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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1992

[Ocular hypotensive effect of alpha-adrenoceptor agonist and antagonist in the conscious pigmented rabbit].

It has been reported that some of the topically-used antiglaucomatics have a central ocular hypotensive effect. In this study, the influence of topical and intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration of phenylephrine, clonidine, guanfacine, prazosin, yohimbine on the intraocular pressure (IOP) was investigated in the rabbit. Male pigmented rabbits were used throughout the experiments. For measurement of IOP, an applanation pneumatonograph was used. By unilateral topical administration of phenylephrine, an increase in IOP in the eye in which instillation was performed was observed. On the other hand, a slight decrease in IOP was observed by similar treatment of prazosin and yohimbine. No significant change of IOP in the contralateral eye was observed with these drugs. On the contrary, unilateral topical administration of clonidine or guanfacine decreased the IOP of both eyes. Furthermore, the decrease of IOP was more remarkable in the contralateral eye compared to the eye which received instillation. The IOP of both eyes was decreased in a dose-related fashion by i.c.v. administration of clonidine or guanfacine. The ocular hypotensive effects of clonidine were diminished by the pretreatment by i.c.v. administration with yohimbine. These results suggest that the ocular hypotensive effect of clonidine and guanfacine is due to their alpha 2-adrenoceptor stimulation in the central nervous system.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed1976

[Diagnostic and therapeutic use of cyclopentolate cycloplegia].

0,5 p. 100 Cyclopentolate is an important short-acting cycloplegic and mydriatic preparation. It has the same effect on accommodation as the prolonged instillation of Atropine. Nevertheless it must be remembered that it is not a perfect cycloplegic; just as much as with Atropine resistance is frequently found in young children, in subjects with brown irides, in pigmented races, and above all in cases where there is a tonic spasm of accommodation producing functional signs or oculomotor imbalance.

Age Factors↗
PubMed2003

Atm-, p53-, and Gadd45a-deficient mice show an increased frequency of homologous recombination at different stages during development.

Atm, p53, and Gadd45a form part of a DNA-damage cellular response pathway; the absence of any one of these components results in increased genomic instability. We conducted an in vivo examination of the frequency of spontaneous homologous recombination in Atm-, p53-, or Gadd45a-deficient mice. In the absence of p53, we observed the greatest increase in events, a lesser increase in the absence of Atm, and only a modest increase in the absence of Gadd45a. The striking observation was the difference in the time at which the spontaneous events occurred in atm and trp53 mutant mice. The frequency of homologous recombination in atm mutant mice was increased later during development. In contrast, p53 appears to have a role in suppressing homologous recombination early during development, when p53 is known to spontaneously promote p21 activity. The timing of the increased spontaneous recombination was similar in the Gadd45a- and p53-deficient mice. This temporal resolution suggests that Atm and p53 can act to maintain genomic integrity by different mechanisms in certain in vivo contexts.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Cerec veneers--practical procedure and case presentation.

The Cerec method offers experienced users the possibility of accomplishing veneers chairside which are capable of meeting the highest functional and esthetic requirements. "Esthetic shaping" directly on the patient requires a good eye for color and form, and this requires training. The present report outlines the clinical procedure and presents three clinical cases step by step, specifically discussing the external staining technique with Pro-CAD blocks.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1950

[Blue eyes].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Eye Color↗
PubMed1992

Use of host factors to identify people at high risk for cutaneous malignant melanoma .

OBJECTIVE: To determine which host characteristics are risk factors for cutaneous malignant melanoma in order to aim prevention and early detection programs at people at high risk. DESIGN: Case-control study. SETTING: Southern Ontario. SUBJECTS: The 583 case subjects were aged 20 to 69 years and had had malignant melanoma newly diagnosed between Oct. 1, 1984, and Sept. 30, 1986. The 608 control subjects were randomly selected from a list of residents in the study area and were stratum matched for age, sex and municipality. INTERVENTION: Through in-person interviews the interviewer ascertained exposure to putative external risk factors and assessed skin colour and number of nevi on the arm, and the subject reported his or her natural hair colour at age 20 years, eye colour, skin reaction to repeated sun exposure, and freckle and whole-body nevus densities. RESULTS: Although all the host factors mentioned were significantly associated with melanoma risk when considered separately, only hair colour, skin reaction to repeated sun exposure, and self-reported freckle and nevus densities remained significant after backward logistic regression analysis. The odds ratio for melanoma was estimated to be 10.7 in people who had many nevi compared with those who had none (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.6 to 17.4), 4.0 in people who had red hair compared with those who had black hair (95% CI 1.9 to 8.2), 1.9 in people who had many freckles compared with those who had none or few (95% CI 1.3 to 2.8) and 1.4 respectively in people who burned and had a subsequent increase in tan and those who burned and had no increase in tan after repeated sun exposure compared with those who did not burn [corrected]. CONCLUSIONS: Four risk factors for malignant melanoma have been identified. Prospective evaluation of their predictive value should be done. In the meantime, however, these factors should be used to identify people apparently at high risk for malignant melanoma, who can then be targeted for early detection and prevention programs.

Adult↗
PubMed1992

Evaluation of zones of iris hypoplasia in horses and ponies.

Mass-like lesions of the iris were evaluated in 15 horses or ponies of various ages and breeds. Breed or gender predilection was not found. These lesions were most often found in blue irides at the 12 o'clock region. Because the lesions transilluminated and changed shape rapidly with changes in pupillary size, they were hypothesized to be zones of iris hypoplasia. Histologic evaluation of one specimen supported this interpretation. The lesions were not associated with any other ocular or systemic abnormality.

Animals↗
PubMed2004

Randomized double-blind study of phenylephrine 2.5% vs 10% on pupillary dilation.

PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy of phenylephrine 2.5% versus 10% on pupillary dilation, and also compare their side-effects. METHOD: Patients at the Eye Clinic Srinagarind Hospital were randomized into two groups. Patients in group 1 received 1% tropicamide and 10% phenylephrine, whereas those in group 2 received 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine. Pupil diameter, blood pressure and heart rate were measured before and after eyedrop instillation. RESULTS: Five hundred and sixty four patients were randomized into 293 patients (group 1) and 271 patients (group 2), using simple random sampling method. Mean pupil diameters before instillation in group 1 were 4.43 +/- 1.13 mm in the right eye and 4.31 +/- 0.95 mm in the left eye, whereas those in group 2 were 4.45 +/- 1.0 mm in the right eye and 4.32 +/- 0.92 mm in the left eye. After the instillation, the mean pupil diameters in group 1 were 7.58 +/- 0.96 mm in the right eye and 7.60 +/- 1.03 mm in the left eye, whereas those in group 2 were 7.17 +/- 1.04 mm in the right eye and 7.07 +/- 1.06 mm in the left eye. The difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). There was no significant difference in mean systolic and diastolic blood pressure after instillation between the two groups. However, the mean heart rate after instillation in group 1 was greater than the value in group 2 with statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION: Pupillary dilation with 1% tropicamide and 10% phenylephrine is more effective than 1% tropicamide and 2.5% phenylephrine with statistically significant difference. After single dose instillation, there was no significant difference in the mean blood pressure between the two groups.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Knowledge and behaviour of tourists towards the sun, as studied in a region of northern Greece.

INTRODUCTION: Melanoma is considered one of the most malignant cancers. Its appearance is related to various factors such as ultraviolet radiation, recurrent sunburn, and phototype. During the summer holidays approximately 14 million tourists from northern European countries visit Greece; this does not include the local tourists. AIMS: To discover the extent of European visitors' awareness of the risk of sunburn. To explore the level of knowledge gained by local and foreign tourists from preventive campaigns related to the harmful effects of sun exposure. PARTICIPANTS: The sample consisted of 802 travelers from northern European countries, and 726 Greeks who departed from the airport 'Megas Alexandros' during August and September 2002. METHODS: A structured questionnaire was used to gain data about demographics, family history of skin cancer, and identification of phototype. Also requested was information about the hours of sun exposure, and the use of sunscreen (the pattern of application and its sun protective factor [SPF]). Comparisons of mean values between groups were made by Student's t-test, and the association between categorical variables was tested by Pearson's chi(2). Regression analysis was performed to examine the influence of different factors on the likelihood of being sunburned. RESULTS: The majority of foreigners belonged to phototype II or III, while the Greek tourists belonged to phototype III. Foreigners had a higher tendency to burn and a lower tendency to tan. Of the total sample, women presented a higher prevalence of sunburn (p <0.05), and they used sunscreen more frequently (p <0.001) than men did (p <0.001), in both groups. The mean SPF used was 17.3 (SD = 8.98) for the foreigners and 16.0 (SD = 2.0) for the Greeks. The media was the main source of information for both groups. Multiple regression analysis showed that skin type was significantly associated with a high probability of sunburn (p <0.001). Moreover, freckles (p <0.05) were a predictive factor for future sunburn. CONCLUSIONS: Our study showed that skin type is the most important predictor of future sunburn. The role of the primary care physician is to promote and encourage healthy habits, including attitude towards sun exposure. Increased susceptibility to sun-induced damage of persons with phototypes I and II mandates their identification as a target group in all media campaigns.

Adolescent↗