SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “CHOLECYSTOGRAPHY”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources

PubMed1979

Multiseptate gallbladder. Report of a case with a review of literature.

Multiseptate gallbladder is an extremely rare anomaly, the number of reported cases not having exceeded ten. In this 37-year-old man with a complaint of occasional nausea, vomiting and abdominal pain, intravenous cholecystography combined with tomography demonstrated a normal size gallbladder with many thin septa. The removed gallbladder had multiple intercommunicating locules divided by thin septa, looking like a honeycomb on the cut surface. The bile contained was dark brown in the neck and much lighter in color in the fundus, suggesting a disturbed bladder function. Histologically, some of the septa lacked the muscularis. He has been free of the previous complaints after surgery. Eight similar cases already documented are reviewed with a discussion on the embryogenetic aspect of this anomaly.

Adult↗

PubMed1970

Diagnosis of obstructive jaundice.

The diagnosis of obstructive jaundice remains difficult yet vital, since operative decompression may relieve extrahepatic blockage, but operation can only harm patients with intrahepatic block or parenchymal cell inflammation or necrosis. Three new diagnostic methods (liver scanning, angiography, and transjugular transhepatic cholangiography) are reviewed, as is bilirubin metabolism, so important in the diagnosis of jaundice. Three clinical problems are discussed: extrahepatic obstruction due to cancer of the pancreas, biliary atresia causing jaundice in the newborn, and the diffuse ductal obstruction known as sclerosing cholangitis.An accurate diagnosis can usually be made with standard diagnostic techniques, such as history, physical examination and biochemical tests, and, when appropriate, gastrointestinal x-ray studies, cholecystography and cholangiography, liver biopsy, observation of the patient's course, and the three new radiological approaches mentioned above. Extrahepatic obstructive jaundice is an indication for surgical treatment, except perhaps in cases of sclerosing cholangitis.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

[Sonographic diagnosis of gallbladder diseases].

In a prospective study of 174 patients referred for cholecystography, an ultrasound study (gray scale technique) was also carried out and the results of the two examinations were compared. The ultrasound examination served to demonstrate a normal gall bladder in 96% of the patients and, based on typical sonographic findings, permitted the diagnosis of cholecystolithiasis in 97%. The ultrasound examination can be carried out prior to the X-ray study as a screening method and has particular value in the work-up of patients with unclear right upper quadrant abdominal pain.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

[Cholestatic hepatitis. Presumptive role of ticlopidine].

A seventy-one-year-old woman presented with jaundice (total bilirubinemia 91 microM, conjugated bilirubinemia 76 microM) and cytolysis (ALAT greater than 6 N) after ten days of pentoxifylline-ticlopidine combination therapy. Blood count was normal excepting transient anemia. Protein electrophoresis was normal. Jaundice resolved 10 days after both drugs had been discontinued. Viral serology (B, A, nonA-nonB, mononucleosis, cytomegalovirus, herpes simplex virus) was negative. Ultrasonography and cholecystography were normal. Responsibility of a drug is therefore likely and we are inclined to incriminate ticlopidine as two similar cases have previously been observed.

Aged↗

PubMed1984

[Value of sonography, computer tomography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy and nuclear magnetic tomography in diseases of the gallbladder and bile ducts].

The effectiveness of ultrasound, computed tomography, hepatobiliary scintigraphy and nuclear magnetic resonance in diseases of the biliary tract is described. Ultrasound should be the first examination in clinical suspicion of cholelithiasis and has a higher accuracy than oral cholecystography. Computed tomography is very expensive and should be carried out in suspected gallbladder carcinoma, cholecystitis with abscess formation, tumour in the porta hepatis and pancreatic head and in sonographically unclear cases. Nuclear magnetic resonance can determine the ability of the gallbladder to concentrate bile. Ultrasound can distinguish with high accuracy between obstructive and inflammatory jaundice. In clinical suspicion of bile duct lesions an infusion cholangiogram must be carried out, if bilirubin is lower than 5 mg%; if bilirubin is higher, an ERC or PTC should be performed. If in biliary obstruction a suspicion of tumour in porta hepatis or head of the pancreas is present, computed tomography should be effected.

Bile Duct Diseases↗

PubMed1984

Long-term effects of cholecystostomy on gallbladder function.

In eight patients without a history of gallbladder disease, cholecystostomy was performed for acute pancreatitis (four patients) and blunt abdominal trauma (four patients). In one case only, acute cholecystitis developed after discontinuation of the cholecystostomy. Six patients were followed for a mean period of 3.9 years, after which the gallbladder function was evaluated. Cholecystography and ultrasonography demonstrated good visualisation of the gallbladder without signs of gallstones. The contraction of the gallbladder produced by cholecystokinin varied. This could be due to adhesions impairing the motility of the gallbladder. After cholecystostomy in a previously normal gallbladder, its function will become normal in most patients. If no signs of gallbladder disease develop within the first year after cholecystostomy, the risk of late complications is minimal.

Adult↗

PubMed1983

An increased familial frequency of gallstones.

Despite the very high prevalence of gallstone disease, studies of familial factors are very few, and asymptomatic family members were not studied. We studied, in a prospective manner, the frequency of gallstones in 171 first-degree relatives of patients with proven gallstones compared with 200 matched controls. All subjects were studied by oral cholecystography, and their height, weight, blood glucose, cholesterol, and other parameters were measured. Gallstones were found in 20.5% of the family group and in 9.0% of the control group. Gallstones were found in 22.8% of the female and 16.7% of the male family members as opposed to 10.3% of the female and 8.0% of the male controls. All these differences were statistically significant. Known risk factors, such as Ashkenazi community group, higher age, and overweight, were more frequent in the control group, as were blood glucose and cholesterol. These findings strengthen the validity of the twofold higher frequency of gallstones found in the family group and are likely to be due to genetic factors. A formal genetic family study of gallstone disease is now indicated, using the ultrasonic method.

Adult↗

PubMed1982

[Truncal vagotomy and cholelithiasis].

A group of 50 patients with total vagotomy plus pylorolasty are studied with pre and postoperative cholecystography in a four years follow-up. 50 patients with parietal cell vagotomy (selective vagotomy) served as control group. The AA. study the correlation of gallbladder dilatation with gallstones formation after total vagotomy. On the contrary parietal cell vagotomy prevents these dysfunctions.

Cholelithiasis↗

PubMed1982

Gallbladder anomalies and cystic fibrosis.

Ultrasonography of the bladder was undertaken in 46 children suffering from cystic fibrosis (CF) and 45 controls. In the groups over 3 years of age, there was a statistically significant difference in the size of the gallbladders. Micro-gallbladders and macro-gallbladders were more common in children with CF. There was good correlation between the findings on cholecystography, intravenous cholangiography and ultrasonography when all three investigations were performed. There was no relationship between abnormal gallbladders and abdominal pain, steatorrhoea or the enzyme replacement dose required in the children with CF.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1982

Cholelithiasis in childhood and adolescence. A review.

Cholelithiasis and cholecystitis are uncommon in childhood and adolescence. Misconceptions as to the aetiology, natural history, diagnosis, and therapy of these conditions prompted us to review our experience. Nineteen patients ranging in age from 7 to 18 years underwent cholecystectomy for gallstones at the University of Illinois Hospital, Chicago, between June 1970 and June 1979. Seventeen patients were female and 2 male (ratio 8.5:1). The cause was unknown in 12 patients (63%) but in 7 patients (37%) haematological disease was the underlying disorder. The most common presenting symptom (95%) was vague right upper quadrant or epigastric pain, often ignored or mistaken for peptic ulcer pain. Oral cholecystography demonstrated gallstones in 15 of 16 patients. Ultrasonography, used more recently, was positive in 3 patients intra-operative cholangiography in 12 patients, and common duct exploration in 1 additional patient, failed to demonstrate calculi. No patients were readmitted for recurrent or retained biliary calculi after cholecystectomy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1981

The effect of intravenously administered Palerol and Litalgin on the contraction of the human gallbladder.

One ampule of Palerol and one of Litalgin (combination preparations with vagolytic, smooth-muscle relaxing, and analgesic effects) were injected intravenously in a double-blind study in random order to 19 patients having a routine oral cholecystography. Palerol had a significant dilatation effect on the smooth muscle of the contracted gallbladder, but Litalgin only prevented further contraction caused by fatty meals. Side effects were minimal. Palerol seems to be useful in acute gallstone attacks.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Reaction between x-ray contrast media and dyes and hepatocyte plasma membranes].

It has been shown in experiments in vitro that the hepatotrophic organic anions, the radiographic contrast agent (RCA) bilignost used in cholecystography and Bengal pink, have an affinity, unlike the urographic RCA triombrin and renotrophic dye indigo-carmine, for the plasmatic membranes (PM) of liver cells. Hydrophobic interaction has been ascertained to be of primary importance in the course of Bengal pink binding to PM of hepatocytes. PM has a higher capacity for binding Bengal pink as compared to that of lysosomal and microsomal membranes of liver cells. The binding capacity of uterine and renal PM is about 2.5 and 3 times less, respectively than that of liver PM, that is accounted for by differences in the number of binding sites on the membranes with a similar affinity for the dye. The results obtained indicate that PM of liver cells carry specific binding sites responsible for recognition and selective absorption of the hepatotrophic organic anions.

Animals↗

PubMed1978

The effect of intravenously administered proxyphylline and Baralgin on the contraction of the human gallbladder.

In subsequent studies 300 mg of proxyphylline (Group 1) and 1 amp Baralgin (Group 2) were administered intravenously to 20 patients in order to study the relaxing effect of proxyphylline and Baralgin on the contracted gallbladder in connection with routine oral cholecystography. After the standard contraction meal (200 ml cream) the intravenously administered proxyphylline had no relaxing effect on the human gallbladder, whereas Baralgin caused a significant dilation. The dilation effect lasted throughout the whole study period (60 min). Proxyphylline concentrations in the serum, determined by gas-liquid chromatography, proved to be on the therapeutic level which is said to be effective in the treatment of obstructive pulmonary disease. Because with proxyphylline no dilation effect on the gallbladder was found, the clinical spasmolytic response to proxyphylline during an acute attack of pain in a patient suffering from gallstones seems to be questionable. Baralgin caused a significant dilation effect on the gallbladder, and it seems to be a useful agent in an acute gallstone attack.

Adult↗

PubMed1980

Prevalence of gallstones and risk factors in Caucasian women in a rural Canadian community.

The prevalence of gallstones and gallbladder disease was studied in a rural Caucasian population. All the women aged 15 to 50 years were asked to complete a questionnaire, undergo cholecystography and keep a food record for 4 consecutive days. The gallbladder status was assessed in 73%. The prevalence of gallstones in this population, 167/1000, was considerably higher than that reported in the Framingham study (59/1000) but was not significantly different from that recently found in Micmac Indian women living nearby in Canada (211/1000). In contrast to all the other studies in Caucasian women, this study showed the prevalence of gallstones to peak between the ages of 30 and 39 years. The risk factors, controlled for age, were found to be obesity, a narrow range of daily energy intake, a low daily calcium intake and limited activity. Discriminant analysis showed that skinfold thickness and range of daily energy intake or all measures of obesity together correctly separated the persons with gallstones from those without.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1995

Hepatobiliary disease in cystic fibrosis patients with pancreatic sufficiency.

Focal and multilobular biliary cirrhosis are considered pathognomonic of cystic fibrosis (CF) and almost invariably have been reported in patients with steatorrhea. In contrast, patients with pancreatic sufficiency and normal absorption are considered less likely to develop liver or biliary tract problems. The authors report three patients with CF and pancreatic sufficiency, presenting with recurrent abdominal pain (unrelated to pancreatitis). All had common bile duct disease, one with multilobular cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Pancreatic sufficiency was proven by quantitative pancreatic stimulation tests, 3-day fecal fat analyses, and serum pancreatic isoamylases. All three patients had mild lung disease. Two were homozygous for the common delta F508 mutation, and the other, a delta F508 compound heterozygote. Hepatobiliary structure and function were determined by serial hepatobiliary scintigraphy, percutaneous transhepatic cholecystography, and biochemical liver function tests. Patients 1 and 3 had mild hepatomegaly, normal liver biochemistry, and distal common bile duct strictures. Patient 2 had a firm nodular liver with splenomegaly, abnormal liver biochemistry, and a cholangiographic appearance of sclerosing cholangitis. All have undergone operative treatment for persistent abdominal pain. These cases confirm the occurrence of common bile duct pathology and liver disease in patients with CF and pancreatic sufficiency. They demonstrate that liver and biliary tract disease can occur independently of the underlying disease severity and the presence of steatorrhea. Further, they suggest that obstruction of the biliary tract may be an additional factor in the evolution of liver disease in CF.

Biliary Tract Diseases↗

PubMed1995

An aggressive protocol of ESWL and dissolution therapy of gallbladder stones.

OBJECTIVES: to assess the overall efficacy and which factors are independent predictors of success of ESWL and oral dissolution therapy of gallbladder stones using an aggressive protocol (high energy shock waves -median 22 Kv- and allowance to up to 6 sessions with an electro-hydraulic lithotripter). PATIENTS AND METHODS: inclusion criteria were 1) biliary pain; 2) 1 to 3 radiolucent stones or with slight calcification; 3) total stone volume under 15 cm3, equivalent to a single stone 3 cm diameter and 4) opacified cholecystography. Data was collected prospectively for 139 consecutive patients undergoing this treatment and the stone-free curves up to 12 months were analyzed as a function of age, sex, body-mass index, total stone volume, number of stones and the presence of slight calcification. RESULTS: patients underwent a mean of 2.6 sessions (range: 1-6) and 2834 shock waves (range: 589-8175). The global stone-free rate at 12 months was 54% (95% confidence interval: 45-64%). Factors that significantly -and adversely- influenced outcome were total stone volume (P < 0.001), number of stones (P = 0.005) and slight calcification (P = 0.038), using Cox's regression. Beyond significance, these three factors showed a marked effect on the stone-free curves. CONCLUSIONS: our data suggest that, even with this aggressive protocol, these factors are clearly detrimental. Thus, the results of our study agree with the current trend to restrict this combination therapy to patients with single, non-calcified stones with a small volume, or up to 2 cm diameter as is usually quoted.

Age Factors↗

PubMed1995

The role of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy in the treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis.

OBJECTIVES: To determine the effectiveness of extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL) and adjuvant bile-salt therapy for the treatment of symptomatic cholelithiasis. DESIGN: A prospective case study. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 54 months. SETTING: A university teaching hospital. PATIENTS: Two hundred and twenty-three patients with symptomatic cholelithiasis, a gallbladder that opacified at oral cholecystography and three or fewer radiolucent stones with a maximum total dimension of 3 cm. Of these patients, 197 were given bile salts (ursodeoxycholic acid or chenodeoxycholic acid, 8 to 10 mg/kg daily) and underwent ESWL. Twenty-eight were excluded because of noncompliance with the protocol or treatment failure before termination of the ESWL procedure. INTERVENTION: ESWL with a piezoelectric lithotripter. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The success rate of the intervention, the causes of failure, associated complications and the recurrence rate of cholelithiasis. RESULTS: Of the 197 patients who underwent ESWL, 85 (43%) were free of stones after treatment. Treatment failure was caused by the following: unsatisfactory fragmentation (9%), increase in fragment size during bile-salt therapy (8%), severe diarrhea due to bile salts (3%), nonvisualization of fragments after the first ESWL (3%), acute cholecystitis (2%), persistence of small fragments at the end of the treatment protocol (2%) and acute pancreatitis (0.5%). Complications included biliary colic (21%), diarrhea (15%), acute cholecystitis (2.5%), acute pancreatitis (2%), macroscopic hematuria (2%), perirenal hematoma (0.5%) and vagal shock (0.5%). The recurrence rate was 18%. Causes of noncompliance with treatment (26%) were the length of treatment, the occurrence of biliary colic during this period and the high cost of bile salts. CONCLUSION: ESWL with bile salts as treatment for symptomatic cholelithiasis is not recommended for routine use.

Adult↗

PubMed1993

Computed tomography in predicting the efficacy of oral cholelitholysis with bile acids.

The efficacy of oral cholelitholytic therapy with chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA) and ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) in 137 patients with gallstones was studied in relation to their CT patterns. The best dissolving results were obtained in patients with the stones in isodensity and faint category (< 50 Hu) on CT. The stones with high density or heterogeneous calcification on CT were insoluble, and therefore, were contraindicated for oral cholelitholytic therapy. The attenuation value of stones was classified as complete dissolution ranged from -2 to 35 Hu (14 +/- 12 Hu, n = 13), and their upper limit of 95 percentiles was 33.4 Hu. CT analysis improved the predictability of dissolving gallstones in comparison with plain abdominal radiography or oral cholecystography (OCG). The complete dissolving rate increased from 9.49% (13/137) in patients selected by classic X-ray to 40.7% (11/27) in isodensity category on CT. Besides, radiolucent gallstones, which showed no obvious filling defect on OCG but distinct echo and shadow on B-type ultrasonography, were also insoluble.

Adult↗