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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

On the possibility of 'real-time' Monte Carlo calculations for the estimation of absorbed dose in radioimmunotherapy.

Dosimetry calculations of monoclonal antibodies (MABs) are made difficult because the focus of radioactivity is targeted for a nonstandard volume in a nonstandard geometry, precluding straightforward application of the MIRD formalism. The MABDOS software addresses this shortcoming by interactive placement of a spherical perturbation into the Standard Man geometry for each tumor focus. S tables are calculated by a Monte Carlo simulation of photon transport for each organ system (including tumor) that localizes activity. Performance benchmarks are reported that measure the time required to simulate 60,000 photons for each penetrating radiation in the spectrum of 99mTc and 131I using the kidney as source organ. Results indicate that calculation times are probably prohibitive on current microcomputer platforms. Mini and supercomputers offer a realistic platform for MABDOS patient dosimetry estimates.

Antibodies, Monoclonal↗
PubMed1989

A program running under MS-DOS for the analysis of epidemiologic stratified or matched data.

Breslow and Day's method for computing the conditional likelihood of the logistic model in case of stratified samples requires, at each iteration the generation, for each stratum, of all the permutations of nc elements drawn from a total of nc + nt elements, where nc and nt are respectively the numbers of the cases and of the controls. This procedure rapidly proves costly in time as nc and nt increase, and also when nc and nt differ from one stratum to the next. The use of this technique on microcomputers is therefore limited. Presented here is an algorithm written in FORTRAN, based on a binary representation of the possible permutations, which readily permits the implementation of Breslow and Day's model on a microcomputer.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1989

Extension of Fisher's exact test to 2-by-k contingency tables: a computer program in BASIC.

A randomisation method of analysis for 2 X k contingency table data has been developed. This method, which is based on the fundamental principle of Fisher's exact probability test, gives a more accurate evaluation of the significance probability than does the chi-square test, especially when the sample size is small. A listing from the computer program in BASIC to carry out the 'exact probability test' for analysis of 2 X k contingency table data is available from the authors.

Probability↗
PubMed1989

dNA: a simple dBASE program for medical studies.

The dNA program is an entirely self-contained package consisting of dBASE programs and files, that can be used by an analyst with some dBASE experience to integrate multiple dBASE files into a simple, coherent system. Only minimal training is required for a naive user to operate the resulting system. The source file for creating a system also serves as the system documentation. Consistency and validity checks can be built in, and system modifications are quite simple.

Database Management Systems↗
PubMed1989

A BASIC program for the estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters by the direct linear plot.

The use of manual graphical methods for the estimation of Michaelis-Menten kinetic parameters as recommended by Eisenthal and Cornish-Bowden (Biochem. J. 139 (1974) 715-720) was found to be impractical for large (n greater than 5) sample numbers. A BASIC program providing the rank ordered coordinates of intersections, which correspond to estimates of Km and Vmax in the direct linear plot method, is described.

Cytochrome P-450 Enzyme System↗
PubMed1989

A microcomputer program to calculate elemental analysis of peptides.

A BASIC program is presented that calculates the elemental analysis of peptides given their primary sequence. This program is aimed to help synthetic chemists in the characterization of their products. The program runs on any IBM-compatible computer with the MS-DOS operating system, version 2.0 or greater, and the results are printable on any connected printer.

Elements↗
PubMed1989

Computer-assisted predictive mathematical relationship among electroshock voltage and duration and occurrence of convulsion in mice.

A microcomputer program in BASIC for predicting percentage of occurrence of electroshock-induced convulsion in mice was designed. A formula published by the author to express the mathematical relationship among the drug dose, the time, and the biological response was used in this program. Analysis of the actual, and the computer-assisted predicted percentages of occurrence of convulsion has shown that the program is fairly accurate in expressing convulsion response of mice as a function of the voltage and the duration.

Animals↗
PubMed1989

Database interface for digital calipers.

With emphasis on an advanced user interface this program was designed to collect measurements from digital sliding calipers and micrometers for subsequent inclusion into a database. The original project was measurements of dental casts, but the general nature of the program makes it adaptable to fields as diverse as medicine, archaeology and industrial quality control. The gain realized, compared to earlier manual methods, is a substantial reduction of the time spent on actual measuring, as the error-prone scale reading and handling of the results (writing down, entering, etc.) have been made superfluous. The CALIPER program runs on suitably equipped IBM personal computers while digital instruments, gauge blocks and multiplexer interface are supplied by Mitutoyo Co.

Dental Casting Technique↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cell cycle simulation for flow cytometry.

A program has been implemented on a VAX computer that simulates the progression of cells through the cell cycle and generates data similar to those obtained in flow cytometry with different techniques. Features of the program are general applicability and flexibility, options including consideration of (a) mean duration of cell cycle phases, (b) their inter-cell distribution, (c) a first order commitment from G0 into G1 phase, and (d) a total or partial block of the output from any phase. Examples are given of simulated flow cytometric experiments of drug-induced cell cycle perturbation and of bromodeoxyuridine pulse labeling. This program should help to acquire a correct understanding of the relationship between kinetic features and flow cytometric data.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

A computer program for the statistical analysis of cancer inhibition/promotion experiments.

The computer program discussed and presented in this paper is designed for the statistical analysis of data from cancer inhibition/promotion experiments that involve Type I censoring. The theoretical derivation of the method is described in Biometrics 43 (1987) 525-534 and Appl. Math. Lett. 1 (1988) 197-201. Turbo Pascal is used to compute maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters of interest: the mean number of induced tumors per animal, and the mean time to tumor detection. The program conducts a likelihood ratio test to determine if there is an overall experiment effect, and allows the user to select options to isolate the pair(s) of groups contributing to the experiments effect, to isolate group differences in terms of tumor number and growth rate, and to graph 95% confidence regions for the vector parameter of interest.

Animals↗
PubMed1990

Dental diagnosis and treatment (DDx & Tx): interactive videodisc patient simulations for dental education.

Judgement skills and critical thinking in dentistry are developed through: (1) a systematic approach to gathering and processing information, and (2) an essential amount of practical experience. A new system of interactive videodisc patient simulations titled 'Dental Diagnosis and Treatment' or 'DDx & Tx' has been developed to provide students or practicing dentists an opportunity to develop and practice their critical thinking skills. The DDx & Tx system consists of patient simulation software, a laser-reflective videodisc with its accompanying database, a patient simulation management system, and documentation. An authoring tool is under development. Faculty-authored simulations require students to gather information, formulate diagnoses, order appropriate treatments and properly sequence those treatments. The students' performance is automatically scored and a critique is provided as a review.

Computer Simulation↗
PubMed1990

A computer program for calculating kappa: application to interexaminer agreement in periodontal research.

The kappa statistic is a frequently used measure of interobserver agreement when two or more observers are asked to rate the same items or subjects on some criterion. The advantage of the kappa statistic over simple agreement is that it corrects for agreement by chance. In dental research, because multiple examiners may be involved in assessing subject variables such as attachment loss, bleeding on probing, or periodontal pocket depth, some statistical measure of agreement is needed. The program described here was developed for estimating agreement among periodontal examiners, but also could be used in clinical teaching applications. Assumptions and limitations of the kappa statistic are discussed. Examples of outputs illustrate applications of the program.

Humans↗
PubMed1990

Constrained simulated annealing for optimized radiation therapy treatment planning.

A variation of simulated annealing optimization called 'constrained simulated annealing' is used with a simple annealing schedule to automatically optimize beam weights and beam angles in radiation therapy treatment planning. This optimization technique permits the straightforward utilization of any objective function and any set of dose constraints, even those described by non-analytic functions. Constrained simulated annealing is demonstrated using an objective function which minimizes the probability of normal tissue complications subject to the constraint that the entire target volume receive a tumoricidal dose within specified maximum and minimum limits. Target volume dose constraints are determined by points located on the perimeter of the target volume. Probabilities of normal tissue complications are based on published normal tissue complication probability functions and computed from dose-volume histograms calculated on points spread throughout the normal anatomy.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1990

Application of a network structure in a knowledge-based system for medical diagnostics.

Systems supporting diagnostic decision making have been designed more often on the base of production rules than on semantic nets. One reason for that might be that concepts to process information on the latter structures are still rare. In this study the application of a semantic net is described. Via creation of various views, different sets of information are defined, depending on their meaning in the semantic net. Projections, which are in general a combination of mappings and set operations, are used to infer a set of information from another. The developed system was written in Pascal, the semantic net was implemented using a network-like pointer structure. The concept has been used to develop PROJECTOR, an expert system for differential diagnosis based on a semantic net. The structure has turned out to be fast and compact enough to allow large amounts of data to be handled easily even with a personal computer.

Diagnosis, Computer-Assisted↗