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PubMed1991

Medical problem-solving: an exploration of strategies.

In contrast to factual knowledge the reasoning processes of doctors in their attempts to clarify the patient's problem has been a somewhat neglected domain of study. The rise of experimental psychology, clinical decision analysis, and problem-based learning fostered studies in this area. Several studies from different viewpoints have been performed, leading to a more profound understanding of these processes. I approached the issue from a general physician viewpoint which reverted to the old distinction between deductive and inductive reasoning. Within a group of 68 participating doctors (family doctors and general physicians) the inductive method was exclusively employed. From this finding we conjecture that the inductive type of reasoning is the predominant style in the medical world. The consequences as attached to the overall utilization of the inductive method are far-reaching. Among others, process retracing as a feedback mechanism fails to function when it results from the intuitive nature of the (pattern-recognition) process. As a consequence we do not and can not know what we may learn from experience, good things as well as bad things. The inductive method is a method of practice and quick reaction, but it leaves us empty-handed as far as understanding and teaching are concerned.

Diagnosis↗
PubMed1985

Influence of planning time and first-move strategy on Tower of Hanoi problem-solving performance of mentally retarded young adults and nonretarded children.

Because the ability to plan ahead is essential for successful solution of transformation problems, it is reasonable to assume that planning time will be positively related to performance. In two experiments using a computer-interfaced Tower of Hanoi problem, however, the planning time of retarded young adults was, on the average, as long as or longer than the planning time of higher performing nonretarded children. In neither group was there a reliable correlation between planning time and performance. There were group differences in preferred strategies, which we speculated were associated with a deeper search capacity available to the nonretarded children. What takes place during planning time is a more relevant source of group and individual differences than is the duration of planning time.

Adult↗