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Results for “SCLEROSIS, MULTIPLE”

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PubMed1995

Is the frequency of multiple sclerosis increasing in Mexico?

Multiple sclerosis has steadily increased in Mexican mestizos from an apparently rare disorder in the 1970s to the second most frequent cause of admission to a neurology ward in the 1990s. Most patients belonged to high socioeconomic and educational groups. Familial incidence was low. Age at onset was younger than in other series and long term disability was milder than in patients from countries in which the disease is apparently more prevalent.

Adult↗

PubMed1979

Paroxysmal dysesthesia in multiple sclerosis.

Seven cases of multiple sclerosis with paroxysmal dysesthesias of an upper extremity were reported. This seizure characteristically is a purely sensory one induced by movements and is not accompanied by convulsions or a disorder of voluntary movements. In other ways it shares some features with other paroxysmal manifestations seen in MS. Clinical observations with subsequent neurophysiologic considerations have led to the hypothesis that paroxysmal dysesthesias are segmental symptoms with their foci lying in or about the spinal cord.

Adult↗

PubMed2003

Birth cohort effects in multiple sclerosis.

PURPOSE: To identify potential birth cohort effects in multiple sclerosis in Sweden and particularly in Stockholm county. METHODS: Data on multiple causes of death from multiple sclerosis during 1962 to 1995 in Sweden and 1968 to 1995 in Stockholm county were analyzed using age-period-cohort models and curvature. RESULTS: Mortality from multiple sclerosis was higher in Sweden than in Stockholm county, with stable time trends, slight period effects and marked age effects. Cohorts born before or after a central period, from 1910 through 1930, registered lower mortality. A periodic wave-form mortality pattern was identified, following a 5-to-6-year cycle for cohorts born before 1925 both in and outside Stockholm county, and changing to longer or irregular cycles for cohorts born after 1930. CONCLUSIONS: Although methodological constraints inducing the saw-tooth pattern cannot be excluded, these results are consistent with etiologic hypotheses claiming a role for environmental factors in multiple sclerosis.

Adult↗

PubMed1994

Cerebrospinal fluid in multiple sclerosis.

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is a clinical one which should be made by a neurologist. Examination of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) [Lowenthal (1991): Neurol Neurosurg 4:914-918], the results of evoked potential studies, and magnetic resonance imaging serve as confirmatory tests. CSF is a window which permits a glimpse into the metabolism of the nervous system. The detailed investigation of the CSF proteins has provided important clues about our understanding of the pathogenesis of MS.

Evoked Potentials↗

PubMed1995

[Multiple sclerosis--the great imitator!].

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is traditionally a clinical diagnosis based on relapsing and remitting multifocal CNS symptoms. In recent years new diagnostic tools such as cerebrospinal fluid analysis, magnetic resonance imaging and evoked potential testing have been developed. This article reviews diagnostic difficulties and discusses other medical conditions that can be mistaken for MS due to similar clinical, laboratory or radiological findings.

Central Nervous System Diseases↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Clinical aspects of fatigue in multiple sclerosis.

We studied 100 multiple sclerosis outpatients in order to assess the frequency of fatigue and to detect its relationships with other clinical findings. Fatigue was quantified by fatigue severity scale (FSS; range 1-7); current clinical neurological status and disability level were respectively scored by Kurtzke's functional systems and expanded disability status scale (EDSS). FSS mean score was 4.12; fatigue was totally absent in 3% of the patients. Fatigue started before onset of the disease in 7 patients, at onset in 12 and within the first year in 7. Fatigue intensity and frequency were related to each other. FSS mean scores were significantly higher in the patients with fatigue worsened by heat (p < 0.01), with chronic progressive disease (p < 0.0001), with motor symptoms (p < 0.0001) and with EDSS > or = 3.5 (p < 0.0001). Multiple regression analysis showed a significant effect of EDSS on fatigue (p < 0.0001), not attributable to differences in duration of the disease.

Adult↗

PubMed1998

Therapeutic and symptomatic treatment of multiple sclerosis.

The treatment of multiple sclerosis (MS) is a dynamic field that is rapidly evolving. It encompasses tow main areas. The first is the direct treatment of MS itself, having evolved from using primarily steroids to the newest immunotherapies that come from the extensive research into the immune system and the role it plays in so many diseases. The second area for treatment is in the management of the effects or symptoms resulting from MS.

Fatigue↗

PubMed1981

Inflammatory demyelinating polyradiculitis in a patient with multiple sclerosis.

A case of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurred in which there were recent demyelinated plaques in the CNS, and inflammatory demyelination and remyelination in the peripheral (Schwann cell) portions of the spinal roots. The lesions in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) were characterized by inflammation, primary segmental demyelination, myelin stripping, the occurrence of lipid debris-containing macrophages in the endoneurium, and remyelination. To our knowledge, this is the first description of simultaneous acute inflammatory demyelination in the CNS and PNS in MS.

Acute Disease↗

PubMed2001

[Value of MRI in patients with multiple sclerosis].

Diagnosis criteria of multiple sclerosis (MS) have been recently reconsidered, introducing the possibility to validate temporal dissemination with the use of MRI. In fact, MRI parameters may be considered as reflecting the biological activity of MS. MRI is used to monitor treatment in clinical trials. However, and except for particular circumstances, its use in routine follow-up of patients with MS is not recommended, because of weak correlations with clinical disability and technical difficulties of such follow-up.

Brain↗

PubMed2000

Proton MR spectroscopy in multiple sclerosis.

Axonal injury in multiple sclerosis (MS) is focal and diffuse, and is directly responsible for irreversible disability. Acute inflammatory events can be associated with reversible disability that may parallel reversible axonal injury. This in part accounts for the remission following relapses early in the disease. By the time there is clinical disability, substantial axonal injury already has occurred. This provides a strong rationale for the early limitation of inflammation and its consequences.

Aspartic Acid↗

PubMed1998

Etiology and pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis.

The cause of multiple sclerosis (MS) remains unknown despite decades of intense research. The major research disciplines that have been brought to bear on this question include genetics, epidemiology, neuropathology, immunology, and virology. Recent advances in the understanding of the inflammatory characteristics of the MS lesion may herald the development of specific and effective treatments. The goal of this research is to improve our management of a disease that remains the major cause of neurologic disability among young adults in North America and Europe.

Autoimmune Diseases↗

PubMed2001

Management of optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis.

Optic neuritis and multiple sclerosis (MS) are common causes of visual and neurologic dysfunction in young adults. Advances in magnetic resonance imaging, molecular genetics, and neuroimmunology have increased our understanding of the pathophysiology underlying both disorders. Corticosteroids remain the mainstay of treatment of optic neuritis, but alternate dosages and routes of administration are undergoing investigation. The available therapies for MS have expanded, and there is evidence that early intervention is beneficial. Treatments for MS show sustained efficacy, but are not curative, and adjunctive treatments may prove valuable in patients with progressive visual and neurologic disability.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Comprehensive rehabilitation of multiple sclerosis patients].

Rehabilitation of Multiple Sclerosis patients is one of the most specific problems because of its variable and unforeseeable course. Rehabilitation procedures of those patients must be performed individually and very elastic in every case. In this elaboration the most commonly appeared forms and course of MS have been presented. According to it the planing of the rehabilitation has been adapted. Basic rules of the exercises during the relapse and during the remission have been presented. The greatest attention has been paid to the problems of managing spasticity and the reeducation of neurogenic bladder.

Exercise Therapy↗

PubMed1999

Perils and pitfalls in the interpretation of clinical trials: a reflection on the recent experience in multiple sclerosis.

Therapeutic trials in multiple sclerosis, in part because of the marked intra- and inter-individual variability of its clinical course, are prone to serious flaws in both design and interpretation. As a consequence, it has been a common historical pattern that treatment regimens, which are enthusiastically recommended at one point in time, are later proven to be ineffective by more definitive studies. This review considers several recently published therapeutic trials in order to exemplify some of the difficulties that commonly arise in this area of clinical research.

Cladribine↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Multiple sclerosis: living the reality.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a highly variable and unpredictable disease and is considered one of the most life-altering diagnoses a person can receive (Holland and Madonna, 2005). The hallmark of this disorder is its unpredictability. This article explores the journey one individual (ML) takes from the time that seemingly trivial symptoms took on a new and disturbing meaning to the point where, as someone newly diagnosed with MS, the potential challenges of the journey ahead have to be viewed with realism, optimism, and meaning.

Anecdotes as Topic↗

PubMed1976

Toleracne to equine IgG after immunosuppression in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Fourteen patients with multiple sclerosis were given two tolerizing doses of equinine gammaglobulin followed by equine antilymphocyte globulin. Twelve were sufficiently tolerant to have no clinical symptoms of hypersensitivity, no skin reactivity and normal plasma clearance rates. Some tolerance was lost in the following months revealed by immediate wheal and flare skin reactions. No correlation between success in tolerance induction and beneficial effects on the disease process could be established in the short term follow-up period of this pilot study.

Animals↗

PubMed2003

[Multiple sclerosis: etiology and pathogenesis].

Multiple sclerosis is the most frequent disease of the central nervous system. This review includes the last achievements in studies of the etiology and pathogenesis of this disease. Immune reactions was discussed as the main mechanism, which mediates the development of this disease. The peculiarities of the pathological process in different clinical types of the disease are discussed. Heterogenic mechanisms of damage of myelin oligodendrocytes and axons is the base for the elaboration of different approaches to MS treatment.

B-Lymphocytes↗

PubMed2006

MRI-guided immunotherapy development for multiple sclerosis in a primate.

Multiple sclerosis is a serious neurological disease that affects 1 in 1000 young adults in Europe and the USA. The development of an effective therapy for this enigmatic disease is plagued by the failure of many treatments to reproduce in patients the promising effects observed in animal models. This review describes a new preclinical model in a non-human primate that might help to bridge the gap between currently used animal models and the patients.

Animals↗