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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Legal issues associated with pharmacokinetic software.

Legal issues associated with the use of pharmacokinetic computer software are discussed. One issue involves the physician's reliance on the pharmacist, as a drug therapy expert, to provide consultation on drug dosages. Another issue is the problem of liability associated with the software and how this relates to the physician, the pharmacist, and those who designed, manufactured, and sold the software. The legal concept of negligence as it relates to medical computer software is discussed. Although the programmer and the manufacturer are responsible for verifying that the program does what it purports to do, the user must exercise due care in identifying any program limitations that might influence the accuracy of a consultation. Clinical perspective, effective validation techniques, and critical selection will help to ensure that pharmacokinetic computer software is developed, purchased, and used safely and effectively.

Drug Therapy, Computer-Assisted↗
PubMed1988

A micro-computer software for the analysis of menstrual diaries: the menstrual diary system.

A microcomputer software was developed to analyse menstrual diaries following the reference period method as described in the article "The analysis of vaginal bleeding patterns induced by fertility regulating methods" published in this journal (Contraception, 34:253-260, 1986). The programme allows the analysis of groups of diaries selected according to subjects' characteristics recorded at commencement of the diary. It also offers flexibility in selecting options of analysis within the reference period method. The output can be presented graphically as Box-whisker plots. A tutorial is included in the package.

Contraception↗
PubMed1994

A computerised technique for morphometry and 3D reconstruction of embryological structures.

In the last decade we have witnessed the development of software technology capable of image analysis and morphometry [1, 8-12]. Although these methods are sometimes difficult to master in a practical sense, they are tremendously efficient and precise when applied to the study and measurement of developing biological structures, particularly in the field of embryology. In this study we describe the application on human embryos of an image analyzing system that enables one to perform quantitative analyses of the morphology and size of developing organs and structures as well as their ultimate three-dimensional reconstruction (3DR).

Analysis of Variance↗
PubMed1999

Display modes for CT colonography. Part I. Synthesis and insertion of polyps into patient CT data.

PURPOSE: To develop and validate a method for the insertion of digitally synthesized polyps into computed tomographic (CT) images of the human colon for use as ground truth for evaluation of virtual colonoscopy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Spiral CT simulator software was used to generate 10 synthetic polyps in various configurations. Additional software was developed to insert these polyps into volume CT scans. Ten polyps in eight patients were selected for comparison. Three radiologists evaluated whether two-dimensional (2D) CT images and three-dimensional (3D) volume-rendered CT images showed synthetic or real polyps. RESULTS: Edge-response profiles and noise of simulated polyps matched those of native polyps. Frequency distributions of reviewers' responses were not significantly different for synthetic versus real polyps in either 3D or 2D images. Responses were clustered around the response of "unsure" if lesions were real or synthetic. Receiver operating characteristic curves had areas of 0.54 (95% CI = 0.39, 0.68) for 3D and 0.39 (95% CI = 0.25, 0.53) for 2D images, which were not significantly different from random guessing (P = .70 and .28 for 3D and 2D images, respectively). CONCLUSION: Synthetic polyps were indistinguishable from real polyps. This method can be used to generate ground truth experimental data for comparison of CT colonographic display and detection methods.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

New simulators for the optimum management and operation of wastewater treatment plant.

This paper presents the basic description and the first full-scale implementation of a new kind of simulator specially designed to facilitate and improve the management and operation of modern wastewater treatment plants (WWTP). This new kind of simulator for plant operation is specifically adapted to every WWTP and the software is developed considering the common needs of the operators in plant exploitation. The internal structure of the plant operation simulator is based on a complete connection between the real data and the mathematical model of the plant. The software is then able to perform the processing, storage and management of the plant data and to predict the evolution of the process reading the required inputs from its stored files. The results obtained with the first application recommend the implementation of this new kind of simulators for plant operation in other treatment plants. However, it is important to note that the application of this technology implies a systematic and rigorous methodology in the acquisition and processing of the most significant plant data.

Data Collection↗
PubMed2004

Evaluation of air pollution modelling tools as environmental engineering courseware.

The study of phenomena related to the dispersion of pollutants usually takes advantage of the use of mathematical models based on the description of the different processes involved. This educational approach is especially important in air pollution dispersion, when the processes follow a non-linear behaviour so it is difficult to understand the relationships between inputs and outputs, and in a 3D context where it becomes hard to analyze alphanumeric results. In this work, three different software tools, as computer solvers for typical air pollution dispersion phenomena, are presented. Each software tool developed to be implemented on PCs, follows approaches that represent three generations of programming languages (Fortran 77, VisualBasic and Java), applied over three different environments: MS-DOS, MS-Windows and the world wide web. The software tools were tested by students of environmental engineering (undergraduate) and chemical engineering (postgraduate), in order to evaluate the ability of these software tools to improve both theoretical and practical knowledge of the air pollution dispersion problem, and the impact of the different environment in the learning process in terms of content, ease of use and visualization of results.

Air Pollution↗
PubMed1989

A microcomputer-based system for mapping microvascular networks.

A new method has been developed for mapping microvascular networks using an IBM-AT microcomputer and a video-microscope. After recording a vascular network on video tape, it can be reconstructed off-line using frame by frame analysis. A software tool, developed for mapping and editing networks, is used to prepare a montage of the network using a video cursor and mouse. Vessel lengths and diameters can also be measured from the video image using the same methodology. When the analysis is completed, the vessel network, together with a tabulation of lengths and diameters of individual vessels, can be displayed on a TV monitor or reduced to hard copy. This system provides a simple method for quantitative studies of arteriolar, venular and capillary networks.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

FAMIS: a software package for functional feature extraction from biomedical multidimensional images.

An increased number of image sequences is acquired in all modalities of the biomedical imaging field in order to study displacement or metabolism of a tracer or a contrast agent. It requires effective processing methods to estimate the underlying physiological components. We have developed a software package based on factor analysis algorithms which can adapt to various imaging modalities and its extension to double-indexed image sequences. We describe general characteristics of the software and present the main points of the user-friendly interface. The performances of the package are discussed and the possibilities of the methodology are illustrated using an example in magnetic resonance imaging.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2006

Neural network prediction of peptide separation in strong anion exchange chromatography.

MOTIVATION: The still emerging combination of technologies that enable description and characterization of all expressed proteins in a biological system is known as proteomics. Although many separation and analysis technologies have been employed in proteomics, it remains a challenge to predict peptide behavior during separation processes. New informatics tools are needed to model the experimental analysis method that will allow scientists to predict peptide separation and assist with required data mining steps, such as protein identification. RESULTS: We developed a software package to predict the separation of peptides in strong anion exchange (SAX) chromatography using artificial neural network based pattern classification techniques. A multi-layer perceptron is used as a pattern classifier and it is designed with feature vectors extracted from the peptides so that the classification error is minimized. A genetic algorithm is employed to train the neural network. The developed system was tested using 14 protein digests, and the sensitivity analysis was carried out to investigate the significance of each feature. AVAILABILITY: The software and testing results can be downloaded from ftp://ftp.bbc.purdue.edu.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1997

A decision support software package for medical treatment of I.C.U. patients.

Critically ill patients admitted in I.C.U. often have multiple complicated problems which necessitate the use of a large number of drugs. The multiple potential interactions between substances and underlying pathologies as well as between substances themselves, obviate the need for a decision support system. We therefore developed a software package for medical treatment support in I.C.U. environment which is based on Microsoft Visual Basic 3.0 and it is organised around the commercially available RDBMS Access 2.0. The database consist of: a) all available substances, b) all generic names of medications available in Greece for each substance, c) incompatibilities (2,300 cases), d) interactions (50,000 cases) and e) cost information for each drug. This system assures the safety of the administered treatment, helps to adjust the dose according to the situation of each patient (anthropometric data, laboratory result, prognostic/severity score e.t.c.) and screens for possible interactions and incompatibilities between the administered drugs. It could also be used for education, treatment algorithms application and it will serve cost-reduction policy. It is a useful and powerful tool for ICU staff which does not impose additional work to the daily practice routine and it is currently under evaluation in clinical settings.

Adverse Drug Reaction Reporting Systems↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Visual programming languages.

Visual programming languages enable physicians and other computer users with little knowledge of programming to develop computer software. The physician uses a visual paradigm to "draw" the computer interface and then attaches short segments of computer code to buttons, menus, and list boxes. The programs can be written for DOS or Windows and can be used with various printers and input devices (a keyboard, mouse, or pen). This article describes the development of an example of a medical program, which calculates the treadmill score.

Decision Support Techniques↗
PubMed2005

ICM+: software for on-line analysis of bedside monitoring data after severe head trauma.

ICM software was developed in 1986 in Warsaw, Poland and has been in use at the University of Cambridge Neurocritical Care Unit for 10 years collecting data from bed-side monitors in nearly 600 severely head injured patients and calculating secondary indices describing cerebral autoregulation and pressure-volume compensation. The new software ICM+ includes a much extended calculation engine that allows easy configuration and on-line trending of complex parameters. The program records raw signals, and calculates time trends of summary parameters. Configuration and analysis utilises arithmetic expressions of signal processing functions to calculate various statistical properties for each signal, frequency spectrums and derivatives, as well as correlations/cross-correlations between signals. The software allows configuration of several levels of analysis before calculating the final time trends. The final data are displayed in a variety of ways including simple time trends, as well as time window based histograms, cross histograms, correlations etc. All this allows complex information coming off the bed-side monitors to be summarized in a concise fashion and presented to medical and nursing staff in a simple way that alerts them to the development of various pathological processes. The system provides a universal tool for clinical and academic purposes. Its flexibility and advanced signal processing is specialized for the needs of multidisciplinary brain monitoring.

Craniocerebral Trauma↗
PubMed2002

[Tsetse fly wings, an identity card of the insect?].

The size of tsetse flies is often associated with population dynamics and vectorial capacity parameters. Adult fly size is generally estimated from measurements of wing segments. To take measure of the wing, a semi-automatic software was developed by CIRAD-EMVT and IRD. It was used in wild populations of Glossina tachinoides Westwood and G. palpalis gambiensis Vanderplank (Diptera: Glossinidae) trapped near Bobo-Dioulasso, Burkina Faso. From an numeric picture of the wing, the software calculates the length of vein segments, the ratios between these lengths, the surface of the tsetse characteristic "hatchet cell", and the greyness on the wings. The data were interesting at the level of taxonomy. In addition, they help specify physiological characteristics of the studied populations.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1992

Software suite for image archiving and retrieval.

The efficient operation of a clinical picture archiving and communication system (PACS) requires a fully functional image archive. The archive should not only be able to store and retrieve images reliably but should also work in concert with software that optimizes the flow of image-related information throughout the PACS. The authors devised a software suite that serves to improve the flow and content of information and the integrity of the data. The software was developed by translating the functions performed by a conventional film library. Types of transactions possible with this system include scheduling, canceling, rescheduling, and prestaging examinations; changing demographic information; merging patient information; and generating reports. The authors believe such a software suite is essential for a clinically useful PACS.

Data Display↗
PubMed2005

AUTOGSCAN: powerful tools for automated genome-wide linkage and linkage disequilibrium analysis.

Genome-wide linkage analysis using multiple traits and statistical software packages is a tedious process which requires a significant amount of manual file manipulation. Different linkage analysis programs require different input file formats, making the task of analyzing data with multiple methods even more time-consuming. We have developed a software tool, AUTOGSCAN, that automates file formatting, the running of statistical analyses, and the summarizing of resulting statistics for whole genome scans with a push of a button, using several independent, and often idiosyncratic, statistical software packages such as MERLIN, SOLAR and GENEHUNTER. We also describe a program, ANALYZE, designed to run qualitative linkage analysis with several different statistical strategies and programs to efficiently screen for linkage and linkage disequilibrium for a given discrete trait. The ANALYZE program can also be used by AUTOGSCAN in a genome-wide sense.

Genetic Linkage↗
PubMed1993

Use of an automated workstation to facilitate PCR amplification, loading agarose gels and sequencing of DNA templates.

A series of protocols were developed for a commercially available automated workstation to prepare samples for amplification of DNA by the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) on automated thermal cyclers, to load PCR products onto agarose electrophoretic gels and to carry out dideoxynucleotide sequencing of DNA templates. The protocols and the software programs developed reduced by two-thirds the time required to carry out the procedures manually. The programs and protocols also improved the quality and the consistency of both the PCR products and the sequencing reactions.

Base Sequence↗
PubMed1984

New directions in scientific computing: impact of advances in microprocessor architecture and system design.

The new generation of microcomputers has brought computing power previously restricted to mainframe and supermini computers within the reach of individual scientific laboratories. Microcomputers can now provide computing speeds rivaling mainframes and computational accuracies exceeding those available in most computer centers. Inexpensive memory makes possible the transfer to microcomputers of software packages developed for mainframes and tested by years of experience. Combinations of high level languages and assembler subroutines permit the efficient design of specialized applications programs. Microprocessor architecture is approaching that of superminis, with coprocessors providing major contributions to computing power. The combined result of these developments is a major and perhaps revolutionary increase in the computing power now available to scientists.

Computers↗