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PubMed1982

Statistical demonstration of minor colour vision abnormalities.

Analysis of the results from 94 male and 94 female young normal trichromats on the 100 hue test and the Nagel and Pickford-Nicolson anomaloscopes that colour deviant and/or colour weak subjects can be distinguished from the wholly normal bulk by considering the normality of certain test result distributions as well as by considering the combinations between test results considered abnormal. The stated minor abnormalities of colour vision are frequent and their types are those described by Pickford and by Lakowski (never' colour asthenopia). They are recognised by means of the anomaloscopes and not by means of the 100 hue test.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2004

Effect of individual shades on reliability and validity of observers in colour matching.

The effect of individual shades in shade guides, on the reliability and validity of measurements in a colour matching process is very important. Observer's agreement on shades and sensitivity/specificity of shades, can give us an estimate of shade's effect on observer's reliability and validity. In the present study, a group of 16 students, matched 15 shades of a Kulzer's guide and 10 human incisors to Kulzer's and/or Vita's shade tabs, in 4 different tests. The results showed shades I, B10, C40, A35 and A10 were those with the highest reliability and validity values. In conclusion, a) the matching process with shades of different materials was not accurate enough, b) some shades produce a more reliable and valid match than others and c) teeth are matched with relative difficulty.

Color↗
PubMed1980

A recommendation for illumination of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue test.

The effect of illuminance on the performance of the Farnsworth-Munsell 100-hue (FM 100) test has previously been reported for young observers with normal color vision. However, information regarding these effects for older persons is lacking. This study reports the effect of illuminance level, over a wide range, on the FM100 performance of 10 elderly subjects with normal color vision compared to a control group of five young adult normal subjects. A recommendation is made for a standard level of illuminance for administration of the FM100-hue test.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual function in young adults following intrauterine growth retardation.

BACKGROUND: Intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR) resulting in infants born small for gestational age is a known risk factor for neurologic deficits and may predispose to poor cognitive development later in life. We recently found an association between IUGR and a reduced neuroretinal rim area at 18 years of age. We evaluated the possible association between IUGR and visual function. SUBJECTS AND METHODS: We studied 26 subjects who had been born small for gestational age and 20 subjects whose birth weights were appropriate for gestational age (controls) using letter acuity thresholds, color vision testing, full-threshold frequency doubling technology perimetry, and rarebit perimetry at 18 years of age. gestational age had a rarebit hit rate below the normal range as compared with none of the controls (P = .006). These 8 subjects had a significantly smaller rim-disc ratio compared with the subjects who were small for gestational age who had a normal rarebit hit rate (P = .047). The frequency doubling technology indices did not differ significantly between the control group and the group that was small for gestational age, nor did the visual acuity, refraction, and color vision test results. CONCLUSION: These data indicate that IUGR is associated with an increased rate of impaired visual function, which can be detected by using rarebit perimetry but not frequency doubling technology perimetry, visual acuity, or color vision tests.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Are ethnic differences in the F-M 100 scores related to macular pigmentation?

BACKGROUND: It is known that the macular pigment can significantly affect colour matching and other aspects of colour vision tests. The difference in macular pigmentation between Asians and Caucasians may lead to different colour discrimination. METHODS: This study compared chromatic discrimination between Asians and Caucasians using the Farnsworth-Munsell 100 Hue test. Fifty Asians who were ethnically Chinese and 50 Caucasians served as subjects, ranging in age from 30 to 59 years. RESULTS: The partial blue-yellow square root error score of the Asian subjects was significantly higher than that of the Caucasian subjects (p = 0.022) and the difference appeared to increase with age. DISCUSSION: There was a difference in the F-M 100 scores between the two groups. The difference was confined in the blue-yellow region, producing a tritan-like bias for the Asian group in the test.

Adult↗