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PubMed1990

[Cerebral computed tomography in infantile spasms].

A prospective investigation of 52 children with infantile spasms was carried out employing computed tomography. Normal conditions were demonstrated in 21 (40%). Among the 31 children with pathological computed tomografic findings, dilatation of the ventricular system and/or subarachnoid space was found in nine cases (17%), congenital malformations in ten (19%) and cerebrovascular changes in a similar number (19%). One patient had a tumour and one had congenital toxoplasmosis. No significant differences were found in the frequencies of normal psychomotor development between children with normal and abnormal computed tomographic findings. The reason for this is probably that a good prognosis may be anticipated in the idiopathic forms provided that ACTH treatment is initiated early in the course of the disease. Computed tomography is useful to differentiate between symptomatic and idiopathic cases of infantile spasms. It may, however, be assumed that neuronal heterotopy without other malformations in the central nervous system may be difficult to diagnose with computed tomography. Magnetic resonance scanning will probably be able to demonstrate these cases.

Adrenocorticotropic Hormone↗
PubMed1979

[Intrauterine infections in the perinatal period].

The results of examinations of autopsy materials in Leningrad and the data from the literature indicate that infectious diseases occupy a significant place in perinatal mortality. It is emphasized that if the autopsy materials are not sufficiently examined using not only light but also immunofluorescent microscopy, a considerable portion of these infections is not diagnosed and the pathological proprocess in such cases in considered to be aspiration pneumonia, hyaline membrane disease, etc. The paper briefly characterizes intrauterine bacterial infections (listeriasis, syphilis, staphylococcal infections, etc.) with special reference to virus diseases (cytomegaly, herpes infection, lesions caused by respiratory viruses, etc) and mycoplasmosis. It is shown that a relatively high incidence of lesions is caused by respiratory viruses and particularly mycoplasma. The possibility of protozoan and mycotic lesions is also indicated. The frequent occurrence of combined intrauterine infections is emphasized.

Candidiasis↗
PubMed1990

Antitoxoplasma antibody in clinically suspected cases of human toxoplasmosis.

(1) Seventy sera from a variety of patients suffering from different diseases suspected to be caused by Toxoplasma gondii infection and forty from non-toxoplasmic hospital cases and laboratory and hospital staff were collected. (2) Antitoxoplasma antibody was detected in those sera by Indirect Haemagglutination test (IHA test) and Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). (3) Twenty one (30%) sera out of 70 test samples and 2 (5%) out of 40 control samples were positive by ELISA test. With IHA test only 17 (24.3%) of test samples and same 2 (5%) of control samples were positive. (4) Sera collected from Paediatric Department showed the highest positivity (40%) followed by Opthalmological group (35.7%) and obstetrics and Gynaecological group (13.6%). (5) No significant co-relation was found between the seropositivity with sex, diet and history of cat contact of the patients.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

[Toxoplasmosis].

Explore the source record for details and available documents.

Female↗
PubMed1987

Intra-uterine infections.

The incidence of intrauterine infections during pregnancy is estimated to be about 14% when laboratory methods of detection are used. The commonest infections are cytomegalovirus infection, congenital rubella followed by herpes simplex. Hepatitis B virus infection occurs fairly frequently in this region of the world. Congenital syphilis, now highly treatable, is largely under control. Preventive measures are necessary since the lesions caused by some intrauterine infections are permanent and damaging. Immunisation against hepatitis and rubella is effective. Most of these infections are spread by close intimate contact. Hence, avoidance of such contact with persons with suspected infections would be wise during pregnancy.

Cytomegalovirus Infections↗
PubMed1987

Cardiovascular effects of congenital infections.

In the course of gestation, many bacteria, parasites, and viruses may infect the pregnant woman, but few cross the placenta to affect the fetus and fewer still affect the fetal heart. Although the incidence of fetal cardiac infection is low, the effect on the fetus is major. In terms of frequency, rubella virus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Coxsackie virus B are the principal infectious agents affecting the fetal heart, but any number of organisms may cross the placenta to affect the fetus. The pathogenesis of infection of the fetal heart relates to the agent and to the time of gestation when the infection occurs. The agent affects the heart along one or more of three separate pathways: inhibition of cell growth, cytolysis, and interference with the blood supply. Most agents cause cytolysis, stimulating inflammation and scarring. Although several agents carry the suspicion of teratogenicity, only rubella virus has been incriminated with certainty as capable of functioning along each of the three pathways with the potential to serve as teratogen.

Cardiovascular Abnormalities↗
PubMed1988

Should we expand the TORCH complex? A description of clinical and diagnostic aspects of selected old and new agents.

Physicians faced with a newborn infant with signs and symptoms of perinatal infection must consider a multitude of diseases, and may need to embark on a complex differential diagnosis. As stated by Alford in 1967, "neonatal diagnoses of infections acquired in utero, natally and postnatally, are inherently difficult." Twenty years later, this statement is still true. In this review, the diagnostic problems encountered in the evaluation of a suspected perinatal infection have been discussed, as have the complexities of the evaluation process for the original four TORCH agents, as well as for three additional agents. From our point of view, the usefulness of the TORCH acronym has been to focus attention on perinatal infections. Its main drawback has been the resultant overuse of TORCH titers ignoring the complexity of the diagnostic process. Ideally, the TORCH concept serves two functions. It continues to remind us of the multiplicity of pathogens that can cause perinatal infection, and it underscores the need for thorough diagnostic evaluation for these challenging infections. We believe that this is an appropriate expansion of the TORCH complex, and we anticipate that this expanded TORCH complex will continue to grow.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Congenital infections caused by TORCH agents].

The frequency of transplacental infections varies depending on the pathogen responsible. Of the TORCH infections this paper studies the epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinics, therapy and prophylaxis of infections caused by Rubella, Varicella-Zoster, Cytomegalo and Herpes Simplex Viruses and by Toxoplasma Gondii, Treponema Pallidum.

Chickenpox↗
PubMed1986

Toxoplasmosis: a review.

Toxoplasma gondii, the causative agent of toxoplasmosis, is one of the commonest protozoan parasites of man. It is found world-wide. Although the infection is common as indicated by a high prevalence of toxoplasma antibody among almost all human populations, the clinical disease is observed in only a small proportion of those infected. The most serious complications of infection are seen in infants of women who acquire the infection during pregnancy and in immuno-compromised patients. Clinical manifestations of the disease in the normal host, in compromised hosts including acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS), in pregnancy, eye infection and the relationship of toxoplasmosis to abortion are discussed in detail. In addition, various serologic tests used in the diagnosis, their interpretation, and treatment regimens for various categories of patients are reviewed. Finally, the preventive measures and the serologic screening programs for pregnant women are discussed.

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome↗
PubMed1986

Prevention of pre- and perinatal acquired hearing defects, Part I: Study of causes.

After recalling some notions of embryology, the authors review in the light of recent literature the main causes of prenatal acquired hypoacusias (of viral, bacterial, parasitic, endocrinologic, toxic or other origins) and of perinatal acquired hypoacusias (prematurity, neonatal hypoxia, obstetrical traumatism, nuclear icterus, toxicity and others) by following a systematic course (incidence, clinical signs in the mother and child, audiologic diagnosis, anatamopathology, physiopathology, prevention, and treatment).

Birth Injuries↗