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Results for “ASCORBIC ACID DEFICIENCY”

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PubMed1994

Low plasma ascorbate levels in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus consuming adequate dietary vitamin C.

Low ascorbate concentrations in diabetes may be secondary to inadequate dietary vitamin C intake or may relate to the varied metabolic roles of the vitamin. To determine whether inadequate dietary intake is a factor we calculated daily vitamin C intakes using both a vitamin C questionnaire and a 4-day food diary in a group of 30 patients with Type 2 diabetes (mean age 68.8 +/- 6.9 yr, 17M/13F) and in 30 community controls (mean age 68.0 +/- 5.5 yr, 12M/18F)). Measures of plasma glucose, serum fructosamine, and plasma ascorbic and dehydroascorbic acid were obtained from 20 subjects in each group. There was no significant difference in daily vitamin C intake between the two groups using both methods: food diary, 61.4 +/- 28.3 (patients) vs 69.5 +/- 33.4 (controls) mg; questionnaire, 54.0 +/- 28.9 (patients) vs 65.0 +/- 30.9 (controls) mg. Vitamin C intake derived from both methods was significantly correlated (p < 0.001). Plasma ascorbate (30.4 +/- 19.1 mumol l-1) and dehydroascorbate (27.6 +/- 6.4 mumol l-1) levels were significantly lower in patients vs in controls (68.8 +/- 36.0 and 31.8 +/- 4.8 mumol l-1, respectively), p < 0.0001 and p < 0.01. Plasma ascorbate levels were significantly correlated with vitamin C intake derived from the food diary (p < 0.01) and questionnaire (p < 0.01) methods in the diabetic group only. Low ascorbate levels in diabetes appears to be a consequence of the disease itself and not due to inadequate dietary intake of vitamin C. A short vitamin C questionnaire is a convenient and reliable estimate of vitamin C intake.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Effects of cigarette smoking on maternal nutrition and the fetus.

Available evidence supports the importance of including facts about smoking and pregnancy in all teaching to women in the childbearing years. The incidence of low birthweight infants is possibly almost twice as high among smoking mothers, and these low birthweight babies are known to be at risk on several counts. Compromised utilization of vitamins and minerals is presented as a causative factor: calcium, vitamin B12, and vitamin C levels are lower in smokers. Other vitamin levels may be affected. Poor nutrition and other factors connected with smoking may result also in stillbirths, spontaneous abortions, congenital anomalies, and cancer in the offspring. Nurses have a unique opportunity to contribute to maternal-child health by teaching and counseling about smoking in pregnancy.

Ascorbic Acid Deficiency↗
PubMed1985

Infectious oral necrosis (cancrum oris) in Nigerian children: a review.

The devastating orofacial gangrenous disease known as cancrum oris (noma) is still commonly seen in underprivileged Nigerian children. These children are usually victims of such stressors as chronic malnutrition, numerous endemic communicable diseases and severe adverse physical conditions which may lead to depletion of their adaptive resources or produce physiological maladaptation to additional stressors. Measles is the most common infection preceding the development of noma in Nigerian children. Acquired immunodeficiency as well as the impaired endocrine balance of the chronically malnourished permits, for example, widespread infection with the measles virus. Anergy resulting from the combination of malnutrition and measles virus infection promotes selective overgrowth and invasion by an infective consortium consisting of anaerobic organisms and other species capable of elaborating necessary growth factors for the former. Because of the pre-existing depletion of adaptive physiologic resources in the malnourished child, the infection is not readily contained locally as necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis but instead spreads rapidly to the next naturally occurring anatomical barriers. This is then followed by continuing necrosis and possible sequestration as exemplified by noma.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Effects of ascorbic acid on health parameters in guinea pigs.

The maximal response of a selection of ascorbic-acid-dependent parameters to a range of intakes of ascorbic acid has been shown to occur at virtually one level of intake in the present experiments. Further, this response occurred with intakes that produced only 1/2 saturation or less of tissues with ascorbic acid. Excessive intakes did not enhance effects, and, as in the case of serum copper levels, may have a detrimental effect. In view of the known factors that may influence requirements and the intralaboratory variability in experimental conditions, the more reasonable approach to the interpretation of dose response data is likely to relate the response to the accompanying degree of tissue saturation, rather than to an absolute level of ascorbic acid intake.

Animals↗
PubMed1975

Human requirements and needs. Vitamin C status: methods and findings.

Although vitamin C nutritional status in man may be determined on the basis of dietary intake findings and on clinical signs of a dietary deprivation, biochemical measurements represent the most objective approach. Without the availability of a functional biochemical procedure that relates to vitamin C status, information concerning inadequacies in this nutrient has been derived mainly from measuring ascorbate levels in serum (plasma), leukocytes, blood, and urine. The measurement of serum levels of ascorbic acid is the most commonly used and practical procedure for determining vitamin C nutritional status in individuals or population groups. Although leukocyte ascorbate levels provide information concerning the body stores of the vitamin, the measurement is technically more difficult to perform, and, hence, its use is largely confined to clinical situations as an aid in the diagnosis of scurvy. The clinical diagnosis of scurvy can be aided also by information on the urinary levels of ascorbic acid and the use of vitamin C loading or saturation tests. With recognized limitations, ascorbic acid can be measured in biological samples with the use of automated or manual colorimetric and fluorometric procedures. Nutrition surveys conducted in Canada and the United States have indicated vitamin C deficits among certain population groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1994

Risk factors for total tooth loss in the United States; longitudinal analysis of national data.

The NHANES I Epidemiologic Follow-up Study (NHEFS) of 1982-84 collected longitudinal data from 10,523 individuals initially seen during the first National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES I) of 1971-75. Among this additional data was information on the incidence of total tooth loss during the 10 years between the surveys, which could then be added to NHANES I data to identify risk factors. In this analysis, a series of bivariate analyses were carried out, followed by logistic regression analysis to assess the simultaneous effect of major variables. Results showed that 7.4 percent of dentate Americans aged 25-74 at NHANES I became edentulous over the next 10 years. In bivariate analyses, the incidence of edentulism was correlated with baseline measures of lower income and education status, poorer oral health, self-perceptions of poor general health and oral health, absence of a regular dentist, and a lower number of remaining teeth at baseline. No correlation was found with gender and geographic region, nor with self-reported diabetes and arthritis, and age was not a factor when the number of remaining teeth at baseline were taken into account. In a logistic regression model assessing the effect of these variables simultaneously, none of the demographic variables retained significance; the only variable statistically significant in both age groups was the number of teeth remaining at baseline. Other significant variables in younger persons were higher periodontal disease scores, perceived poor dental health, perceived need for extractions, history of smoking, and low ascorbic acid intake. Some of these variables were reflections of negative health behavior and attitudes rather than direct correlates. Principal findings from this study were the importance of early tooth loss in eventual edentulism and the virtual disappearance of gender and age as determinants of total tooth loss.

Adult↗