dental implantation, and also the estimation is given to public opinion on treatment with the use of implants.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

Finite element analysis of different bone substitutes in the bone defects around dental implants.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the distribution of stress and strain for the evaluation of implant and graft stability at each stage before stabilization of the graft is achieved after implantation was performed. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Dembone (Pacific Coast Tissue Bank, Los Angeles, CA), Bio-Oss (Geistlich Pharma, Wolhusen, Switzerland), particulate dentin, and plaster of Paris were used to fill bone defects. The distribution of stress was compared in the mandible and maxilla, between vertical load and load applied at 30 degrees angle, and according to time, with 3 different graft materials. RESULTS: Stress occurred more when it was applied at an angle, rather than applied vertically. Stress was relatively high immediately after implantation, and particulate dentin-plaster of Paris showed larger mechanical properties and lower stress distribution overall. The largest stress distribution was shown when stress was applied at an angle when demineralized freeze-dried bone was used. The pattern of stress distribution was different according to differences in the mechanical properties of implants. CONCLUSION: Caution is needed not to apply stress at an angle immediately after implantation. Differences of stress were reduced with time as the implant became stabilized.

Adult↗
PubMed2005

Short dental implants: a literature review and rationale for use.

Implant prostheses are often used to restore partially or completely edentulous patients. The posterior regions of the mouth often have less available bone height than the anterior regions. The bone density of the remaining bone after tooth loss is often less in the posterior regions than the anterior region of the mouth. A review of the literature reveals implants shorter than 10 mm often have a higher failure rate than longer implants. These complications may be related to an increase in crown height, higher bite forces in the posterior regions, and less bone density. As a result, biomechanical methods to decrease stresses to the implant-bone interface are warranted. The forces to the implants may be reduced by eliminating lateral contacts in mandibular excursions and eliminating cantilevers on the prosthesis. The area of forces applied to the prosthesis may be increased by increasing the implant number, increasing the implant diameter, increasing the implant design surface area, and splinting the implants together. As a result of these biomechanical methods to decrease stress, Misch, et al reported a 99% implant survival with 7-mm and 9-mm implants in the posterior regions of the jaws. It is interesting to note that the natural teeth follow a similar biomechanical approach to accommodate the higher bite forces in the posterior regions of the mouth. The molar teeth do not become longer than the anterior teeth. The diameter is increased, the design of the roots is different, and the roots are splinted together. The anterior teeth have incisal guidance and eliminate posterior lateral forces to the posterior teeth in all mandibular excursions. A similar biomechanical approach is logical for posterior implants, especially when shorter implants are used to support the prosthesis.

Alveolar Bone Loss↗
PubMed1988

Dental implant retrieval analyses.

The evolution of surgical implant devices has been dependent upon a multidisciplinary coordination between the basic and applied biological and physical sciences. In this regard, engineering failure analyses of retrieved prostheses represent a significant contribution. Dental implant retrieval studies have provided guidance for biomaterials, designs and biomechanical function, specialized surface treatments for controlling tissue responses, and associated surgical, periodontal, and restorative regimes. The recent expansion of design concepts and restorative procedures places a new emphasis on the need for interrelated prospective laboratory, laboratory animal, and human device investigations. Retrospective retrieval analyses continue to provide guidance with regard to key concept development and the formulation of important questions and hypotheses for future investigations.

Biocompatible Materials↗
PubMed2003

Rhinorrhea induced by loading of dental implants supporting an obturator prosthesis: a clinical report.

This clinical report describes an unusual situation of nasal discharge that was initially considered to be caused by a leaking obturator prosthesis in a partially repaired cleft palate patient. Ultimately, the diagnosis was rhinorrhea induced by the loading of dental implants that supported the obturator. The differential diagnoses of nasal irritation, blocking of nasal drainage posterior or anterior through a premaxillary defect, vasomotor rhinitis, and gustatory rhinorrhea are presented and discussed, as well as the measures taken to reach the final diagnosis.

Aged↗
PubMed1990

The longitudinal clinical effectiveness of osseointegrated dental implants: the Toronto study. Part III: Problems and complications encountered.

Two hundred seventy-four implants were placed in 49 dental of 46 consecutively treated patients. The success rate for individual implants in this study, 4 to 9 years after placement, was 89.05% and for the prosthetic treatment it was 100%. Problems, and complications were observed and recorded at stage I surgery, between stage I and stage II surgery, at stage II surgery, and in the healing period that followed. Also noted were the complications subsequent to prosthodontic treatment and during the years of follow-up. Virtually al of the problems encountered were iatrogenic in nature. These clinical results indicate a safe retrievable technique with negligible associated morbidity.

Dental Implantation, Endosseous↗