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At least 1,279 records · Page 71Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Vitreous surgery for highly myopic eyes with foveal detachment and retinoschisis.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the efficacy of vitreous surgery for highly myopic eyes with foveal detachment and retinoschisis. DESIGN: Retrospective comparative interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS: Seven patients (nine highly myopic eyes) with posterior staphyloma with foveal detachment and retinoschisis without macular hole. Preoperative best-corrected visual acuity in nine eyes ranged from 0.02 to 0.4 (average, 0.17). METHODS: Vitreous surgery performed on all nine eyes consisted of core vitrectomy, surgically induced posterior vitreous detachment (three eyes), removal of the premacular vitreous cortex and internal limiting membrane in the posterior staphyloma, and 30% SF(6) gas tamponade. Patients were instructed to maintain a prone position for at least 1 day after surgery. The postoperative follow-up period ranged from 6 to 42.5 months (average, 20.4 months). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Visual acuity, retinal tomography monitored by optical coherence tomography. RESULTS: In eight of the nine eyes, foveal detachment and retinoschisis gradually decreased in height, and these eyes finally attained foveal attachment and visual improvement within 6 months postoperatively. The postoperative best-corrected visual acuity of these eight eyes ranged from 0.4 to 0.6 (average, 0.48). One eye developed a full-thickness macular hole during vitreous surgery, and its postoperative best-corrected visual acuity was 0.08. CONCLUSIONS: Foveal detachment and retinoschisis in highly myopic eyes resolved after vitrectomy. Vitreous surgery might have a rationale as prophylactic treatment for highly myopic eyes at high risk of macular hole development.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Posterior retroperitoneoscopy as a new minimally invasive approach for adrenalectomy: results of 30 adrenalectomies in 27 patients.

Posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy is a new minimally invasive method. It represents an alternative to conventional open procedures and laparoscopic techniques. Between July 1994 and November 1995 a total of 30 retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomies were performed on 27 patients. In 24 patients, unilateral tumors were seen (size 1-7 cm): seven Cushing adenomas, five Conn adenomas, seven pheochromocytomas, four hormonally inactive tumors, one cyst. Three patients suffered from Cushing syndrome with bilateral adrenal gland hyperplasias (two inoperable pituitary gland tumors, one bronchial carcinoid with ACTH secretion). The operations were carried out in prone position. After balloon dilatation of the retroperitoneum and creation of a pneumoperitoneum the preparation of the adrenal gland was performed via three trocar sites positioned below the 12th rib. Twenty-five adrenalectomies were completed endoscopically, and five times (among four patients) conversion to the conventional posterior technique was necessary. The average operating time of complete endoscopic adrenalectomies was 124 minutes (45-225 minutes); blood loss was 10 to 120 ml. With minimal need for postoperative analgesia (average dosage 7.9 mg of piritramide), mobilization and adequate food uptake were possible on the day of operation. The posterior retroperitoneoscopic adrenalectomy is a relatively fast, safe method, with the advantages of the posterior open approach and minimally invasive surgery. It therefore represents an important addition to adrenal gland surgery.

Adenoma↗

PubMed2002

[Anesthetic management for a patient with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease using propofol and nitrous oxide].

A 65-year-old woman who had been diagnosed as having Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMTD) 8 years ago and was scheduled to undergo excision of a spinal tumor in the prone position. General anesthesia using propofol was selected as the anesthetic method in order to avoid possible occurrence of malignant hyperthermia due to inhalation anesthetics. The patient was given 80 mg of propofol for anesthetic induction, and then propofol was infused at a rate of 4-5 mg.kg-1.h-1 with intermittent administration of fentanyl (total dose of 0.25 mg) for anesthetic maintenance. Vecuronium 4 mg was injected for intratracheal intubation, and then vecuronium 1 mg was injected at 50 min intervals. The operation proceeded uneventfully. The necessary time for anesthesia was over 460 minutes. There was no delay in wakening, and the patient experienced no problems in the postoperative course. Intravenous anesthesia using propofol is thought to be a safe and effective method of anesthesia for patients with CMTD.

Aged↗

PubMed2000

[Minimally invasive ventral release and endoscopic ventral instrumentation in scoliosis].

We report on three years of experience with a new method of a simultaneous endoscopically assisted anterior release in the prone position, combined with transpedicular posterior scoliosis correction and fixation. In 60 cases this simultaneous approach yielded substantial advantages. True derotation of the apex--even in the thoracic spine--is achieved. Because of resection of apical discs, the hypokyphosis can be corrected easily. Apical derotation, restoration of the kypotic profile and more effective correction of lateral translation add up to true three-dimensional correction of scoliosis. The disadvantages of insufficient anterior anchorage of fixation implants are avoided, since correction and fixation are achieved posteriorly. An additional advantage of this combined approach and the use of pedicular screws is the fact that in idiopathic scoliosis fusion that is no longer than from end- to end-vertebrae is sufficient. Thus, in most King II curves the thoracolumbar junction does not need to be fused.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1993

Sacral transcutaneous oxygen tension levels in the spinal cord injured: risk factors for pressure ulcers?

Evidence is mounting that susceptibility to pressure ulcers in the spinal cord injured is due to the interactive effects of prolonged immobilization and injury-related autonomic dysfunction associated with reduced tissue perfusion. To determine whether tissue oxygenation at the sacrum is reduced in spinal cord injury, we compared transcutaneous oxygen tension (PtcO2) levels in 21 subjects with spinal cord injury and 11 able-bodied controls lying prone and supine on egg-crate mattresses. Spinal cord injured subjects above and below the median supine PtcO2 value were also compared in terms of the presence or absence of pressure ulcers. The PtcO2 level of the spinal cord injured (mean +/- SD) was lower than that of the controls in the prone position (65.3 +/- 16mmHg vs 76.4 +/- 13mmHg; F = 3.9, df = 1, p = .053), and markedly lower in the supine position (49.1 +/- 26mmHg versus 74.2 +/- 10mmHg; F = 9.7, df = 1, p = .004). Examination of mean PtcO2 levels over time showed that those of the controls fell slightly following supination but returned to the previous level within 15 minutes. In contrast, those of the spinal cord injured fell rapidly by 18mmHg and stabilized after 15 minutes at a level 27mmHg below that of the controls. Five of the 10 (50%) spinal cord injured subjects with PtcO2 levels below the median supine PtcO2 level had a pressure ulcer compared to one among the 11 (9%) spinal cord injured subjects with PtcO2 levels above the median (p = .055, by Fisher's exact test). These results suggest the need for further studies on the role of reduced tissue oxygenation in the etiology of pressure ulcers.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

Clinical experience with infants with Robin sequence: a prospective study.

OBJECTIVE: To study the clinical course of patients with Robin sequence (RS) during the first 6 months of life. DESIGN: A longitudinal prospective study of children with RS. SETTING: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, Universidade de São Paulo, Bauru-SP, Brazil, 1997 and 1998. PATIENTS: Sixty-two children were studied from hospital admission to 6 months of age. Thirty-three (53.2%) presented with probable isolated RS (PIRS), 25 (40.3%) presented with syndromes or other malformations associated with RS, and 4 (6.5%) presented with RS with neurological involvement. INTERVENTIONS: The type of respiratory tract obstruction was defined by nasopharyngoscopy. The patients with type 1 and type 2 obstruction underwent nasopharyngeal intubation (NPI), and glossopexy was indicated in patients with type 1 obstruction who did not show clinical improvement with this procedure. Tracheostomy was indicated in patients with type 2 obstruction who did not show a good course after NPI, in patients with type 1 obstruction who did not show good course after glossopexy, and in patients with type 3 and type 4 obstruction. RESULTS: Prone position treatment (PPT) or NPI was the definitive treatment in 25 cases (75.8%) of PIRS and in 13 cases (52%) of syndromes or other malformations. Among the children with type 1 obstruction, 24 (51.1%) were submitted exclusively to PPT and 12 (25.5%) to NPI. With the type 2 groups, only one (12.5%) received PPT, and three (37.5%) were treated exclusively with NPI. All 15 infants treated exclusively with NPI (24.4%) presented with good weight, length, and neuromotor development. CONCLUSIONS: Most patients with PIRS and type 1 obstruction improved without surgical intervention. NPI should be the initial treatment in all patients with RS with type 1 and type 2 obstruction who present with important respiratory and feeding difficulties.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMed2001

Changes in the epidemiological pattern of sudden infant death syndrome in southeast Norway, 1984-1998: implications for future prevention and research.

AIM: To look for changes in risk factors for sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) after decrease and stabilisation of the SIDS rate. METHODS: Questionnaires were distributed to parents of 174 SIDS infants, dying between 1984 and 1998, and 375 age and sex matched controls in southeast Norway. RESULTS: The proportion of infants sleeping prone has decreased, along with the decrease in SIDS rate for the region during the periods studied, but over half of the SIDS victims are still found in the prone position. As the number of SIDS cases has decreased, additional risk factors have become more significant. Thus, after 1993, a significantly increased risk of SIDS is seen when the mother smokes during pregnancy. After 1993, young maternal age carries an increased risk. Maternal smoking and young maternal age are associated with each other. For SIDS victims, an increase in the number of infants found dead while co-sleeping is seen, and the age peak between 2 and 4 months and the winter peak have become less pronounced. CONCLUSION: Changes in risk factor profile following the decrease in SIDS rate in the early 1990s, as well as consistency of other factors, provides further clues to SIDS prevention and to the direction of further studies of death mechanisms.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2006

Feeding-facilitating techniques for the nursing infant with Robin sequence.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of feeding-facilitating techniques in children with Robin sequence. SETTING: Hospital de Reabilitação de Anomalias Craniofaciais, University of São Paulo, Bauru, São Paulo, Brazil. PATIENTS: Twenty-six children less than 2 months of age with Robin sequence, whose only cause of respiratory obstruction was glossoptosis. Thirteen infants were treated by being placed in the prone position (Group 1), and 13 were treated by nasopharyngeal intubation (Group 2). INTERVENTIONS: During hospitalization, the following feeding-facilitating techniques were applied daily to all children: pacifier, massage to relax and anteriorize the tongue, long and soft bottle nipple with original or enlarged hole, global symmetric position, rhythmic movement of the nipple during suction, and insertion of the nipple on the tongue. RESULTS: During the first evaluation, Group 1 patients accepted 36.15 +/- 33.05 mL milk orally within a period of 44.62 +/- 42.94 minutes, whereas Group 2 ingested 20.00 +/- 20.51 mL milk within 30.38 +/- 25.77 minutes. A significant increase (p < .01) in the volume of ingested milk was observed for the two groups at hospital discharge after a mean treatment period of 10.7 days (Group 1: 63.46 +/- 22.58 mL and Group 2: 55.00 +/- 13.07 mL). The mean duration of feeding decreased in the two groups, with a value of 21.54 +/- 7.18 minutes for Group 1 and of 20.28 +/- 8.53 minutes for Group 2. CONCLUSION: The results showed that feeding-facilitating techniques can foster oral feeding in infants with Robin sequence.

Airway Obstruction↗

PubMed1995

[A study of blood loss during surgery for scoliosis. Posterior approach in 319 adolescents].

A retrospective study including 319 patients was realized from 1984 to 1993 in order to evaluate during scoliosis surgery the incidence on bleeding of the type of scoliosis and the anesthetic procedure. Blood losses were below one litre thus reducing the homologous blood transfusions. The patient was in prone position on a modified Wilson frame which facilitates venous return from the dorsal region. A moderate controlled hypotension was realized by combination of halothane, intravenous nitroglycerin (NG) and beta-blocking drugs (when required). Somatosensory evoked potentials were continuously monitored during surgery. A compression of the dorsal region was realized postoperatively in order to reduce blood loss. The blood losses were compared using Student's t-test. The mean perioperative bleeding was 9.8 ml.kg-1 for idiopathic scoliosis (no transfusion required), 14.1 ml.kg-1 for secondary scoliosis (p < 0.05 vs idiopathic) and 29.3 ml.kg-1 for neuromyopathic scoliosis (p < 0.05 vs idiopathic), indicating a major influence of muscle atonia on bleeding. The moderate controlled hypotension by iterative injection of NG and beta-adrenergic blocking drugs provided a safe and reversible hypotension.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1998

Weight-bearing patterns on the knees of preterm infants.

In this study we present a method of monitoring the forces under the knees of preterm infants lying in the prone position. Dual force sensing resistor transducers, connected to optically-isolated amplifiers, were used to monitor the forces. A thermistor airflow sensor was used for the parallel monitoring of the respiratory signal. The measurements were made on ten preterm infants. The average forces were 0.51 and 0.50 N for the left and right knees, respectively. In the frequency domain, the basic harmonic of the force traces was 1.27 Hz approximately, corresponding to the respiratory rhythm. Additional, smaller harmonics, were detected in the force traces at 2.54 and 3.81 Hz. A rather notable power signal could also be seen around 0.1 Hz. The results obtained indicate that the system developed is highly sensitive for providing data on the amplitudes, periods and sequences of oscillations and symmetry of load bearing in preterm infants. Knowledge of the normal and abnormal reaction force patterns may assist in the early diagnosis of abnormal neurodevelopment.

Humans↗

PubMed1999

Management of submacular hemorrhage with intravitreal sulfur hexafluoride: a pilot study.

BACKGROUND: Some success has been reported with the intravitreal use of tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and perfluoropropane gas in the management of large submacular hemorrhages. However, the dosage of tPA that has been used (100 micrograms) has a narrow margin of safety, and it remains to be shown that intravitreal tPA can cross the retina and effect subretinal clot lysis. We carried out a pilot study to evaluate the efficacy of intravitreally administered sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) gas alone in the management of large submacular hemorrhages secondary to age-related macular degeneration (AMD). METHODS: Three patients with large submacular hemorrhages secondary to AMD seen at a university-affiliated teaching hospital in Ottawa were treated with an intravitreal injection of 0.6 mL of SF6 gas. They were instructed to assume a prone position for 7 to 10 days. The patients were followed 3, 7, 14 and 28 days after the procedure and monthly thereafter for at least 6 months. Colour photography and fluorescein and indocyanine green angiography were performed immediately before and 2 weeks after the procedure and, thereafter, at the discretion of the treating ophthalmologist. RESULTS: In all three cases significant inferior displacement of the submacular blood was observed. Two patients showed an improvement of vision from counting fingers to 20/70 and to 20/200. In one case the submacular blood was displaced such that laser photocoagulation of a juxtafoveal choroidal neovascular membrane became possible. INTERPRETATION: The results suggest that intravitreally administered SF6 alone may have a role in the management of selected cases of neovascular AMD complicated by significant submacular hemorrhage. These results call into question the utility of adjunctive intravitreal tPA in such cases.

Fluorescein Angiography↗

PubMed1998

Expiratory CT in cigarette smokers: correlation between areas of decreased lung attenuation, pulmonary function tests and smoking history.

The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between cigarette-smoke-related bronchial disease and air trapping as assessed by expiratory high-resolution CT (HRCT) scans. Thirty healthy subjects (11 non-smokers, 7 ex-smokers for > 2 years, 12 current smokers; age range 35-55 years) with a smoking history between 0 and 28.5 pack-years underwent pulmonary function tests (PFT) and HRCT in inspiration and expiration in supine and prone position. The extent of air trapping was scored in ventral and dorsal aspects of the upper, middle and lower lung portions. In 24 subjects (7 non-smokers, 7 ex-smokers, 10 current smokers) areas of focal air trapping were found, and were present significantly more often in dependent lung portions (p < 0.05) compared with non-dependent portions. No significant differences were found between apical and basal lung zones. Scores of focal air trapping were not significantly different between smokers and ex-smokers, but were significantly lower (p < 0.05) in non-smokers and showed a significant (p < 0.0005) correlation with pack-years. The degree of air trapping was also associated with several lung function tests, especially RV, DLCO, FRC, FEV1 and FEV1/VC. Air trapping is seen in smokers with normal PFT and correlates with the severity of the smoking history, independently of current smoking status.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

In situ images of the thoracic paravertebral space.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In situ knowledge about the anatomic structures and the path of a needle percutaneously placed into the paravertebral space is an area that continues to be investigated. We describe an endoscopic technique that permits imaging of the contents and boundaries of the thoracic paravertebral space in cadavers. TECHNIQUE: A 43-year-old, 157-cm, 45-kg unembalmed female cadaver was placed in the prone position. Using a 2.3-mm diameter, 0 degree optical angle, fiberoptic ankle arthroscopy scope, trocar, introducer, and light source, thoracic paravertebral blocks were performed. To produce quality images, the trocar was advanced the length of the shaft, approximately 8 cm. The arthroscopy scope was then exchanged with the introducer. The trocar and arthroscopy scope were then gradually withdrawn posterior. RESULTS: Representative images that show the anatomic pathway of a needle as it would be directed into the paravertebral space as well as the boundaries of the thoracic paravertebral space were obtained. These included the costotransverse ligament, the spinal nerve, and the parietal and visceral pleura. CONCLUSIONS: The images help show the relationship of structures that are encountered during a paravertebral block. This new technique may be helpful in examining the spread of local anesthetic using dye or imaging the location of continuous catheters without having to dissect the insertion area.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

Foveal reattachment after macula-off retinal detachment occurs faster after vitrectomy than after buckle surgery.

PURPOSE: To investigate the time course of foveal reattachment after successful surgery for macula-off retinal detachments. DESIGN: Prospective comparative nonrandomized interventional trial. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-three patients (16 female and 17 male, 65+/-3 years old) with a spontaneous rhegmatogenous retinal detachment with peripheral breaks and a shallow elevation of the fovea. INTERVENTION: Nine patients were treated with episcleral buckle, cryotherapy, and, in selected cases, external drainage of subretinal fluid. Twenty-four patients were treated with vitrectomy, cryotherapy, and either complete (n = 8), or partial (n = 16) fluid-gas exchange. Patients with complete fluid-gas exchange were kept first in a prone position for 6 hours to help evacuation of subretinal fluid and, afterwards, on their side. Patients with partial fluid-gas exchange were kept in a supine position with the head elevated for 12 hours, allowing spontaneous absorption of submacular fluid. Patients were examined at 1, 6, and 10 to 12 months after surgery with a complete ophthalmic examination as well as optical coherence tomography (OCT). Mean follow-up was 10.0+/-0.5 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE: Foveal attachment was determined clinically and by OCT. RESULTS: Postoperative OCT examination 1 month after buckle surgery (n = 9) showed a small subclinical area of subfoveal fluid in 67% of patients (n = 6). Fluid was still present in 45% of cases (n = 4) at 6 months and in 11% of cases (n = 1) even at 12 months. Optical coherence tomography examination 1 month after vitrectomy showed a completely attached fovea with no subfoveal fluid in all cases (n = 24). CONCLUSIONS: Complete foveal reattachment after macula-off retinal detachment occurs without delay after vitrectomy, whereas subfoveal fluid may persist subclinically for several months in patients operated with a buckle.

Adult↗

PubMed2004

[Observation of early closure of idiopathic macular hole after vitrectomy surgery with internal limiting membrane peeling].

PURPOSE: To observe the early closure of idiopathic macular hole after vitrectomy surgery with internal limiting membrane (ILM) peeling. METHODS: Retrospectively, 25 eyes of idiopathic macular hole in 25 patients were performed vitrectomy surgery with ILM peeling from January of 2001 to October of 2003. All patients maintained the prone position at least 2 weeks after surgery. Slit-lamp examination and optical coherence topography (OCT) were performed to observe the closure of macular hole during 1 month post-operatively. RESULTS: All but 2 eyes of the ILM around the macular hole were peeled successfully. Slit lamp examination showed the configurations of macular hole disappeared in 23 eyes in 24-48 hours post-operatively and OCT confirmed the macular holes were closed in these eyes during 1 month after surgery. The anatomical closure rate was 92%. The repaired macular holes were classified by the OCT images as being of "simple closure" or "bridge shape". CONCLUSIONS: The majority of the idiopathic macular holes were closed in the early stage after surgery. It suggests that there are no or very little tissue loss in the process of idiopathic macular hole, after dismissing the mechanic traction caused by vitreous especially ILM, the hole could be closed.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Do canine scalene and sternomastoid muscles play a role in breathing?

To assess the respiratory function of the scalene and sternomastoid muscles in the dog, we studied the effect of graded increases in inspiratory airflow resistance and single-breath airway occlusion on the electrical activity of these muscles in 18 supine anesthetized spontaneously breathing animals. The sternomastoids never showed any activity, and the scalenes showed some inspiratory activity during occlusion in only two animals. The adoption of the prone position and bilateral cervical vagotomy did not affect this pattern. Hypercapnia also did not elicit any sternomastoid activity and induced scalene inspiratory activity during occlusion in only four of nine animals. On microscopic examination, however, both muscles were found to contain large numbers of spindles, suggesting that they have the capacity to respond to stretch. In addition, with increases in inspiratory resistance, both the sternum and ribs were displaced in the caudal direction. As a result, the scalenes demonstrated a gradual inspiratory lengthening and the normal inspiratory lengthening of the sternomastoids was accentuated. Additional studies in three unanesthetized animals showed consistent activity in the scalene and sternomastoid muscles during movements of the trunk and neck but no activity during breathing, including occluded breathing. These observations thus indicate that the alpha-motoneurons of the scalene and sternomastoid muscles in the dog have very small central respiratory drive potentials with respect to their critical firing threshold. In this animal, these muscles do not have a significant respiratory function.

Action Potentials↗

PubMed1996

Evaluation of the relationship between laboratory and clinical tests of transversus abdominis function.

A clinical test of the function of the deep abdominal muscles was compared to a laboratory electromyographic (EMG) investigation of the contribution of transversus abdominis (TrA) to stability of the lumbar spine during limb movement. The two different functions of TrA were evaluated in 15 subjects. The subject group included six subjects with chronic low back pain and nine subjects with no history of low back pain so that the resultant recordings were spread over a wide range for each test. The clinical test involved quantification of the ability of the subjects to specifically displace the anterior abdominal wall in a way consistent with the function of the muscle. This was evaluated by use of a device designed to measure pressure reduction as the abdomen lifted off a transducer in the prone position. The laboratory test involved determination of the onset of contraction of TrA associated with rapid upper limb movement, measured using fine-wire EMG electrodes. The parameter evaluated was the latency between the contraction of TrA and the prime mover of the limb. Data were analysed both as absolute values and as ordinal data of a three-rating scale derived from criteria based on current knowledge of the response to both tests. No significant correlation was found between the absolute magnitudes of the pressure and timing data, however, comparison of the rating scale data indicated a significant relationship between the tests and associated high level of agreement between the two measures. The results of the study indicate that a reduction in the ability to draw in the abdominal wall is related to changes in the coordination of TrA, although the magnitude of the changes were not correlated. The degree of causality between these co-varying but independent manifestations of the function of TrA is uncertain.

Abdominal Muscles↗

PubMed2001

[MRI in the preoperative diagnosis of chronic sinusitis: comparison with CT].

PURPOSE: To determine the value of MRI in the preoperative evaluation of chronic paranasal sinusitis and to compare the results with CT and intraoperative findings. METHOD/MATERIALS: 42 patients with clinical signs of chronic paranasal sinusitis underwent MRI after CT evaluation on one day, with subsequent functional endoscopic sinus surgery on the next day. Coronary CT was obtained with 5-mm slices and table-feed in the prone position, while MRI was performed in the supine position with coronary T2-TSE + pd and coronary and transverse HASTE, each with 5-mm slice thickness. Aquisition time in MRI was less than 8 minutes. Two radiologists reviewed the CT and MRI scans for signs of sinusitis and detection of anatomical landmarks. The results were correlated with the intraoperative findings. RESULTS: MRI offered no artifacts of dental work and showed more often high quality pictures than CT. CT and MRI demonstrated a good correlation in the detection of mucosal pathologies (kappa = 0.46-0.87) and anatomic variants (kappa = 0.55-0.86). All important anatomical structures could be evaluated sufficiently with MRI for preoperative management. Both diagnostic tools showed an unsatisfactory correlation with intraoperative findings in the ethmoidal complex and maxillary sinus (tau = -0.08-0.3). CONCLUSIONS: MRI is a fast and reliable alternative to preoperative CT in examining paranasal sinuses and offers a good visualization of mucosal changes. CT and MRI both give an unreliable representation of the ethmoidal complex.

Artifacts↗