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Results for “Visual function”

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At least 1,351 records · Page 75Linked to original sources

PubMed1999

Functional complaints, visual acuity, spatial contrast sensitivity, and glare disability in preoperative and postoperative cataract patients.

PURPOSE: To quantify cataract patients' functional visual complaints and correlate them with their objective glare disability and spatial contrast sensitivity (SCS) scores. SETTING: Sir Mortimer B. Davis Jewish General Hospital. Montreal, Quebec, Canada. METHODS: Thirty patients scheduled for cataract surgery with a visual acuity of 20/70 or better at the time of patient selection and no other ocular pathology were evaluated objectively and subjectively for visual function preoperatively and within 3 months postoperatively. Objective measures of SCS and visual acuity in the presence and absence of glare were obtained with the Optec 3000 vision tester. Subjective visual function was evaluated with the Activities of Daily Vision Scale (ADVS), a questionnaire that evaluates patients' visual function by assessing the degree of difficulty they experience in performing tasks involving distance vision, near vision, and glare conditions. RESULTS: Preoperatively, patients had decreased visual acuity and SCS in the presence of glare. The ADVS scores were correlated with visual performance. Postoperatively, there was a statistically significant improvement in all dependent measures (i.e., visual acuity and SCS in the presence of glare) as well as in the subjective report of visual performance assessed by the ADVS. CONCLUSION: Spatial contrast sensitivity, glare disability, and the ADVS questionnaire should be considered as adjuncts to visual acuity testing in evaluating certain cataract patients.

Adult↗

PubMed1997

An intraocular telescopic lens for macular degeneration.

Age-related macular degeneration is a leading cause of visual loss in adults older than 60 years of age. Once vision has been seriously compromised, the only means of improving visual function are optical devices that produce magnification of images. These devices fall into three categories: (1) high-plus lenses, (2) external telescopes, and (3) a high-minus center intraocular lens combined with external high-plus glasses. The authors designed a new intraocular lens with an entire telescope in its center. In vitro tests were performed to evaluate modulation transfer function, visual field, and optical aberrations. Implantation in cadaver eyes was performed to test the surgical technique and safety. Test results showed that satisfactory modulation transfer function and optic aberration were achieved, and implantation in cadaver eyes was proven to be feasible and safe. It was concluded that a fully implanted intraocular telescopic lens is an effective optical solution for age-related macular degeneration.

Adult↗

PubMed2002

A test battery of child development for examining functional vision (ABCDEFV).

A battery of 22 tests is described, intended to give an integrated assessment of children's functional visual capacities between birth and four years of age. As well as sensory visual measures such as acuity, visual fields and stereopsis, the battery is intended to tap a range of perceptual, motor, spatial and cognitive aspects of visual function. Tests have been drawn from practice in ophthalmology and orthoptics, vision research, paediatric neurology, and developmental psychology to give an overall view of children's visual competences for guidance in diagnosis, further investigation, management and rehabilitation of children with developmental disorders. 'Core vision tests' require no motoric capacities beyond saccadic eye movements or linguistic skills and so assess basic visual capacities in children of any age. 'Additional tests' have age-specific requirements and are designed to pinpoint specific deficits in the perceptual, visuo-motor and spatio-cognitive domains. Normative data are reported on nine age groups between 0-6 weeks and 31-36 months, each including 32-43 typically developing children. Pass/fail criteria for each test are defined. These data allow the selection of a subset of tests for each age group which are passed by at least 85% of normally developing children, and so are appropriate for defining normal development. The normalized battery has been applied to a range of at-risk and clinical groups. Aspects of children's visual performance are discussed in relation to neurobiological models of visual development.

Child Development↗

PubMed1996

[Prognosis after total removal of craniopharyngiomas via the frontobasal interhemispheric approach].

Prognosis after total removal of craniopharyngiomas via the frontobasal interhemispheric approach is reviewed. Seventeen patients with craniopharyngiomas were operated on in Sapporo Medical University Hospital between January, 1985 and December, 1993. In eleven patients, lamina terminalis was incised and in the last six patients, it was left intact. Tumors were completely resected in all patients. After removal of the tumor, hypothalmic--pituitary functions, visual functions and psychometric functions were examined. Two of the 17 cases showed hypernaturemia and fourteen (82%) had permanent DI. Fourteen patients are receiving DDAVP and all are receiving endocrine replacement. Of fourteen patients who had disturbance of their visual acuity, nine (64%) improved. Five of six patients (83%) who presented visual field defect showed improvement in their deficits. Thirteen patients had a psychometric assessment at the time of follow-up examination. Full-scale intelligence quotient scores were distributed as follows: three above 120, five between 90 and 109, three between 70 and 79 and two below 69. Four (32%) had some impairment of memory. Concerning the QOL after total removal of craniopharyngiomas via the frontobasal interhemispheric approach, thirteen patients (76%) are leading normal lives, and three (18%) are leading nearly normal lives but require some help to overcome mild deficits. One (6%) has suffered a significant handicap.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2001

Prevalence [correction of prevalance] of functional blindness, visual impairment, and related functional deficits among elderly Mexican Americans.

BACKGROUND: This report describes the prevalence and correlates of functional blindness and visual impairment among older Mexican Americans, using data on 2800 respondents from the Hispanic Established Populations for the Epidemiological Study of the Elderly. METHODS: Bivariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were used to examine the associations between corrected bilateral distant vision and sociodemographic characteristics, selected health conditions, self-reported health status, health care utilization, and functional dependence on the basis of assistance needed for basic and instrumental activities of daily living (ADLs). RESULTS: Using a modified Snellen test for distance visual acuity, 5% of older Mexican Americans were found to be functionally blind, and 13.5% were found to be visually impaired. Vision loss was significantly associated with older age, lower education, hypertension, diabetes, poor self-rated health, and hospitalization during the year prior to the interview. Over 50% of functionally blind subjects required assistance with at least one basic ADL, compared with 15% of those who were visually impaired and 8% of those who were not visually impaired. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of functional blindness in this sample of elderly Mexican Americans was higher than reported for the general elderly population, yet they also have higher rates of adequate vision because of the low prevalence of visual impairment. The results suggest a need for more research on the prevalence and impact of functional blindness and visual impairment on the health of older Mexican Americans.

Age Factors↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Ophthalmological assessment of professionally significant functions in persons undergone laser myopia correction].

Professionally significant functions (visual acuity, color vision and its parameters, and dark adaptation and its parameters) were determined in moderate and severe myopia before and after its excimer laser correction by the LASIK method: in early (1, 3 months) and late (6, 12 months) periods after surgery to decide where the operated persons are allowed to have the jobs associated with railway traffic safety. Sixty-one patients with moderate and severe myopia and 23 control individuals were examined at the Moscow Research and Technological Complex "Eye Surgery". The examinations have demonstrated that the values of visual acuity, color vision, and dark adaptation considerably improved. Whether the persons undergone excimer laser myopia correction are allowed to have the jobs associated with railway transport safety should be individually decided, by taking into account the postoperative recovery of professionally significant visual functions.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Diurnal intraocular pressure in untreated exfoliation and primary open-angle glaucoma.

OBJECTIVE: To describe and compare the diurnal intraocular pressure (IOP) variation in patients with exfoliation glaucoma (EXG) and primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). PATIENTS AND DESIGN: We prospectively investigated consecutive Greek patients with newly diagnosed untreated EXG and POAG. All patients were admitted to our ophthalmology department for 24-hour IOP measurements according to a standard protocol. After matching for age, we compared 40 pairs of patients with these 2 glaucomas. RESULTS: Patients with EXG showed a significantly higher mean range of IOP (13.5 vs 8.5 mm Hg for POAG; unpaired t test, P < .001), higher maximum IOP (mean, 38.2 vs 26.9 mm Hg for POAG; unpaired t test, P < .001), and higher minimum IOP (mean, 24.7 vs 18.4 mm Hg for POAG; unpaired t test, P < .001) Patients with EXG more often demonstrated an IOP range higher than 15 mm Hg (35% vs only 7.5% for POAG). Importantly, in 45% of patients with EXG and 22.5% of patients with POAG, the peak level of IOP was found outside office hours. There was no significant difference in visual function (visual acuity, cupping, visual field) at diagnosis between the 2 glaucoma groups. CONCLUSION: Significant fluctuation in the diurnal curve of the IOP distinguishes EXG from POAG and may be an important factor in predicting any subsequent poor response to medical therapy.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Ophthalmologic manifestations of Alzheimer's disease.

Alzheimer's disease is a progressive neurologic disorder which may present with visual disturbance before the diagnosis is clearly established. Central acuity and visual field are initially normal. Alzheimer patients may show anomalies of color vision, spatial contrast sensitivity, susceptibility to visual masks, fundus examination, ocular motility, higher cortical visual function, visual evoked potential, and pattern electroretinogram. Pathologic analysis has shown abnormalities at all levels of the visual axis from retinal ganglion cell to associative visual cortex. Correlations between the visual abnormalities of Alzheimer's disease and corresponding neuroanatomic substrates are discussed.

Adult↗

PubMed1992

Studies of ocular complications of AIDS Foscarnet-Ganciclovir Cytomegalovirus Retinitis Trial: 1. Rationale, design, and methods. AIDS Clinical Trials Group (ACTG).

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis is the most common intraocular infection in patients with AIDS and affects an estimated 20% of these patients. Two drugs, ganciclovir and foscarnet, are currently available for the treatment of CMV retinitis. The Foscarnet-Ganciclovir CMV Retinitis Trial was designed: (1) to evaluate the relative efficacy and safety of foscarnet and ganciclovir for the treatment of CMV retinitis in patients with AIDS; and (2) to compare the relative benefits of immediate treatment versus deferral of the treatment for patients with disease not involving the posterior pole. Prior to randomization, patients were assigned to one of two strata based upon the location and extent of retinitis in the more severely involved eye. Patients with retinitis in zone 1 (posterior pole) or extensive retinitis (extent greater than or equal to 25% retina) in zones 2 and/or 3 (peripheral retina) were randomly assigned to immediate treatment with either ganciclovir or foscarnet. Patients with CMV retinitis confined to less than or equal to 25% of the retina and in zones 2 and/or 3 were offered the option of participating in the comparison of immediate treatment versus deferral of treatment. Patients opting to participate in this comparison were randomly assigned to immediate treatment versus deferral. Patients preferring to choose either immediate treatment or deferral (treatment preference design) were randomized only to foscarnet or ganciclovir for treatment of CMV retinitis. Patients in the deferral group were started on drug treatment when the retinitis became more immediately sight-threatening either by virtue of location (involvement of zone 1) or size (extent greater than 25% of the retina). Outcome measures included: survival, retinitis progression, visual function (visual acuity and visual field), drug side effects, and morbidity. Enrollment in the trial began in March 1990 and was completed in October 1991.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗

PubMed1994

The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study (AGIS): 1. Study design and methods and baseline characteristics of study patients.

Medical therapy has been the standard initial treatment for open-angle glaucoma. When some visual field has been lost and maximum tolerated and effective medical therapy does not succeed in controlling the disease, the patient is considered to have advanced glaucoma, and the first of a potential sequence of surgical treatments is usually indicated. Little is known about the long-term course and prognosis of advanced glaucoma or about the long-term effectiveness of sequential surgical treatments in controlling the disease and preventing vision loss and blindness. The Advanced Glaucoma Intervention Study was designed to study, in advanced glaucoma, the long-term clinical course and prognosis, and, in a randomized trial, the comparative outcomes of two sequences of surgical treatments. Toward these goals, 789 eyes in 591 patients were enrolled at 11 clinical centers between 1988 and 1992. Follow-up will continue until 1996. Eyes were randomly assigned to one of two sequences of surgical treatments. One sequence begins with argon laser trabeculoplasty (ALT), is followed by trabeculectomy, an incisional surgical filtering procedure, should ALT fail to control the disease, and by a second trabeculectomy should the first trabeculectomy fail. The other sequence begins with trabeculectomy, is followed by ALT should the trabeculectomy fail, and by a second trabeculectomy should ALT fail. The main outcome of interest is visual function (visual field and visual acuity). Other important outcomes are intraocular pressure, complications of surgery, time to treatment failure, and extent of need for additional medical therapy. We present in this paper the rationale, objectives, design and methods of the study, and the baseline characteristics of study patients and eyes.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

The effect of eye enucleation on the number of fibres in the supraoptic decussation of posthatch chicks (Gallus gallus).

In this study of the young chick we examine the effects of unilateral or bilateral eye enucleation on the number of axons in the supraoptic decussation, a major interhemispheric tract subserving visual function. On posthatch day 25, chicks underwent removal of either one or both eyes. After a survival period of 32 days, electron microscopic examination of the supraoptic decussation revealed a substantial loss of fibres. In the bilaterally enucleated group, a significant decrease in the number of axons occurred in both the dorsal and ventral aspects of the supraoptic decussation. The effect of unilateral enucleation was not as severe. The results indicate that enucleation of the precocial and functioning visual system of the chick leads to a transneuronal loss of axons. The degree of loss may reflect the amount of fibres in the crossed visual projection within the supraoptic decussation.

Animals↗

PubMed2000

[Rehabilitation of homonymous hemianopsia].

BACKGROUND: Homonymous hemianopia, most often caused by cerebral arterial infarction, represents for the patient a severe handicap, whereby beside bumping into persons and objects disturbance of reading and writing are predominant. In the beginning the patients often are not aware of the hemianopia (anosognosia) or even completely deny it (hemi-neglect). For rehabilitation of homonymous hemianopia different successful methods are at disposal. METHODS: 1. Improvement of the patient's attention for the blind hemifield, 2. Enlargement of the saccadic search field. 3. Systematization of the search strategies, 4. Treatment of the hemianopic reading and writing disturbance, 5. Auxiliary optical measures. CONCLUSIONS: The rehabilitation of homonymous hemianopia with the described different methods is most successful and improves for the patient not only elementary and higher visual functions (visual exploration, reading and writing ability, parafoveal visual field, recognition of forms and colours), but may under favorable circumstances even restore partial or total working capacity.

Attention↗

PubMed2000

Sensitivity of indocyanine green angiography for the follow-up of active inflammatory choriocapillaropathies.

BACKGROUND: Inflammatory choriocapillaropathies (choriocapillaritis) correspond to the clinical spectrum of lesions of the fundus, including acute posterior multifocal placoid pigment epitheliopathy (APMPPE), multiple evanescent white dot syndrome (MEWDS), multifocal choroiditis (MC), and other rarer entities caused by inflammatory disturbances of choriocapillaris perfusion. The aim here was to study the sensitivity of indocyanine green (ICG) angiography in investigating and following inflammatory choriocapillaropathies. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Patients with inflammatory choriocapillaropthies were included who had had a dual fluorescein and ICG angiography as well as visual field testing (Goldman or computerized perimetry) at presentation and on follow-up visits. ICG angiography was performed according to a routine angiographic protocol used for inflammatory diseases and was correlated with fundus examination, fluorescein angiography, and visual field testing. RESULTS: Three patients with MEWDS, two with APMPPE, and two with MC were included. The visual field alterations in all seven patients were well correlated with the extent of the hypofluorescent areas seen on ICG angiography, whereas they were badly correlated with fluorescein angiographic signs and their evolution. The visual field in MEWDS was particularly well correlated with the importance of peripapillary hypofluorescence seen on ICG angiography. In MC, the evolution of new lesions was well demonstrated by ICG angiography and well correlated with visual symptoms and visual fields, but was barely detected on fundus examination and by fluorescein angiography. CONCLUSIONS: ICG angiographic signs were shown to be closely correlated with visual function (visual field testing). This was not the case for either fundus examination or fluorescein angiography. ICG angiography appears as a very sensitive follow-up parameter in inflammatory choriocapillaropathies, giving morphological information on the evolution of the disease and on the response to treatment when therapy is indicated.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Recent developments in the assessment of quality of life in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Multiple sclerosis (MS) and its treatment have broad-ranging effects on quality of life. This article reviews recent efforts to assess the impact of MS on activities of daily living (ADLs) and health-related quality of life (HRQL), and describes the development of the Multiple Sclerosis Quality of Life Inventory (MSQLI). The MSQLI is a modular MS-specific HRQL instrument consisting of a widely-used generic measure, the Health Status Questionnaire (SF-36), supplemented by nine symptom-specific measures (covering fatigue, pain, bladder function, bowel function, emotional status, perceived cognitive function, visual function, sexual satisfaction, and social relationships). Content validation consisted of evaluating its adherence to a conceptual model of the impact of MS, and review by MS specialists (neurologists and allied health professionals), HRQL experts, patients, and caregivers. The reliability and construct validity of the MSQLI were rigorously evaluated in a field test with 300 North American patients (198 female, 102 male) with definite MS (Poser criteria) and a broad range of physical impairment (EDSS=0. 0-8.5). This article concludes by comparing the MSQLI with two other MS-specific HRQL measures (MS Quality of Life-54 (QOL-54) and Functional Assessment of Multiple Sclerosis (FAMS)) and discussing key issues to consider in selecting an HRQL instrument for a collaborative database.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1992

Lidocaine unmasks silent demyelinative lesions in multiple sclerosis.

Blockage of a small number of sodium channels may prevent impulse conduction in some demyelinated segments of nerve fibers with low safety factors, thereby unmasking subclinical demyelinative lesions. On the basis of this hypothesis, lidocaine, a sodium channel blocker, was administered intravenously to 28 MS patients and to 19 normal subjects and seven patients with nondemyelinating diseases. As predicted, lidocaine (mean plasma level, 2.7 micrograms/ml) elicited reversible subclinical symptoms in 23 of the MS patients, but it had not effect on the control subjects. We made a quantitative study of the visual functions (visual acuity, color vision, visual evoked potential [VEP]) that were impaired in 15 MS patients. Of the 23 affected eyes, nine showed normal VEPs, indicative of the test's sensitivity to focal lesions. This test should be useful in the diagnosis of MS and in the evaluation of the subclinical activity of MS as well.

Adult↗

PubMed2001

The effect of total sleep deprivation on cognitive functions in normal adult male subjects.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of acute sleep deprivation on cognitive functions. A total of 18 healthy right handed males were deprived of sleep for 24 hours. Luria-Nebraska Neuropsychological Battery and calculation & digit-span subtest of K-WAIS were administered before and after sleep deprivation in order to examine the changes of cognitive functions. There were no differences in freedom from distractibility, tacile function, visual function, reading, writing, arithmetic and intellectual process function. However, the cognitive functions such as motor, rhythm, receptive & expressive speech, memory and complex verbal arithmetic function were decreased after sleep deprivation. All of these functions are known to be related to the right anterior hemisphere. For localization scales, the scores of right frontal and right temporal dysfunction scale were increased after sleep deprivation. These results indicate that sleep deprivation has a negative effect on cognitive functions, especially those associated with right anterior hemisphere or subcortical areas.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Eye injuries in outpatient clinic of Department of Ophthalmology Medical University Gdansk in 1992-1993 and 2002-2003 years].

The aim of this study was the statistical and epidemiological analysis of patients with eye injuries. We analyzed all patients attending the emergency department of Department of Ophthalmology Medical University in Gdansk over the period of 1992-1993 and 2002-2003 years. We determined the visual function (visual acuity- distance and near Snellen acuity test, intraocular pressure measurement, biomicroscopy, ophthalmoscopy, X- ray examination and US -examination) in two groups of subjects. The 6427 patients were subjected in the first period (37% with eye injuries). In the second period we examined 10512 patients (44% with eye injuries). A total of visits have been examined in the first period: 24.1% of patients were between 19-25 and 48% between 26-50 years. In the second group of patients 35.7% of patients were between 19-25 and 30.3% were between 26-50 years. In the both periods we observed mainly corneal injuries. Corneal foreign body and corneal abrasion were the most common etiology among close eye injuries in both groups. A total of visits have been examined: 7.78% with the first group and 8.95% was with burns. There were 1.89% in the first and 5.75% in the second period of severe eye injury such as penetrating ocular trauma, orbital fracture and intraocular foreign body. The main causative activity of ocular injuries in both groups was work (5.80% group I and 23.80% group II), assault (36.20% group I and 47.75% group II) and traffic accidents (4.84% group I and 12.05% group II). Results of our work indicated that ocular trauma is a common cause of improvement of visual acuity and a common cause of visit to the Emergency Department of Department of Ophthalmology.

Adult↗

PubMed2005

[Take high of the study of VDT related eye symptoms].

The characteristics of visual display terminal (VDT) and related eye symptoms were analyzed. Research of the effect of VDT on visual function, visual development and characteristics of ocular surface was presented. Currently research still stays in the initial stage. Intensive research of VDT related eye problem will provide effective prevention and treatment methods for clinic work.

Asthenopia↗