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PubMed1989

Conflict between the sexes: strategic interference and the evocation of anger and upset.

Advances an evolution-based model of strategic conflict between men and women. Conflict is predicted to occur whenever the reproductive strategy adopted by one sex interferes with that adopted by the opposite sex. Three empirical studies tested hypotheses based on this model. Study 1 (N = 528) examined sex differences in sources of anger and upset (e.g., about sexual aggressiveness or withholding) among 2 samples of Ss differing in age and martial status. Study 2 (N = 60) assessed the perceived magnitude of upset each sex would experience when confronted by each source. Study 3 (N = 214) tested predictions within married couples about sex differences in sources of marital and sexual dissatisfaction. These studies provide modest support for the strategic conflict model and implicate the negative emotions of anger and upset as proximate mechanisms that alert men and women to strategic interference. The diversity of upset elicitors discovered here, such as being condescending, possessive, neglecting, abusive, inconsiderate, moody, and self-centered, point to the limitations of this evolutionary model and the need to develop more comprehensive models of conflict between the sexes.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Natural selection.

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Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1993

Universal Darwinism.

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Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1994

The asexual ploidy cycle and the origin of sex.

Sex involves syngamy (gamete fusion), which doubles the amount of DNA in a cell, and meiosis, which halves it. The result is a 'ploidy cycle' of alternating diploid and haploid phases. Asexual reproduction does not require changes of ploidy, and yet asexual forms may have ploidy cycles. Here I show that such cycles lessen the mutation load, compared with permanent diploidy or polyploidy, and are thus likely to evolve in cases where it is always advantageous to have more than one copy of the genome per cell. The asexual ploidy cycle could have facilitated the origin of sex, by providing a means of orderly genetic reduction available immediately after the origin of syngamy.

Animals↗
PubMed1995

Darwin lives on...

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Biological Evolution↗
PubMed1995

But is it science?

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Biological Evolution↗