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PubMedDate not supplied

[Occurrence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in the population of Split-Dalmatia County].

The prevalence of antibodies reactive with Toxoplasma gondii in the population of the Split-Dalmatia county (southern Croatia) was investigated by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Of a total of 1464 serum samples collected from persons aged 2-84 years 36.4% reacted with Toxoplasma gondii. The frequency of positive sera increased significantly with age (p < 0.001). Prevalence of specific antibodies to T. gondii does not vary significantly according to gender, except, among children younger than 10 years (boys 14.0%; girls 28.2%; p < 0.01). Of a total of 398 pregnant women tested 31.4% were seropositive. According to increase in seroprevalence among the pregnant women of different age the theoretical incidence of congenital toxoplasmosis was calculated.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1992

The British Paediatric Surveillance Unit: activities and developments in 1990 and 1991.

The British Paediatric Surveillance Unit is a joint undertaking of the British Paediatric Association, the PHLS Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre and the Department of Epidemiology at the Institute of Child Health, London. It provides an active case reporting system which aims to facilitate the surveillance of rare childhood infections and other conditions. Cards with a menu of up to twelve reportable disorders are sent monthly to more than 1100 paediatricians throughout the United Kingdom and Ireland. The average response rate is 90%. Reported cases are followed up according to study protocols. Since its inception in 1986, the Unit has facilitated the study of a wide range of disorders, including HIV infection and AIDS, Reye's syndrome, Kawasaki disease, congenital rubella, neonatal herpes, congenital toxoplasmosis and acute rheumatic fever, and the number of new applications for surveys has increased in 1992-3. Several European paediatric organisations have expressed interest in setting up similar schemes in their own countries.

Adolescent↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Toxoplasmic chorioretinitis and hydrocephalus].

A child of 4 years old presents cicatricial toxoplasmic chorioretinitis, hydrocephaly and neurological disturbance. The titre of serous anticorps antitoxoplasma have been presented at 1/10. The child doesn't fix the objects, he presents nystagmus of fixation. Being in the presence of a case of congenital toxoplasmosis sequela stadium, it is not necessary a treatment. We insist upon a periodically control for the pregnant women and the treatment for those having positive serology. There are also necessary the prophylactic orders respecting the norms of hygiene and especially the use of milk and meat after an adequate thermic treatment of it.

Animals↗
PubMed2005

[Postnatal follow-up of infants born to mothers with certain Toxoplasma gondii infection: evaluation of prenatal management].

UNLABELLED: The clinical management of perinatal toxoplasmosis involves a gynaecologist during pregnancy and a neonatologist after delivery. Then, in the absence of a uniform approach, early evaluation of infected infants requires a thorough long-term follow-up also in asymptomatic children, who have to be observed for at least one year due to unpredictable sequelae in later life. We retrospectively analyzed pregnancy management of 54 women with certain infection from Toxoplasma gondii (TG) and prospectively enrolled their infants to compare prenatal management with postnatal clinical outcome. All mothers with seroconversion for TG infection were from the Palermo area and were retrospectively analyzed, whereas their newborns referred to G. Di Cristina Children Clinical Hospital between 1999-2004 were prospectively enrolled in a 48-month follow-up. Timing of infection was dated for 24 women (45%) to the first trimester, 18 (33%) to the second and 12 (22%) the third. The maternal-fetal transmission rate was 17.2%. Prenatal diagnosis from amniotic fluid was performed in 25/54 pregnant subjects and showed positive results in 6. Despite diagnosis of TG infection, 9 women were untreated and only 2 with positive amniocentesis received combined therapy. 10/55 enrolled infants were infected and half of them were preterm and/or SGA at birth. None showed peculiar signs of TG at birth but 4 had abnormalities during the follow-up. 9/10 infected children were born to mothers who had undergone neither amniocentesis nor combined therapy. CONCLUSIONS: Our work confirms the difficulty of applying standardized therapeutic protocol for TG infection during pregnancy. The asymptomatic course of TG infection at birth confirms the importance of an instrumental long-term follow-up to identify typical TG lesion to prevent sequelae.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

[One thing begets another].

In this article the signs and symptoms as well as the course and complications are described of a feverish disease contracted by a fourteen year old boy after spending summer-holidays in the southern part of France. In retrospect this disease could be diagnosed as 'Mediterranean spotted fever' In the same period of these manifestations also a partial loss of sight at one eye occurred; although serology tests of antibody titers were negative, it was attributed to chorioretinitis due to activation of a congenital toxoplasmosis. The course was further complicated by an acute renal insufficiency during treatment of the chorioretinitis with high doses sulfadiazine. A short contemplation on the various clinical syndromes is presented.

Acute Kidney Injury↗
PubMed1991

Laboratory diagnosis of toxoplasmosis.

Toxoplasmosis is usually diagnosed in the clinical laboratory by detecting antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii, and only rarely by isolating the parasites. A number of serologic tests are used; each has its own advantages and disadvantages. The methods of diagnosis and their interpretations differ for each clinical category of infection.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1976

Immediate and long-range effects of maternal viral infection in pregnancy.

A brief description of the pathogenesis and immediate and long-range outcome following certain maternal viral infections in pregnancy has been presented. As evidence has accumulated from the follow-up of infants with specific congenital infections, it is clear that the consequences can be disastrous but not just for the obviously affected neonate - the normal-appearing infant at birth may have problems which appear much later. So-called "silent" congenital infections of the central nervous system may be a more frequent cause of mental retardation and specific learning disorders than we realize.

Body Height↗
PubMed1991

Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies among children and teenagers in Italy.

Between 1987 and 1989, the prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii was determined by ELISA in serum samples from 1,494 apparently healthy subjects, 3-18 years old. Subjects were selected by a systematic cluster sampling from five geographical areas in Italy. The overall prevalence of antibodies was 17.9%, increasing from 4.7% in 4-6 year olds to 28.4% in 17-18 year olds (P less than 0.01). A slight predominance was observed among males (18.2% vs. 17.5% in females), as well as among subjects residing in Southern Italy and the Islands (21.9% vs. 19.2% in subjects residing in the North), but neither difference was statistically significant. Toxoplasma infection was associated with sociodemographic factors. Subjects belonging to a household with six or more persons had a 1.8-fold risk (C.I. 95% = 1.3-2.6) and subjects whose fathers had less than six years of schooling had a 2.7-fold rosk (C.I. 95% = 1.8-3.9) of previous exposure to toxoplasma infection. Considering the large proportion (70%) of young women entering childbearing age without toxoplasma antibodies, it appears that the risk of congenital toxoplasmosis will not be negligible in Italy in forthcoming years.

Adolescent↗