SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “ARTIFICIAL LIMB”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources

PubMed1989

The theoretical development of a multichannel time-series myoprocessor for simultaneous limb function detection and muscle force estimation.

This paper details the theoretical development and simulation of a complete time-series myoprocessor which provides reliable and economical predictions of both the magnitude and direction of limb motion from the spectral content of the surface EMG. Treating multiple channels of surface EMG as a vector-valued autoregressive process incorporates spatially distributed information which extends the operating range of parallel filtering limb function classifiers and reduces their sensitivity to modeling conditions. Active joint moment is estimated simultaneously from the pooled variance of the prewhitened EMG generated during the classification procedure. Estimation from the prewhitened sequence imposes no additional computational requirements and extends optimal myoprocessors to include multiple channels of serially dependent data. Such a system may be applied to the control of actively powered prostheses or orthoses.

Artificial Limbs↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A preliminary investigation of pelvic obliquity patterns during gait in persons with transtibial and transfemoral amputation.

Differences in pelvic obliquity between small groups of persons with unilateral lower limb amputation and subjects without amputation were analyzed. Kinematic walking data were collected as six males with transtibial amputation and three males with transfemoral amputation walked over a range of speeds. The pelvic obliquity patterns and amplitudes from the groups with amputation were compared to normal data. Results showed that smaller peak-to-peak amplitudes of pelvic obliquity were associated with higher amputation levels. Pelvic drop during early prosthetic-limb stance tended to be smaller than during early sound-limb stance. Most of the subjects with amputation exhibited an obliquity pattern in which the hip on the prosthetic side was raised above the stance-side hip during prosthetic swing phase, indicative of a compensatory action known as hip-hiking. The subjects with transfemoral amputation exhibited this hip-hiking pattern during sound-limb swing phase as well. Results from this study suggest that further investigation is required to determine those limitations of current prosthetic technology that adversely affect pelvic obliquity in the gait of persons with amputation, and to determine if significant benefit can be realized by restoring a normal pattern of pelvic obliquity to the gait of persons with amputation.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Walking symmetry and energy cost in persons with unilateral transtibial amputations: matching prosthetic and intact limb inertial properties.

OBJECTIVES: To investigate the hypothesis that increasing the mass and moment of inertia of the prosthetic limb of people with unilateral, transtibial amputations to match the mass and moment of inertia of the intact limb improves walking symmetry without increasing energy cost. DESIGN: Gait symmetry and metabolic energy cost of walking for six subjects with unilateral, transtibial amputations were evaluated under three prosthesis loading conditions. SETTING: University research laboratory. SUBJECTS: Six ambulatory individuals with unilateral, transtibial amputations. INTERVENTIONS: Subjects walked at 1.34 m/sec under three prosthetic limb loading conditions: (1) no added load; (2) loading that produced a match of prosthetic shank and foot mass and moment of inertia with those of the intact limb (100% load); and (3) a load that was half that of the 100% condition (50% load). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Step length, swing time, stance time, and metabolic energy expenditure. RESULTS: As mass and moment of inertia of the prosthetic limb became more closely matched to the intact limb, step length, swing time, and stance time became less symmetrical. Energy cost for the 100% load condition was significantly greater (6% to 7%) than the baseline and 50% conditions. CONCLUSIONS: The loading configuration required to produce a match in the moments of inertia of the prosthetic and intact lower legs resulted in greater gait asymmetry and higher energy cost.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

Parosteal osteosarcoma. Treatment by wide resection and prosthetic replacement.

We have reviewed 20 cases of parosteal osteosarcoma treated by wide local resection and prosthetic replacement and followed up for six to 17 years. Limb function was excellent in 85%. One patient with grade III histological disease developed pulmonary metastases. Four patients had local recurrences, which were related to repeated preliminary biopsies, inappropriate siting of biopsy and vascular encroachment by the tumour. After this mode of treatment, the outcome was not related to medullary invasion by the tumour.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Construction methods and materials for external prostheses--present and future.

In the first part of this paper the methods of constructing lower limb prostheses and their major components are discussed. Attention is paid to the foot, shank, knee joint, swing control, thigh, and hip joint. The second part is devoted to the use of thermoplastics in prosthesis and orthotics. Thermoplastics are polymers of varying chain length which can be moulded when heated. The properties of the various materials are discussed and their potential use described.

Amputation, Surgical↗

PubMed1985

[Prosthetic treatment of the upper extremities].

There are functional limits for hand- or arm-replacements. This paper wants to demonstrate the state of the art in prothetic supply for upper limb amputees. Major developments in limb prothetics must not let us forget the very important functionality of the amputation stump. After discussing essential principles in prothetic supply the different prothetic systems are presented. According to the level of amputation and to the condition of the stump the appropriate prothesis is discussed. Problematic cases are considered. Operations for a maximum functional restoration of the amputation stump are explained in detail.

Amputation Stumps↗

PubMed2005

The geriatric amputee.

There are special aspects of aging with an amputation and with being elderly at the time of an amputation. Older adults who have undergone amputation have many issues to contend with, including comorbidities that affect postoperative care and rehabilitation, general deconditioning and loss of mobility (especially if the onset of rehabilitation is delayed), and lack of social support upon returning to the community. These problems are compounded by a lack of knowledge about caring for the residual limb and prosthesis, maintenance of general health, and management of comorbid conditions. People who have sustained an amputation at an early age and who are ambulatory may find increasing difficulties as they age. Acquired chronic disease occurs more frequently as people age. These conditions can adversely affect function after amputation. Prosthetic designs may need modification because certain components may become more difficult to use. The prevention of a (second) amputation results in saving a limb and preserving self-image and independent function. Considering the emotional and economic cost of amputation and lifelong management of a prosthesis, it is worth the time and effort to practice preventive measures. Should amputation become necessary, careful patient assessment, compassionate management, and communication among the team members results in a more favorable outcome. Including the physiatrist early in the clinical course makes this process easier.

Aged↗

PubMed2006

Changes in lower extremity prosthetic practice.

In recent years, much attention has been given to the revolution in new materials for prosthetics and the components that they have made possible. The average weight of a delivered prosthesis has decreased, currently available components offer improved function and superior symmetry of gait, and limb interfaces provide superior skin protection and comfort. The focus on the features of these components sometimes has led to neglect of the basic elements of prosthetic design--the fit and the alignment. If the fit and alignment are on the mark, an amputee can function at remarkably high levels with rudimentary components. This article discusses the basics of lower extremity prosthetic practice and addresses challenges for the future.

Amputation, Surgical↗

PubMed2001

Rehabilitation of a quadruple amputee subsequent to electrical burns sustained whilst hang gliding.

PURPOSE: The purpose of this article is to describe the management, difficulties encountered and level of independence achieved during the initial stage of a quadruple amputee's rehabilitation. METHOD: This is a case study of the rehabilitation of the first known person losing all four limbs due to electrocution whilst hang gliding. RESULTS: The patient became a successful upper limb prosthetic user and returned to work six hours a day. Full independence in activities of daily living was not achieved nor considered practical. Independent walking was accomplished in physiotherapy. however an electric wheelchair remains the only functional means of mobility. CONCLUSION: The rehabilitation is described in detail to assist those managing such a rare and complex case.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1999

Syme amputation for the treatment of fibular deficiency. An evaluation of long-term physical and psychological functional status.

BACKGROUND: Syme amputation is an accepted treatment for fibular deficiency. With improvement in limb-lengthening procedures, there has been renewed interest in limb salvage for these patients. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the physical and psychological results in ten young adults who had had a Syme amputation for the treatment of fibular deficiency when they were children. METHODS: The evaluation consisted of physical examination, prosthetic assessment, psychological testing, and physical performance testing of knee extension and flexion with use of a Cybex-II dynamometer. RESULTS: Five patients reported no difficulty with the involved limb since the Syme amputation, four had had minor secondary procedures (three medial distal femoral or proximal tibial hemiepiphyseodeses, one reconstruction with an autologous patellar ligament graft, one revision of the stump, and one tibial osteotomy) on the affected extremity, and one had mild instability of the knee that had been treated nonoperatively. All ten patients had an appropriate, functional Syme prosthesis, and none reported difficulty with walking or running. On psychological testing, this group generally did not differ from the norm with regard to occupational satisfaction, personal growth, relationships with family members and peers, and recreational behavior. The patients' overall assessment of self-reported quality of life and self-esteem was similar to that of normative adult samples. In general, these patients were leading active, productive lives and had always done so. CONCLUSIONS: On the basis of the results of this study, we concluded that young adults who have had a Syme amputation apparently are not limited in their ability to pursue and achieve personal goals. In order to justify recommending limb salvage rather than early Syme amputation for the treatment of fibular deficiency, the results of multistaged lengthening and reconstruction would have to match the functional, psychological, and cost-effective results for the patients whom we studied, who had had a Syme amputation.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1984

Shape sensing as an educational aid for student prosthetists.

An automatic method of measuring the shape of plaster replicas of residual limbs has been developed. This instrument enables the full three-dimensional shape to be digitized and stored on computer. The shape modifications produced by student prosthetists are examined by requesting the computer to draw sections of the unmodified replica with corresponding sections following modification superimposed. This paper reports experiences with the use of this instrument as a teaching aid for student prosthetists.

Allied Health Personnel↗

PubMed1990

New developments in recreational prostheses and adaptive devices for the amputee.

Regardless of age, conventional prostheses and traditional rehabilitation programs no longer meet the needs and expectations of active amputees. The emphasis on fitness, the availability of stronger and lighter materials, and strong consumer demand have led to plethora of new prosthetic designs by progressive prosthetists and engineers. Prosthetic training techniques now take into account the amputee's recreational and sports needs and desires, using advanced athletic training concepts to achieve superior performance in a wide variety of activities. The surgeon, as a key member of the amputee team, should be aware of these profound changes so that they may contribute his or her skill in surgically crafting an optimally functional residual limb. This will allow the amputee to reach for the maximum in cardiopulmonary fitness while achieving social reintegration after amputation. The combination of skills, concepts, and techniques of the amputation surgeon, prosthetist, and therapist/trainer has led to a unique situation, in which for the first time, amputees are able to successfully compete in sports because of their prostheses, rather than in spite of them.

Amputation, Surgical↗

PubMed1989

Prosthetics, orthotics, and assistive devices. 1. General concepts.

This self-directed learning module highlights the general concepts and new advances in the area of orthotics and prosthetics. This general overview is part of the chapter on prosthetics, orthotics, and assistive devices for the Self-Directed Medical Knowledge Program Study Guide for practitioners and trainees in physical medicine and rehabilitation. This section contains essential information on spinal, lower and upper limb orthotics, lower and upper limb prosthetics, juvenile prosthetics, kinesiology, motion analysis, and assistive devices such as canes and crutches. This article establishes a foundation on which the second, third, and fourth articles of this chapter will build. The three articles to follow review newer developments in specialized seating and assistive devices, prosthetics, and the orthotic management of selected disorders.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Prosthetic reconstruction for tumours of the distal tibia and fibula.

We have carried out prosthetic reconstruction in six patients with malignant or aggressively benign bone tumours of the distal tibia or fibula. The diagnoses were osteosarcoma in four patients, parosteal osteosarcoma in one and recurrent giant-cell tumour in one. Five tumours were in the distal tibia and one in the distal fibula. The mean duration of follow-up was 5.3 years (2.0 to 7.1). Reconstruction was achieved using custom-made, hinged prostheses which replaced the distal tibia and the ankle. The mean range of ankle movement after operation was 31 degrees and the joints were stable. The average functional score according to the system of the International Society of Limb Salvage was 24.2 and five of the patients had a good outcome. Complications occurred in two with wound infection and talar collapse. All patients were free from neoplastic disease at the latest follow-up. Prosthetic reconstruction may be used for the treatment of malignant tumours of the distal tibia and fibula in selected patients.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

A systematic literature review of the effect of different prosthetic components on human functioning with a lower-limb prosthesis.

A correct prosthetic prescription can be derived from adapting the functional benefits of a prosthesis to the functional needs of the prosthetic user. For adequate matching, the functional abilities of the amputees are of value, as well as the technical and functional aspects of the various prosthetic components. No clear clinical consensus seems to be given on the precise prescription criteria. To obtain information about different prosthetic components and daily functioning of amputees with a prosthesis, we performed a systematic literature search. The quality of the studies was assessed with the use of predetermined methodological criteria. Out of 356 potentially relevant studies, 40 studies eventually qualified for final methodological analysis and review. Four satisfied all the criteria and were classified as A-level studies, 26 as B-level, and 10 studies as C-level studies. Despite a huge amount of literature, our formal clinical knowledge had considerable gaps concerning the effects of different prosthetic components and their mechanical characteristics on human functioning with a lower-limb prosthesis. Therefore, with regard to prosthetic guideline development, we must still largely rely on clinical consensus among experts. The integration of knowledge from research with the expert opinion of clinical professionals and the opinions and wishes of consumers can form a solid base for a procedure on guideline development for prosthetic prescription.

Amputation, Surgical↗

PubMed2002

A wireless telemetry system for training users of upper limb prostheses.

Telemetry from prosthetic systems is useful in aiding the users and clinical team in setting up and training and monitoring in the use of a prosthesis. The different forms are discussed and a new radio frequency based telemetry system is described. This system uses a computer to display the data and a video mixer to place the information on the same screen as the image of the user so that their actions and control signals can be simultaneously recorded for later study.

Amputation, Surgical↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[The rehabilitation of wounded patients with limb stumps].

The article is based on the experience of the Regional Military Hospital in treatment of 165 patients with extremity stumps as a result of gunshot injuries. All the patients had various stump diseases. In the course of rehabilitation process physical and psychological training was applied to accustom the patients to prosthetic appliances, and to prepare the stump for prosthesis. A special attention was paid to the treatment of purulent complications and to training in prosthetics.

Amputation Stumps↗

PubMed1999

Development of a finite element model of a transtibial socket liner--an initial study.

A number of computer models of limb loading by lower limb prostheses have been developed to date, however their accuracy and clinical usefulness is somewhat debatable. This paper is the first in a series describing investigations into the behaviour of a transtibial socket under compressive loading. The work focuses upon the socket liner and its role in reducing and redistributing stresses within the socket. This initial study used non-linear finite element analysis to replicate the effect of pressure loading on a polyurethane socket liner in the region of a bony prominence. It is a first step in understanding the load transfer between the residual limb, socket liner and socket of a transtibial prosthesis. The Mooney Rivlin material model [1] was used to simulate the polyurethane socket liner and compression tests in accordance with BS903 [2] were performed to gain the necessary data to calculate the Mooney Rivlin constants. Experimental validation showed that a very accurate, large-strain representation of the material was achieved. Future work will model more complex, three-dimensional geometries.

Artificial Limbs↗