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PubMedDate not supplied

[Changes in liver function in patients with alimentary obesity combined with cholecystitis as affected by diet therapy].

A study was made of the effect of the reduced diet including a dry protein mixture (DPM) and Ocean paste on radionuclide and clinicobiochemical indicators of the bile in 66 patients with alimentary obesity associated with cholecystitis. The control group received the reduced diet. It was noted that improvement of the patients' general status and reduction of the main clinical disease manifestations were accompanied by liver function improvement that manifested in the normalization of absorption-excretory function of hepatocytes and a more marked and significant increase in the level of the main bile, components in patients given the DPM and Ocean paste. It is concluded that the DPM and Ocean paste should be introduced into the reduced diet, since this favours an increase in the diet biological value and efficacy of the management of alimentary obesity associated with cholecystitis.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1975

Quantitative liver imaging using 131-I Rose Bengal as an index of liver function and prognosis.

A technique for assessing quantitatively hepatic function by direct measurement of liver parenchymal cell uptake of 131I Rose Bengal using a scintillation camera with a digital store and retrieval system is described. Ninety-four studies were performed on 84 patients with a variety of hepatic disorders over a two-year period, the diagnosis in each case being established by liver biopsy or laparotomy. The results were compared with the clinical, biochemical and histological assessment of the patients. A good correlation was found between the half-time for hepatic uptake of 131I Rose Bengal and the histological changes, as well as with clinical prognosis measured in terms of clinical improvement or deterioration to death. The rate of liver uptake was found to be a better index than the clearance of radioisotope from the blood and was superior to conventional biochemical investigations in both icteric and anicteric patients. The test was not shown to be of clinical value in discriminating between intra- and extrahepatic causes of jaundice. It is suggested that this technique may provide a safe and sensitive method for assessing the severity of liver dysfunction and also for monitoring clinical progress, especially in situations where liver biopsy may be unreliable or hazardous.

Biopsy↗
PubMed2002

Neonatal lupus manifests as isolated neutropenia and mildly abnormal liver functions.

Neonatal lupus is characterized by typical clinical features and the presence of maternal autoantibodies. Mothers can have systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) or Sjögren's syndrome, but are commonly not affected with any clinical disease. The major clinical manifestations in the infants are cardiac, dermatological and hepatic with rare instances of hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia or neutropenia. We describe an infant born to a mother with anti-Ro and anti-La, who had neutropenia and mildly abnormal liver functions without other major clinical features of neonatal lupus such as cardiac or dermatological manifestations. Neutropenia improved as maternal antibody was metabolized. Antibodies from both the infant and mother bound intact neutrophils, and this binding was inhibited by 60 kDa Ro. These data imply neutropenia may be an isolated manifestation of neonatal lupus. We studied the anti-Ro antibodies of 2 other mothers who gave birth to infants with complete congenital heart block and neutropenia. Their sera also bound neutrophils. Because healthy infants do not commonly undergo complete blood counts, the incidence of neutropenia among infants of anti-Ro-positive mothers may be much higher than previously recognized. Furthermore, although other factors may contribute, these data suggest that anti-60 kDa Ro is directly involved in the pathogenesis of neutropenia.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Serum bile acids and other liver function tests in hepatocellular damage from carbon tetrachloride ingestion.

The deliberate ingestion of carbon tetrachloride by a 48-year-old woman provided an opportunity to study the sequential biochemical changes of a severe but self-limited event of hepatocellular damage. The initial phase of cellular injury characterised by high levels of serum aspartate aminotransferase, ferritin and bile acids was followed by a period of partial cholestasis. This was indicated by a marked decrease in secondary bile acids and small rises in alkaline phosphatase and 5' nucleotidase. Improving liver function and regeneration became evident during this period and was associated with abnormal levels of gamma glutamyl transpeptidase. A late rise in serum ferritin and alphafetoprotein may represent a non-specific inflammatory reaction.

Alkaline Phosphatase↗
PubMed1979

Phototherapy and neonatal liver function.

Two groups of 'healthy' full-term infants with hyperbilirubinemia exposed to phototherapy for 72 h demonstrated no significant change in serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (SGPT), isocitric dehydrogenase (SICD), alkaline phosphatase (SAP), heat stable alkaline phosphatase (HSAP), total protein and albumin values; these values were similar to those of a comparable group of control infants without hyperbilirubinemia. The bilirubin levels, however, decreased significantly during this period. In a separate group of full-term infants with hyperbilirubinemia, the bromsulphalein (BSP) test before and after 72 h of phototherapy also demonstrated no signficant alteration; the results were comparable to a control group of infants. Phototherapy, even for a duration of 72 h apparently does not seem to affect liver function in infants with hyperbilirubinemia.

Alanine Transaminase↗
PubMed1975

Effects of histamine, vasopressin, and angiotensin II on hepatosplanchnic hemodynamics, liver function, and hepatic metabolism in cats.

Continuous i.v. infusions of histamine (5 mug/kg - min), vasopressin (10 mU/kg -min), or angiotensin II (0.5 mug/kg - min) were given to fasting cats. Hepatic arterial flow was decreased 30% by histamine, increased 30% by vasopressin, and not significantly affected by angiotensin, whereas portal venous flow was increased 25% by histamine, decreased 40% by vasopressin, and not significantly affected by angiotensin. The hepatic arterial conductance was decreased about 25% by histamine and angiotensin, and not significantly affected by vasopressin. The gastrointestinal conductance was decreased about 40% by vasopressin and angiotensin, and increased 25% by histamine. The conductance in the intrahepatic low pressure vessels was not affected by histamine and vasopressin, but decreased 25% during the infusion of angiotensin. These hemodynamic effects, however, were not accompanied by changes in the liver function or hepatic metabolism as judged from the splanchnic elimination of ethanol, the hepatic uptake and excretion of ICG, the hepatic oxygen consumption, and lactate and ketone production. This indicates that the functional capacity of the liver and thereby the number of sinusoids perfused is not markedly influenced by these drugs. Vasopressin caused a decrease in the oxygen consumption and an increase in the lactate production in the prehepatic splanchnic area, which may be due to a redistribution of the gastrointestinal blood flow.

Angiotensin II↗
PubMed2003

Pharmacokinetics and sedative effects in healthy subjects and subjects with impaired liver function after continuous infusion of clomethiazole.

OBJECTIVE: Clomethiazole is virtually completely eliminated by hepatic metabolism. This study was designed to assess the impact of liver impairment on its elimination and sedative effects. METHODS: Eight patients with mild liver impairment (Child-Pugh grade A), eight patients with moderate/severe liver impairment (Child-Pugh grade B/C) and eight healthy subjects of similar age were given 68 mg/kg clomethiazole edisilate according to a 24-h infusion scheme aimed at producing minimum sedation as it was intended for clinical use in patients with stroke. Concentrations of clomethiazole and its active alpha-carbon hydroxylated metabolite NLA-715 were followed in plasma and urine for 96 h and 24 h, respectively. Sedation was monitored using a scale from 1 to 6. RESULTS: The fraction excreted unchanged in urine was less than 0.2% for clomethiazole and less than 0.4% for NLA-715. Urine concentrations of clomethiazole were strongly correlated (r(2)=0.60) to plasma concentrations and approximately equal to unbound plasma concentrations. Plasma levels of NLA-715 increased steadily during the infusion, eventually reaching mean levels exceeding those of clomethiazole in all groups. Plasma clearance of clomethiazole in subjects with mildly impaired liver function was not statistically different from that of healthy controls (40 l/h vs 44 l/h). In subjects with moderate/severe liver impairment, there was a 50% reduction in clearance. Sedation was not observed except in two subjects in the Child-Pugh A group showing mild sedation. CONCLUSION: The reduced clomethiazole clearance in patients with moderate/severe liver impairment seems to call for a reduction of clomethiazole dosage. However, sedation was not observed in this group at the investigated dose level.

Area Under Curve↗
PubMed2006

HepatoProteomics: applying proteomic technologies to the study of liver function and disease.

The wealth of human genome sequence information now available, coupled with technological advances in robotics, nanotechnology, mass spectrometry, and information systems, has given rise to a method of scientific inquiry known as functional genomics. By using these technologies to survey gene expression and protein production on a near global scale, the goal of functional genomics is to assign biological function to genes with currently unknown roles in physiology. This approach carries particular appeal in disease research, where it can uncover the function of previously unknown genes and molecular pathways that are directly involved in disease progression. With this knowledge may come improved diagnostic techniques, prognostic capabilities, and novel therapeutic approaches. In this regard, the continuing evolution of proteomic technologies has resulted in an increasingly greater impact of proteome studies in many areas of research and hepatology is no exception. Our laboratory has been extremely active in this area, applying both genomic and proteomic technologies to the analysis of virus-host interactions in several systems, including the study of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection and HCV-associated liver disease. Since proteomic technologies are foreign to many hepatologists (and to almost everyone else), this article will provide an overview of proteomic methods and technologies and describe how they are being used to study liver function and disease.

Humans↗
PubMed1977

Immune complexes and abnormal liver function in haemophilia.

Abnormal 125I-Clq-binding activity was found in the sera of 94% of 55 haemophiliacs. Sera from 66% of these patients inhibited macrophage uptake of labelled aggregated human IgG in a competitive radiobioassay. These results suggest that large molecular weight immune complexes are present in these sera. Analysis of the precipitates obtained directly from the sera by addition of 4% polyethylene glycol showed either a mixture of IgG and IgM or IgM alone. There was poor correlation between the radiobioassay results and the Clq-binding activities in the whole group of 55 patients, suggesting a heterogeneous population of complexes. Nevertheless, a significant correlation was found between Clq-binding activities and the radiobioassay results in seven patients with antibodies to factor VIII, suggesting a homogeneous population of complexes. There was poor correlation between the level of immune complexes and the amount of replacement therapy the patient had received in the previous six months. Abnormal liver function tests were found in 55% of the patients studied but there was poor correlation between these abnormal levels and the Clq binding activities and radiobioassay results. Only two patients had clinical evidence of liver disease.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

Hepatitis G virus RNA is common in AIDS patients' plasma but is not associated with abnormal liver function tests or other clinical syndromes.

Hepatitis G virus (HGV) is a new virus found in 1% to 4% of blood from all donors but is more prevalent in some immunocompromised groups, with unclear clinical significance. Frozen plasma samples from 192 AIDS patients were tested for HGV RNA; 44 (23%) were positive. Positive patients did not differ from negative patients in age, gender, race, HIV infection risk factors, nor blood transfusion exposure. Hepatitis BsAg was associated with HGV infection (odds ratio [OR] = 7.7; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.4-25.0) but hepatitis C antibody was not. Mean values for liver function tests and hematologic values did not differ significantly between the groups nor did the occurrence of certain recognized AIDS-related complications. Mean CD4+ cell counts and HIV-1 plasma RNA levels were comparable in the two groups, but the mean circulating CD8+ cell count in the HGV-positive group (853+/-458 cells/microL) was higher than in the negative group (682+/-457 cells/microL; p = .03). Hepatitis G virus, although common in AIDS patients, does not appear to alter the course of AIDS nor appear as a distinct hepatitis syndrome.

AIDS-Related Opportunistic Infections↗
PubMed1998

[Alanyl-glutamine dipeptides protected the liver function by increasing the hepatic glutathione].

OBJECTIVE: Glutathione (GSH) is a major antioxidant which protects hepatic tissues from free radical injury. Alanyl-Glutamine (ALA-GLN) proved to be a precursor of GSH synthesis, was used to investigate the relationship to GSH biosynthesis which may be effective for hepatic protection. METHODS: 20 male Wistar rats were randomly divided into two groups receiving standard parenteral nutrition (STD) supplemented with or without ALA-GLN for 7 days. At 5th day 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was injected peritoneally, the blood samples for GSH, GSSG, ALT (sGPT), AKP and TBilli tests were measured after 4-8 h. RESULTS: The concentration measurements were significantly different in ALA-GLN group compared with STD animals in serum GLN (687.3 +/- 49.8) vs (504.9 +/- 38.6) mumol/L, P < 0.05), serum GSH (14.37 +/- 5.16) vs (7.08 +/- 3.16) mumol/L, P < 0.01) and in liver GSH content (6.86 +/- 2.46) vs (4.38 +/- 1.63) mumol/g liver tissue, P < 0.05). Rats in ALA-GLN group have lesser elevations in hepatic enzymes after 5-FU administration. CONCLUSIONS: The supplemented nutrition ALA-GLN protected the liver function through increasing the glutathione biosynthesis and preserving the glutathione stores of hepatic tissue.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Effect of diet therapy using horse meat on liver function of patients with metabolic-alimentary obesity].

The data are provided for the first time about the use of the national food, horse meat, in dietetic management of patients with metabolic-alimentary obesity. Horse meat is characterized by low caloricity, considerable content of full-value protein with an optimally balanced amino acid composition, high content of essential polyunsaturated fatty acids, vitamins, mineral substances. Dietetic management with the use of horse meat, a product that possesses lipotropic and choleretic properties, made in possible to reduce markedly the patients' body mass, with the reduction amounting to 54% of the excess body weight. Furthermore, such a management led to a considerable improvement of liver function. The research data permit the authors to recommend the inclusion of horse meat, a product having a high biological value, into the diets of patients suffering from metabolic-alimentary obesity.

Adolescent↗