SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Lung function”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources

PubMed1980

Improvement of lung function in a scleroderma patient treated for 12 months with cyclofenil.

A 48 year old male scleroderma patient with typical impairment of respiratory function, including low vital capacity, low static lung compliance and low diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide, was treated with cyclofenil for one year. Assessment of lung function after 3, 6 and 12 months treatment showed marked improvement of vital capacity, increased physical working capacity, less hypoxia at maximum work, increase of static lung compliance and decreases of maximal transpulmonary pressure. Closing capacity decreased, and an increase in difussing capacity for carbon monoxide was seen.

Cresols↗

PubMed2002

Lung function of school children with low levels of alpha1-antitrypsin and tobacco smoke exposure.

Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and other air pollutants has been associated with small decrements in lung function. The susceptibility to pollution exposure may, however, vary substantially between individuals. Children with an impaired protease-antiprotease balance may be particularly vulnerable. Therefore this study aimed to investigate the effects of ETS exposure on children with reduced levels of alpha1-antitrypsin (alpha1-AT). Random samples of school children (aged 9-11 yrs) (n=3,526) were studied according to the International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood (ISAAC) phase II protocol, including parental questionnaires, pulmonary function and allergy testing. Blood samples were obtained to measure plasma levels of alpha1-AT and to genotype for pleomorphic protein inhibitor (Pi)Z and PiS alleles. Children with low levels of alpha1-AT (< or = 116 mg x dL(-1)) showed significant, albeit small decrements in baseline lung function. When exposed to ETS, pronounced decrements of pulmonary function, particularly in measures of mid- to end-expiratory flow rates, were seen in these children as compared to exposed children with normal levels of alpha1-AT. The mean levels of % predicted+/-SE in both groups were: maximum expiratory flow at 50% of vital capacity 79.4+/-7.2 versus 99.0+/-1.5, maximum expiratory flow at 25% of vital capacity 67.4+/-10.0 versus 100.3+/-2.1, maximal midexpiratory flow 73.7+/-8.6 versus 99.9+/-1.7. These findings suggest that school children with low levels of alpha1-antitrypsin are at risk of developing pronounced decrements in pulmonary function, particularly if they are exposed to environmental tobacco smoke. Parents of children with heterozygous alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency resulting in significantly reduced blood concentrations should be advised to prevent their children from being exposed to environmental tobacco smoke and dissuade them from taking up smoking.

Child↗

PubMed1994

Effect of addition of exercise to chest physiotherapy on sputum expectoration and lung function in adults with cystic fibrosis.

Promotion of sputum expectoration by chest physiotherapy is an essential part of cystic fibrosis management. The role of exercise in improving sputum expectoration and lung function in these patients is more contentious. We therefore investigated the effect of adding an exercise programme to conventional chest physiotherapy in eight adult subjects (four male) with cystic fibrosis. Subjects were treated on two non-consecutive days of the second week of a course of in-patient antibiotic therapy in a cross-over fashion. On the exercise and physiotherapy day, subjects exercised 60 min before physiotherapy. On the physiotherapy alone day, subjects rested for 60 min instead of exercising. Physiotherapy was administered on both study days (postural drainage, percussion, deep breathing, vibrations, forced expiratory technique and coughing). Lung function tests were performed at baseline, after exercise or rest and again immediately and 30 min after physiotherapy. Sputum weights were measured in the 60 min of exercise or rest (period A) and for the 60 min physiotherapy period and 30 min after physiotherapy (period B). Mean total sputum expectoration (period A and B) was 14 g on physiotherapy alone and 21.5 g (4.8) on exercise and physiotherapy (mean difference 7.5 g, 95% CI 1.4-13.6 g, P = 0.02). Mean sputum weights during period A (i.e. rest vs. exercise) on physiotherapy alone and exercise and physiotherapy were 2.6 and 7 g respectively (mean difference 4.4 g, 95% CI-0.07-8.8 g, P = 0.053).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Tracking of lung function parameters and the longitudinal relationship with lifestyle.

The purpose of this study was to analyse tracking (i.e. relative stability over time/predictability of future values by early measurements) of lung function parameters and their longitudinal relationship with lifestyle (smoking, alcohol consumption, daily physical activity, neuromotor and cardiopulmonary fitness, and dietary intake of retinol and polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA)). Data were obtained from the observational Amsterdam Growth and Health Study, a longitudinal study with six repeated measurements between ages 13-27 yrs (n=167). The statistical analyses were carried out with generalized estimating equations. The following "stability" coefficients were found: for forced vital capacity (FVC) in males 0.66 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.54-0.77) and in females 0.51 (95% CI: 0.43-0.60); for forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) in males 0.65 (95% CI: 0.50-0.80), in females 0.53 (95% CI 0.46-0.60); for peak expiratory flow (PEF) in both males and females 0.41 (95% CI: 0.31-0.51). Positive relationships were found between alcohol consumption and FVC and FEV1 and between neuromotor fitness and PEF and (only for males) with FVC and FEV1. Physical activity was inversely related to PEF and the intake of PUFA positively related to FVC and FEV1. Smoking was related to a decrease in FVC and FEV1; changes in physical activity positively correlated to changes in FVC. In conclusion, high to moderate stability/tracking was observed for forced vital capacity and forced expiratory volume in one second; for peak expiratory flow it was slightly lower. Preventive strategies regarding improvements of lung function should focus on smoking cessation and improving daily physical activity.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2005

Measuring end-expiratory lung volume and pulmonary mechanics to detect early lung function impairment in rabbits.

We investigated whether end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) or lung mechanical parameters are more sensitive for the detection of a compromised gas exchange during bronchoconstriction and after surfactant depletion. EELV was determined via SF(6) multiple breath wash-outs in mechanically ventilated rabbits while a positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) of 1, 3 or 7 cm H(2)O was maintained. Airway resistance (R(aw)) and parenchymal elastance (H) were estimated from the pulmonary input impedance measured at each PEEP level by means of forced oscillations. Measurements were repeated during i.v. methacholine (MCh) infusions and following lung injury induced by saline lavage. MCh induced marked elevations in R(aw), with no significant change in EELV or H at any PEEP. After lavage, the severity of hypoxia was reflected systematically in significant decreases in EELV at all PEEP levels (-42+/-13%, -26+/-4%, and -18+/-5% at 1, 3 and 7 cm H(2)O, respectively), whereas compromised gas exchange was not associated with consistent changes in the mechanical parameters at a PEEP of 7 cm H(2)O (20+/-9% and 14+/-9% in R(aw) and H, respectively; p=0.2). We conclude that R(aw) is the only sensitive indicator for the detection of a compromised lung function during MCh infusions, whereas the estimation of EELV is necessary to follow the progression of a lung injury when a high PEEP level is applied.

Airway Resistance↗

PubMed2001

Cumulative exposure to dust causes accelerated decline in lung function in tunnel workers.

OBJECTIVES: To examine whether underground construction workers exposed to tunnelling pollutants over a follow up period of 8 years have an increased risk of decline in lung function and respiratory symptoms compared with reference subjects working outside the tunnel atmosphere, and relate the findings to job groups and cumulative exposure to dust and gases. METHODS: 96 Tunnel workers and a reference group of 249 other heavy construction workers were examined in 1991 and re-examined in 1999. Exposure measurements were carried out to estimate personal cumulative exposure to total dust, respirable dust, alpha-quartz, oil mist, and nitrogen dioxide. The subjects answered a questionnaire on respiratory symptoms and smoking habits, performed spirometry, and had chest radiographs taken. Radiological signs of silicosis were evaluated (International Labour Organisation (ILO) classification). Atopy was determined by a multiple radioallergosorbent test (RAST). RESULTS: The mean exposure to respirable dust and alpha-quartz in tunnel workers varied from 1.2-3.6 mg/m3 (respirable dust) and 0.019-0.044 mg/m3 (alpha-quartz) depending on job task performed. Decrease in forced expiratory volume in 1 second (FEV1) was associated with cumulative exposure to respirable dust (p<0.001) and alpha-quartz (p=0.02). The multiple regression model predicted that in a worker 40 years of age, the annual decrease in FEV1 would be 25 ml in a non-exposed non-smoker, 35 ml in a non-exposed smoker, and 50-63 ml in a non-smoking tunnel worker (depending on job). Compared with the reference group the odds ratio for the occurrence of new respiratory symptoms during the follow up period was increased in the tunnel workers and associated with cumulative exposure to respirable dust. CONCLUSIONS: Cumulative exposures to respirable dust and alpha-quartz are the most important risk factors for airflow limitation in underground heavy construction workers, and cumulative exposure to respirable dust is the most important risk factor for respiratory symptoms. The finding of accelerated decline in lung function in tunnel workers suggests that better control of exposures is needed.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

Budgerigar fancier's lung. The persistence of budgerigar precipitins and the recovery of lung function after cessation of avian exposure.

Forty-eight budgerigar fanciers have been studied and twenty-five (52%) of these lost their serum budgerigar precipitins after cessation of avian exposure. Twenty (80%) subjects lost their precipitins within 2 years. The lung function was assessed serially in seventeen patients with allergic alveolitis and correlated with the persistence of their serum precipitins. There was no difference in the lung function at presentation or in the incidence of complete recovery between the ten subjects, whose precipitins persisted for longer than 2 years, and the seven individuals in whom the precipitins had disappeared within this time. These observations suggest that budgerigar precipitins do not have a major role to play in the continuing pathogenesis of allergic alveolitis.

Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗

PubMed2005

Impairment of lung function, health status and functional capacity in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of lung involvement on respiratory function in patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis and the relation to impaired health status. METHODS: Thirty patients with ANCA-associated vasculitis in remission (15 with lung involvement at diagnosis as determined by an abnormal chest X-ray) were examined. We measured lung function, skeletal muscle strength [quadriceps force (QF), respiratory muscle strength (Pi(max))], exercise capacity (VO(2) peak) using treadmill exercise tests, and health status using the Short Form 36 and St George's respiratory questionnaires. RESULTS: Exercise capacity was reduced compared with predicted values (58.2%, range 23-123%) and 18 patients showed functional aerobic impairment. Respiratory muscle function was reduced (72.1% predicted, range 20-108%) and was not related to lung involvement or steroid usage. Transfer factor correlated significantly with exercise capacity, suggesting inadequate delivery of oxygen to muscles. Nine patients had reduced transfer factor (seven with lung involvement). Patients with lung involvement had impaired gas transfer compared with those without lung involvement (96.9 +/- 6 vs 113.3 +/- 4.7% predicted, P = 0.04). However, there were significant abnormalities in other lung function parameters not related to previous lung involvement (eight patients had reduced forced expiratory volume in 1 s, and five patients had reduced residual volume). Twelve patients (five with previous lung involvement) had obstructive airways disease. Physical health status was impaired to a greater degree than mental health status across the whole group and was not related to lung involvement or original disease severity, but correlated with transfer factor. CONCLUSION: Patients with ANCA-associated disease may have significant lung function impairment irrespective of lung involvement at the time of diagnosis. Patients showed reduced respiratory muscle strength, health status and exercise capacity, which correlated with reduced transfer factor.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Lung function measurements in young children with spinal muscle atrophy; a cross sectional survey on the effect of position and bracing.

BACKGROUND: Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA) affects respiratory muscles, which in addition to progressive scoliosis leads to respiratory impairment. Children with developing scoliosis are usually treated with spinal bracing to delay the progress. AIMS: To assess the impact of body position and application of spinal bracing on lung function during tidal breathing in children with SMA. METHODS: Lung function was determined by tidal flow volume loops and passive respiratory mechanics (single breath occlusion technique) in all eight children in southern Norway with SMA type I and II, in both the sitting and supine position. Additional measurements were performed with and without bracing in five children. Muscle strength was assessed by the Brooks scale. RESULTS: Tidal expiratory volume (V(E)) and compliance of the respiratory system (CRS) tended to be higher in the sitting compared to the supine position, but this was not statistically significant. However, applying bracing in the sitting position significantly reduced V(E). The highest values of CRS and V(E) were found in the sitting position without bracing. CONCLUSION: Impairment of tidal respiration must be considered when applying spinal bracing in very young children developing scoliosis with SMA.

Braces↗

PubMed2000

Effect of exposure to dust on lung function of cement factory workers.

Exposure to Portland cement dust has long been associated with the prevalence of respiratory symptoms and varying degrees of airway obstruction in man. Apart from respiratory diseases, it was also found to be the cause of lung and laryngeal cancer, gastrointestinal tumours and also dermatitis. This study was done to investigate the effect of dust exposure on ventilatory lung function of Portland cement factory workers in Rawang, Selangor. Spirometry tests of 62 male workers (exposed to total dust concentration of 10,180 micrograms/m3 and PM10 of 8049 micrograms/m3) and 70 subjects from UPM (exposed to mean total dust of 192 micrograms/m3 and PM10 of 177 micrograms/m3--controls) revealed significant differences in spirometry values between the groups. The workers showed i) significantly lower FEV1% and FEF25-75%, and higher FMFT, ii) reduced FEV1% with increasing level of dust exposure and iii) higher prevalence of respiratory symptoms. Therefore, we suggest that exposure to dust in the cement factory leads to higher incidence of respiratory symptoms and impaired lung function.

Dust↗

PubMed1983

Long-term effects of exposure to sulfur dioxide. Lung function four years after a pyrite dust explosion.

The lung function of 7 men accidentally exposed to sulfur dioxide (SO2) in a pyrite dust explosion was followed for 4 yr. The greatest decrease in forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in one second, and maximal midexpiratory flow was observed 1 wk after the accident. After about 3 months no further decrement occurred. The pattern of spirometric findings was obstructive in 6 and restrictive in 1 of the patients. Four years after the accident a reversible obstruction of the bronchi was still observable in 3. Four patients reacted positively to the histamine challenge test. Two patients either did not respond to bronchodilator or did not react to histamine. The results suggest that bronchial hyperreactivity is a frequent sequela after exposure to high concentrations of SO2. The hyperreactivity may persist for several years.

Accidents, Occupational↗

PubMed2004

Dose responses of years of exposure on lung functions in flour mill workers.

Flour dust is a heterogeneous substance with respiratory sensitizing properties; its long-term exposure may cause acute or chronic respiratory diseases. Therefore, the aim was to investigate the dose response effects of flour dust on lung function. An additional objective was to minimize the potential health risks in flour mill workers by providing them with information about the hazards of flour dust. Pulmonary function was studied in forty-six male flour mill workers who worked without the benefit of flour dust control ventilation or respiratory protective devices and a similar number of male control subjects. All participants were non-smokers and were matched for age, height, weight and socio-economic status. Pulmonary function tests were performed by using an electronic Spirometer and results were compared by a paired t-test. The present study results showed a significant decrease in the mean values of FVC, FEV(1), PEF and MVV and this impairment was increased with duration of exposure in the flour mills. This group of flour mill workers had occupationally related pulmonary function impairment and stratification of results showed a dose response of years of exposure in flour mills on lung function.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[Screening and detailed study of lung function in patients with pulmonary pathology].

Screening investigation of the lung function should be performed in all tuberculosis institutions while its detailed investigation should be performed in regional, territory and republican dispensaries. The minimum allowable scope of physiological information in screening investigations includes the main spirometric indices. More complete and consequently more desirable scope of information includes the main spirometric indices and the data on the curves of the flow-volume of forced expiration. Spirometry, registration of the curves of the flow-volume of forced expiration, determination of residual and total lung capacity, measuring of the gaseous levels, estimation of the blood acid-base equilibrium and pharmacological and loading tests are the obligatory investigations for regional, territory and republican dispensaries.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Lung function measured by impulse oscillometry and spirometry following eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation.

BACKGROUND: The efficacy of impulse oscillometry (IOS) to measure airway calibre change is not fully established. OBJECTIVES: To evaluate lung function change after eucapnic voluntary hyperventilation (EVH), and to compare IOS indices with spirometric maximal expiratory flow measurements. METHODS: Twenty subjects (10 airway hyperresponsive [AHR+] and 10 normal [AHR--]) underwent IOS and spirometry before and for 15 min after 6 min EVH (inhaling 5% CO2, 21% O2, balance N2) at a target ventilation of 30 times the baseline value of the forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) at 20 degrees C. AHR+ was defined by a fall in FEV1 of 10% or greater from baseline after a provoking challenge. Airway resistance at 5 Hz (R5), reactance at 5 Hz, resonant frequency (Fres), area of reactance integrated from 5 Hz to Fres (AX), and FEV1 were determined. RESULTS: No baseline spirometry values correlated with falls in FEV1. Baseline R5 and AX values correlated with peak falls in FEV1 (r= -0.51 and -0.46, respectively; P< 0.05). AHR+ subjects demonstrated greater per cent peak falls in FEV1 than did AHR- subjects following EVH (30.6 +/- 14.0% versus 7.5 +/- 2.6%, respectively; P<0.05). Changes in R5, Fres, reactance and AX were greater for AHR+ subjects than for AHR- subjects and correlated with a fall in FEV1 (r= -0.74, -0.70, 0.69 and -0.73, respectively; P<0.05). At a designated specificity of 80%, the per cent change in R5 (50% or greater) and post-EVH AX (12 cm H2O/L or greater) yielded sensitivities to a 10% fall in FEV1 of 90%. CONCLUSION: IOS is an acceptable measure to determine AHR and can supplement spirometry in lung function evaluation.

Adult↗

PubMed1988

Lung function disturbances versus respiratory muscle fatigue in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus.

In 23 consecutive patients (mean age, 38.6 years) with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and in 17 healthy subjects (mean age, 37.5 years) fatigue of respiratory (diaphragm, musculi intercostales externi) and leg muscles (musculus gastrocnemius) was determined comparatively by electromyography. Additionally, routine lung function parameters, including maximum inspiratory (PImax) and expiratory (PEmax) mouth pressures, were measured. The SLE patients showed lower values of vital capacity (VC), total lung capacity (TLC), thoracic gas volume (TGV), FEV1, PImax and PEmax than the healthy controls, while FEV1/VC, residual volume and specific airway conductance were not significantly different in either group. Lung compliance, corrected for TGV, was normal in the SLE group. Breathing through stenoses with increasing resistances resulted in fatigue of the diaphragm in 73% of the SLE group and in 41% of the control group. The corresponding values of the external intercostal muscles were 74% (SLE group) and 29% (control group). Electromyographic signs of respiratory and leg muscle fatigue occurred at lower loads in the SLE group than in the healthy subjects. The pattern of lung function data in patients with SLE was characteristic neither of lung restriction nor of airway obstruction. Respiratory muscle weakness can explain the decrease in TLC, VC, TGV, FEV1, PImax and PEmax.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

[Effects of oxitropium bromide on exercise and lung function in patients with pulmonary emphysema].

Anticholinergic drugs have been reported to be effective in pulmonary emphysema. We studied the effects of the anticholinergic drug oxitropium bromide on exercise capacity and lung function in patients with this disease. We studied 11 men and 1 women, aged 69.3 +/- 4.5 yrs, in whom chest radiography showed pulmonary emphysema. Before and after the subjects inhaled two puffs of oxitropium bromide, they walked in a corridor for 12 minutes, and the distance they walked and spirometric data were recorded. FVC and FEV1 were significantly higher after inhalation of the drug. FEV1% did not change, and the distance walked increased slightly. We also studied symptoms and peak expiratory flow rate in 37 patients with pulmonary emphysema before and after the start of therapy with inhaled oxitropium bromide. Symptom scores of wheezing and sleep improved, and peak expiratory flows increased significantly. We conclude that inhaled oxitropium bromide can improve lung function and slightly increase exercise capacity in patients with pulmonary emphysema. These effects may be caused by bronchodilation-induced increases in FEV1 and FVC. Monitoring of peak expiratory flow in patients with pulmonary emphysema may be useful for evaluating the clinical effectiveness of oxitropium bromide.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

Efficacy of fluticasone propionate on lung function and symptoms in wheezy infants.

The role of inhaled corticosteroids in the treatment of recurrent or persistent wheeze in infancy remains unclear. We evaluated the effect of 3 months of treatment with inhaled fluticasone propionate, 200 microg daily (FP200), on lung function and symptom scores in wheezy infants. Moreover, we evaluated whether infants with atopy and/or eczema respond better to FP200 as compared with non-atopic infants. Forced expiratory flow (Vmax(FRC)) was measured at baseline and after treatment. Sixty-five infants were randomized to receive FP200 or placebo, and 62 infants (mean age, 11.3 months) completed the study. Mean Vmax(FRC), expressed as a Z score, was significantly below normal at baseline and after treatment in both groups. The change from baseline of Vmax(FRC) was not different between the two treatment arms. After 6 weeks of treatment, and not after 13 weeks, the FP200 group had a significantly higher percentage of symptom-free days and a significant reduction in mean daily cough score compared with placebo. Separate analysis of treatment effect in infants with atopy or eczema showed no effect modification. We conclude that in wheezy infants, after 3 months of treatment with fluticasone, there was no improvement in lung function and no reduction in respiratory symptoms compared with placebo.

Administration, Inhalation↗

PubMed1995

Lung functions in malnourished children aged five to eleven years.

Lung functions including FVC, FEV1, PEFR, %FEV1/FVC and Empey Index were measured using P.K. Morgan's pocket spirometer on 122 children of both sexes in the age group of five to eleven years. There were 80 (65.57%) malnourished children according to the Indian Academy of Pediatrics classification. FVC and FEV1 were significantly (p < 0.02) reduced in malnourished children. FVC (r = 0.67, p < 0.001), FEV1 (r = 0.68, p < 0.001) and PEFR (r = 0.53, p < 0.001) showed linear relationship with body surface area in all age groups. Empey index was less than 10 in both healthy and malnourished children. Abnormal respiratory functions should be interpreted with caution in malnourished children.

Body Surface Area↗