PubMed Health⌕ Search

SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Immunization Programs”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,333 records · Page 74Linked to original sources
PubMed2000

Difficulties of the staff posted for intensive pulse polio immunization in Delhi.

Forty three staff members present on 18 booths for intensive Pulse Polio Immunization were interviewed anonymously during the first round of the programme on 24th October, 1999 to find out their problems likely to affect successful implementation of the programme. The observation revealed some of the problems such as long distance between residence and the booth (46.5%), difficulty in locating the booth (72%), lack of training (90.7%), improper meals (69.7%) and lack of toilet facilities (37.2%). Suitable modifications should be made in light of the observations to secure full support of the staff for success of the programme.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

The Australian Childhood Immunisation Register: validation of the immunisation status of children who are very overdue.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the true immunisation status of children identified by the Australian Childhood Immunisation Register (ACIR) as 90 days overdue, and determine why appropriately immunised children were flagged as overdue. METHODS: A telephone survey of immunisation providers and/or parents of a stratified random sample of 850 NSW children born on or after 1 January 1996 and identified by the ACIR as 90 days overdue for at least one scheduled immunisation at 17 June 1997. The survey was conducted in June to September 1997. RESULTS: Children in the sample ranged in age from 5 to 17 months. Only 526 (61.9%) could be traced. Of these, 452 (86.6%) were fully immunised, and 75% of immunisations were given on time (within 30 days of falling due). The overall proportion of NSW children identified by ACIR as 90 days overdue who were fully immunised was an estimated 85% (95% CI 82.6%-87.4%). For the 452 fully immunised children, a reason for the child's immunisation not appearing on the register could be attributed for only 248/452 (54.8%). There was evidence that the provider had failed to submit an encounter form for 141 of these children. CONCLUSIONS: In mid-1997, more than half the children identified by ACIR as 'overdue' were fully immunised. A significant reason for fully immunised continuing to be flagged as overdue was failure to return encounter forms. IMPLICATIONS: At the time of survey the ACIR could not accurately identify unimmunised children and was of limited use as a tool for public health services to follow up very overdue children.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2001

Predicting and comparing long-term measles antibody profiles of different immunization policies.

OBJECTIVE: Measles outbreaks are infrequent and localized in areas with high coverage of measles vaccine. The need is to assess long-term effectiveness of coverage. Since 1991, no measles epidemic affecting the whole island has occurred in Taiwan, China. Epidemiological models are developed to predict the long-term measles antibody profiles and compare the merits of different immunization policies on the island. METHODS: The current measles immunization policy in Taiwan, China, is 1 dose of measles vaccine at 9 months of age and 1 dose of measles, mumps and rubella (MMR) vaccine at 15 months of age, plus a 'mop-up' of MMR-unvaccinated schoolchildren at 6 years of age. Refinements involve a change to a two-dose strategy. Five scenarios based on different vaccination strategies are compared. The models are analysed using Microsoft Excel. FINDINGS: First, making the assumption that measles vaccine-induced immunity will not wane, the predicted measles IgG seroprevalences in preschool children range from 81% (lower bound) to 94% (upper bound) and in schoolchildren reach 97-98% in all strategy scenarios. Results are dependent on the association of vaccine coverage between the first and second dose of vaccine. Second, if it is assumed that vaccine-induced antibody titres decay, the long-term measles seroprevalence will depend on the initial titres post vaccination, decay rates of antibody titres and cut-off of seropositivity. CONCLUSION: If MMR coverage at 12 months of age can reach > 90%, it would be worth changing the current policy to 2 doses at 12 months and 6 years of age to induce higher antibody titres. These epidemiological models could be applied wherever a similar stage of measles elimination has been reached.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

Development of community- and state-based immunization registries. CDC response to a report from the National Vaccine Advisory Committee.

Immunization registries are confidential, population-based computerized systems that contain information regarding children's vaccinations. Registries provide a critical tool for increasing and sustaining vaccination coverage. A national health objective for 2010 is to increase to 95% the proportion of children aged <6 years who participate in fully operational population-based immunization registries. According to 2000 data, 24% of U.S. children are participating in population-based immunization registries. In 1998, to facilitate community- and state-based immunization registry development in the United States, the National Vaccine Advisory Committee (NVAC) launched the Initiative on Immunization Registries. Through public hearings and parent focus groups, NVAC identified four concerns that needed to be addressed to increase registry participation: a) protecting each person's privacy and the confidentiality of registry information; b) ensuring participation of vaccination providers and recipients; c) overcoming technical and operational challenges; and d) determining resources needed to develop and maintain immunization registries. In January 1999, NVAC approved the report Development of Community- and State-Based Immunization Registries (available at ; accessed July 30, 2001). The following report summarizes NVAC's recommendations and describes CDC's National Immunization Program activities in response to NVAC's recommendations.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗
PubMed2001

[Vaccination of young children, at school entrance and completion in the Bern canton 1998].

Vaccine coverage and role of school physicians for vaccination was evaluated among 1260 and 840 children respectively, in the State of Berne, in 1998. Vaccine coverage (three doses) was sufficient for diphtheria, tetanus and poliomyelitis (95%), but unsatisfactory for pertussis (90%) and measles-mumps-rubella (MMR, 78-80%). The situation was stable in comparison to the year 1995, only vaccine coverage against Haemophilus influenzae Typ b increased (15-20%). School children of non-Swiss origin, especially those born outside Switzerland had partially low vaccination coverage. The percentage vaccinate was 88%, 84% and 68% for MMR. There was no association between vaccine coverage and school examination by family or school physician. The Swiss Public Office of Health should be more involved with the promotion of vaccinations.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2002

Ambulatory medical visits among anthrax-vaccinated and unvaccinated personnel after return from southwest Asia.

The Department of Defense launched a mandatory anthrax immunization program for military personnel in December 1997. This program has been criticized for many reasons, including concern over side effects. This study was designed to give a quick answer to the question of whether vaccinated persons who deployed to southwest Asia were more likely to seek medical care upon their return than their unvaccinated counterparts. The results demonstrated that there was no greater risk for vaccinated persons to have a diagnosis recorded in the Ambulatory Data System (0.96 RR) than unvaccinated persons. In addition, there was no significant increased risk for a recorded diagnosis in any 1 of the 17 International Classification of Diseases, Ninth Revision, categories or for 16 specific adverse health conditions.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

Immunization status of thirty patients with sickle cell disease five years post hepatitis B vaccination. A comparison with normal controls.

In order for hepatitis B immunization programmes to be cost effective and clinically beneficial, vaccinated persons should maintain an immunity threshold titre of antibodies to hepatitis B surface antigen greater than 10 IU/l. Those who fall below this level should be boosted in order to be covered against the risk for which the vaccine was administered. Persons with sickle cell disease are included in the group for whom hepatitis B immunization is routinely prescribed. Antibody to hepatitis B surface antigen was measured in paired sera of thirty patients with sickle cell disease compared with a control group of healthy medical staff, five years post vaccination. There was no significant difference between patients with sickle cell disease and normal controls in the levels of antibody maintained or numbers that required booster vaccination. Recommendations for the maintenance of protection via revaccination should be the same for persons with sickle cell disease as for healthy persons.

Adolescent↗