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PubMed2001

Deposition of atmospheric nitrogen compounds in humid tropical Cuba.

Acid deposition, a direct effect of gaseous air pollutants, is causing widespread damage to terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Further, these pollutants are responsible for the corrosion of building materials and cultural objects, as well as having an impact on human health. In Cuba, main atmospheric deposition of nitrogen compounds varies from approximately 12.0 to 65.0 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) in rural areas. Ammonia and ammonium are the most important elements in Cuba's tropical conditions.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMed2001

Nitrogen management in a maize-groundnut crop rotation of humid tropics: effect on N2O emission.

Development of appropriate land management techniques to attain sustainability and increase the N use efficiency of crops in the tropics has been gaining momentum. The nitrous oxides (N2Os) affect global climate change and its contribution from N and C management systems is of great significance. Thus, N transformations and N2O emission during maize-groundnut crop rotation managed with various N sources were studied. Accumulation of nitrate (NO3- ) and its disappearance happened immediately after addition of various N sources, showing liming effect. The mineral N retained for 2-4 weeks depending on the type and amount of N application. The chicken manure showed rapid nitrification in the first week after application during the fallow period, leading to a maximum N2O flux of 9889 g N2O-N m(-2) day(-1). The same plots showed a residual effect by emitting the highest N2O (4053 microg N2O-N m(-2) day(-1)) during maize cultivation supplied with a half-rate of N fertilizer. Application of N fertilizer only or in combination with crop residues exhibited either lowered fluxes or caused a sink during the groundnut and fallow periods due to small availability of substrates and/or low water-filled pore space (<40%). The annual N2O emission ranged from 1.41 to 3.94 kg N2O-N ha(-1); the highest was estimated from the chicken manure plus crop residues and half-rate of inorganic N-amended plots. Results indicates a greater influence of chicken manure on the N transformations and thereby N2O emission.

Agriculture↗
PubMed2004

The influence of air conditioning, humidity, temperature and other household characteristics on mite allergen concentrations in the northeastern United States.

BACKGROUND: Information about the influence of housing and occupant characteristics on mite allergen concentrations is crucial to determine which methods could be used to decrease exposure of susceptible subjects. OBJECTIVES: To identify housing and occupant characteristics that are associated with mite allergen concentrations in house dust collected from living rooms and mattresses. METHODS: We collected dust samples from 750 homes in the northeastern US. The influence of various characteristics on concentrations of mite allergens (Der p 1 and Der f 1) was studied using multiple linear regression analysis. RESULTS: Some characteristics, like absence of air conditioners, the presence of mold or mildew, and a lower temperature were consistently associated with higher concentrations of both mite allergens in dust from all sampling locations. However, none of these factors changed Der p 1 or Der f 1 concentrations by more than a factor of 2. People of white ethnic background had roughly two times higher mite allergen concentrations, while family income, family size, and education level only marginally influenced mite allergen concentrations. CONCLUSIONS: Various housing characteristics have some influence on mite allergen concentrations, and could possibly be used to decrease exposure of susceptible subjects. However, only a limited percentage of the variation in mite allergen concentrations was explained by these characteristics.

Air Conditioning↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Testis characteristics of pubertal large white boars reared in a humid tropical environment.

The histomorphometric characteristics of heat-adapted pubertal Large White boars were investigated. Paired testes weight and sperm producing capacity were drastically lower than those of adult boars. Tunica albuginea weight relative to paired testes weight, proportion of round spermatids, the relative frequencies of the stages of the cycle of seminiferous epithelium and fertility were however similar to those of adult boars. The results show that the difference between pubertal and boars in spermatozoal production is a function of the testes weight.

Aging↗