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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Correspondence between statistically derived behavior problem syndromes and child psychiatric diagnoses in a community sample.

The correspondence between Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (3rd ed.) (DSM-III) diagnoses and statistically derived syndromes was examined within a community sample of children and adolescents in Puerto Rico. Specifically, the extent to which behavior dimensions, derived from the Child Behavior Checklist and the Youth Self-Report, corresponded to psychiatric diagnoses, derived from parent and child versions of the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children, was examined. The alternative approaches for assessing psychopathology in children and adolescents were compared against external validators. The results indicated a meaningful convergence between DSM-III diagnoses and statistical syndromes; however, a one-to-one correspondence did not emerge. Little evidence was found for "diagnostic thresholds." There was no evidence of the superiority of either the statistically derived syndromes or the DSM-III diagnoses. The incorporation of a measure of impairment improved the validity of both approaches. Adding parental reports to the self-reports of adolescents yielded little gain in the validity of either the statistical or diagnostic approach. The implications for the definition and assessment of child and adolescent disorders are discussed.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1998

Meta-analytic investigation of the effectiveness of self-regulatory components in the treatment of adult problem behaviors.

The present paper utilized meta-analysis to examine the effectiveness of interventions in which components of self-regulation theories (e.g., self-monitoring, self-reinforcement) were the primary treatment intervention utilized in treating habit disturbances, depression, anxiety and health-related problems with adults. The effect size (ES)1 comparing interventions utilizing all combinations of self-regulatory components to no intervention at all was d = .25 (p < .005). The ES comparing interventions utilizing self-monitoring (SM) plus any other self-regulatory component(s) to interventions utilizing SM alone was d = .42 (p < .001). Differential effectiveness was demonstrated for various combinations of self-regulatory components.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The relation of temperament and social factors to behavior problems in three-year-old children.

Using data obtained during an epidemiological survey of the total population of three-year-old children on the island of Martha's Vineyard, an investigation was made of the relationship of temperament characteristics and social factors to behavior adjustment in 90 children. The analyses show that according to mothers' reports, inflexibility, a temperament characteristic of the child, negative parent-child interaction and high family stress are most highly associated with poor behavior adjustment. A path analysis suggested the hypothesis that flexibility of the child and positive parent-child interaction curtail the overall adverse effect of high family stress on behavioral adjustment in children.

Child Behavior Disorders↗
PubMed1992

Behavioral problems in sons of incarcerated or otherwise absent fathers: the issue of separation.

The decade of the 1980s witnessed more than a doubling in the number of incarcerated individuals. Little is known about the psychological reactions of children whose parents are incarcerated, although a variety of behavioral disorders apparently related to separation, stigma, and deception of the child has been reported. The possibility of aggressive or antisocial behavior emerging in sons of incarcerated fathers has been mentioned as of particular concern in some reports. This article discusses salient themes in the literature on the reactions of children to parental incarceration, with an emphasis on boys' reactions to incarceration of their fathers. It critiques this literature and compares the findings with literature on the effects of separation in father absence related to other causes (for example, divorce, death, military service). Behavioral or emotional disorder associated with paternal incarceration probably is related mainly to associated factors such as the meaning of the incarceration to the child, the remaining caretaker's psychological characteristics and psychopathology, the parenting relationship between the caretaker and the child, and the coping capacities and resources of the family, rather than to the separation itself. Recommendations for further research in this increasingly important field are provided.

Child↗
PubMed1973

The use of a "token helper" in the management of classroom behavior problems and in teacher training.

A grade-four class teacher was trained in the use of token and verbal reinforcement by an experienced "token helper", who demonstrated the procedures in the classroom. The introduction of a simple token system resulted in significant decreases in the disruptive behavior of 10 pupils in two morning periods. When the token helper withdrew from the classroom, the teacher managed the token system and maintained disruptive behavior at lower than baseline levels.

Journal Article↗
PubMed2000

Association of a functional polymorphism of the serotonin transporter gene with anxiety-related temperament and behavior problems in children: a longitudinal study from infancy to the mid-teens.

A polymorphism in the promoter region of the serotonin transporter gene (5-HTTLPR) has been associated with anxiety-related personality traits in adults. Initial studies showed that the short allele was associated with higher neuroticism, anxiety and harm avoidance. However, most attempts to replicate these findings have been negative. Because the association of candidate polymorphisms with behavioral traits may vary with stage of development, we investigated the association using participants in a longitudinal study of childhood temperament. DNA was available for 660 children who had been assessed for temperament from 4-8 months to 15-16 years, and for behaviour problems from 3-4 years to 15-16 years. No significant associations were found at most ages. However, at ages 13-14 years and 15-16 years, the long/long genotype was associated with higher anxiety. These findings do not support an association of the short allele with anxiety-related traits in early life.

Adolescent↗