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PubMed1985

Adaptive behavior of institutionalized individuals with Down syndrome.

Institutional residents with Down syndrome (N = 413) were matched with an equal number of residents in other diagnostic categories with respect to sex, age, length of hospitalization, and IQ. The two groups were compared on 62 items of the Client Development Evaluation Report, and significant differences were found on 19 of these items. The subjects with Down syndrome tended to show greater social competence (except in the clarity of their speech) and less maladaptive behavior. To account for these differences, we offer the speculative hypothesis that the favorable expectations of service providers for their clients with Down syndrome may come to serve as self-fulfilling prophecies.

Activities of Daily Living↗
PubMed1988

Skills acquisition among matched samples of institutionalized and community-based persons with mental retardation.

Clients who had been moved from an institution to community settings were compared with matched clients who remained in the institution. Matching variables included age, sex, level of mental retardation, self-preservation, mobility, blindness, daily living skills, social and cognitive skills, and secondary disabilities (cerebral palsy, epilepsy, physical disability, neurological impairment, and impairment related to aging). Results demonstrated that community clients surpassed institutional clients in social and cognitive skills, but not in daily living skills. Gains in social and cognitive skills by the community sample were conditioned by baseline skill levels and the presence of secondary disabilities. The nonimpaired clients and those with the fewest skills when relocated made the greatest gains. Institutional sample members' gains were uniform across all client conditions and may have been the effect of rater bias.

Activities of Daily Living↗