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PubMed2004

Representations in action: (Or: action models of development meet psychoanalytic conceptualizations of mental representations).

Integrating psychoanalytic and action models of development affords a rich, detailed depiction of developmental psychopathology. Psychoanalytic models depict mental representations of self and others as unconsciously organizing and regulating affect, cognition, and behavior, in response to both maturational imperatives and drive related conflicts. Action models emphasize the active, reciprocal, and goal oriented nature of person-context exchanges. In linking the two perspectives, we propose that representations serve as the mechanisms through which individuals shape their development, personality, and well-being. This integrative perspective is illustrated using a clinical case of an adolescent female treated for an eating disorder.

Humans↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Sex differences in dreams. Content analysis of oknophile and philobatic dream images in the dreams of children and adolescents].

Until now it had been observed that in their dreams girls concern themselves more with inter-human relationships, whereas boys concern themselves stronger with the outside world and aggressive striving. In this survey manifest dreams, as reported in psychotherapies, spontaneously remembered and taken down by the children and young people themselves, were examined with an index in which Balint's theories about oknophilia and philobatism were used. The question whether there are any differences of sex was checked there. One important result of this survey was that girls in fact dream more oknophile subjects, whereas boys dream more philobatic ones. As the philobatic attitude might be put down to an earlier trauma than the oknophile one, this result here above all corresponds with the hypothesis of the feminist psychoanalytics (Chodorow, Olivier), that boys axe dismissed from the symbiosis with their mothers too early. With that they get into a premature independence they are not up to. Girls on the other hand are rather overcharged narcissistically and their mothers hold on to them for too long.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

[Knowledge about the relationship through protagonist-director interactions in psychodrama groups].

This report follows emotional behavior in two psychodrama groups from the "present moment" until "moment of contact" using the Consensus Rorschach method. In the analysis of verbal and nonverbal material of protagonist-director dyads the following patterns were distinguished: a) early relationship patterns; b) affective attunement; c) fit of knowledge about the relationship. The author describes the relationship between the concept of "present moment" in therapy and the role of eye contact. Eye contact produces emotional tension in the context of the "present moment". Moments of contact, however, require implicit and explicit knowledge about the relationship to be constructed simultaneously as well as development of affective interactions. Emotional impulses are stored in implicit memory, which has no immediate availability. However, therapy--including psychodrama--attaches words to behaviors that are beyond the verbal levels as well, and therefore it extends the domain of memory. This is the way in which non-symbolized emotional behavior (including eye contact) and the play's verbal level with symbolic representations of memories are interconnected.

Adult↗
PubMed2006

The analyst's excitement in the analysis of perversion.

The author believes that unconscious sexual excitement in the transference and countertransference is an especially problematic aspect of the analysis of perverse character pathology and that perverse sexual gratification deserves a more prominent position in the clinical theory of analyzing perversion than that which has been assigned tacitly through analysts' routine focus on the defensive and destructive dynamics of perversion. He presents clinical material from the analysis of a perverse patient that illustrates the role of excitement in the transference perversion established in this analysis; and he asserts that gratifying perverse enactments occurring in the transference perversion can appear not only as conscious or unconscious excitement in the transference but also, at times most clearly, as the analyst's excitement. The author suggests that using a clinical theory that supports the analyst in understanding his excited responses as perverse countertransferences--i.e. evoked excitement complementary to the sexual component of a perverse transference--will assist him in locating and thinking about gratifying, perverse excitement in the transference where it is most usefully analyzed. Finally, he discusses some of the reasons why analysts might deny, suppress or otherwise avoid perverse countertransferences and in so doing contribute to sustaining perverse resistances.

Adult↗
PubMed1990

Special symbols in early female oedipal development: fantasies of folds and spaces, protuberances and concavities.

The authors present three examples, from the observation of pre-latency girls, of the use of anatomic regions for symbolic purposes. In the two cases, the first interdigital fold became the locus for castration anxiety; and in the other, the laryngeal prominence and jugular notch served as the focus for symbolic displacement of psychosexual concerns. The employment of these particular symbols, to the best of the authors' knowledge, has not been reported previously in the literature. The authors conclude by calling for further investigation into the relationship between the processes involved in such symbol-formation and those that occur in neurosogenesis.

Anxiety, Castration↗
PubMed2006

[Analytic inpatient treatment of malignant narcissism. A case study].

It is extremely doubtful whether a patient diagnosed with malignant narcissism will respond positively to analytic therapy, particularly group therapy. The prospects for recovery are not favourable because a patient with malignant narcissism has a tendency to destroy everything that is good, including the therapeutic relationship, and this destructiveness can seriously undermine the treatment of other patients. Nevertheless, in this article a case is presented that illustrates that long-term analytic in-patient treatment can be successful. The theoretical background to the diagnosis is outlined so that readers will be able to understand the nature of the treatment.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

The transformation of affect in posttraumatic nightmares.

The author questions the classical psychoanalytic assumptions that anxiety in posttraumatic nightmares arises from the same conflict represented in the manifest content of the nightmare, that such nightmares have no latent content, and that the day residue is insignificant. Such assumptions obscure the function of these nightmares, in which the dreamwork transforms shame into fear. Case material from two patients highlights the instigating role of posttraumatic dissociative states and shame in the day residue of posttraumatic nightmare sufferers. The author also emphasizes that conflict in the latent dream thoughts differs from that represented in the manifest content.

Adult↗
PubMed1991

Thinking about thinking: some clinical and theoretical considerations in the treatment of a borderline patient.

This paper addresses a specific aspect of pathological mental functioning in so-called borderline patients. Analytic work with a borderline man is presented to show that an inhibition of, and defences against, the contemplation of one's own and others' mental states may be a hallmark of the resistance encountered in a number of such patients. It is claimed that the analysis of transference and countertransference is a crucial therapeutic factor in tackling this source of resistance. In doing this, the paper draws upon a topical notion from philosophy of mind and recent ideas from child development studies which help to clarify psychoanalytic ideas concerning the nature of the pathology of internal object relations underlying feelings of emptiness and social alienation in borderline functioning.

Adult↗