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At least 1,369 records · Page 76Linked to original sources
PubMed1993

Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic Auditory Milestone Scale in early cognitive assessment.

Correlations between the Clinical Adaptive Test/Clinical Linguistic Auditory Milestone Scale (CAT/CLAMS) and the Bayley Scales of Infant Development--Mental Scale (BSID) were examined in 61 infants and toddlers with suspected developmental delay. Highly significant correlations were found between the two instruments. Gender, race, and gestational age did not influence the relationship between CAT/CLAMS and BSID scores. The CAT/CLAMS was both sensitive (88%) and specific (67%) for mental retardation (BSID < 70). The CAT/CLAMS correlates with the BSID and can be used as an instrument for detecting cognitive delay.

Child, Preschool↗
PubMed2004

On a practitioner's need of further development of Wechsler scales. Adaptive Intelligence Diagnosticum (AID 2).

Wechsler's intelligence test-batteries are still popular yet suffer from psychometric shortcomings and lack a certain content improvement and enlargement. In this paper a new approach will be presented that suits traditional Wechsler-testing. The approach in question is the Adaptive Intelligence Diagnosticum (AID 2; Kubinger & Wurst, 2000). Due to it's "branched testing" design, AID 2 works out to be more economical and in this regard also offers other advantages, such as parallel tests and short forms. AID 2 offers a method of survey for identifying specific developmental disorders or learning disabilities. It includes an optional non-verbal instruction and a schedule for retrograde observation support of behavioral misfits. It also offers discriminative indicators for intellectual neglect vs. intellectual advancement.

Child↗
PubMed2001

Preparation of lyophilized and liquid intravenous immunoglobulin G: development and scale-up.

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Intravenous immunoglobulin G (IVIG) preparations are used in several disorders: primary and secondary immunodeficiencies, autoimmune and systemic inflammatory diseases, and in infectious diseases as effective therapy. In this work, we report a method of processing IVIG (lyophilized and liquid) from Cohn fraction II (FII) paste. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The process included the following steps: virus inactivation by heat in a solution of FII, ultrafiltration, treatment at pH 4 with traces of pepsin, diafiltration and final formulation. Optimizations for each step on a small scale are described. The method has been effectively scaled-up. RESULTS: The final product contained at least 99% monomers plus dimers of IgG, a low anti-complementary activity (AcA) < 1 CH50/mg, and the remaining quality parameters fell within the range fixed by the European Pharmacopoeia. CONCLUSION: The method described is an effective way of preparing large quantities of IVIG (lyophilized and liquid) which fulfils the standard requirements of both the European Pharmacopoeia and the World Health Organization.

Freeze Drying↗
PubMed2004

Effects of weaning cereals with different phytate content on growth, development and morbidity: a randomized intervention trial in infants from 6 to 12 months of age.

BACKGROUND: Phytate decreases iron and zinc bioavailability and contributes to deficiencies of iron and zinc, potentially causing anaemia, poor psychomotor development, impaired growth and increased risk of diarrhoea and respiratory infections. AIM: To investigate whether a reduced dietary intake of phytate, either via extensively phytate-reduced infant cereals [milk cereal drinks (MCDs) and porridge] or a milk-based infant formula, would improve growth and development and reduce morbidity in infants. DESIGN: Infants (n = 300) were, in a double-blind design, randomized to three diet intervention groups from 6 to 12 mo of age-commercial MCD and porridge (CC group), phytate-reduced MCD and phytate-reduced porridge (PR group), or milkbased infant formula and porridge with regular phytate content (IF group)-then followed until 18 mo. Dietary intake, anthropometry, development (Bayley Scales of Infant Development) and episodes of infectious diseases were registered. RESULTS: There were no significant differences between study groups in growth, development or morbidity until 12 mo of age. The IF group had a 77% higher risk (95% CI: 1.05-2.97) of diarrhoea compared to the PR group during the 12-17-mo period. Infants with haemoglobin concentration (Hb) < 110 g/l at 12 mo had lower attained weight at 18 mo (11.14 kg vs 11.73 kg, p = 0.012). Infants with serum zinc (S-Zn) <10.7 pmol/l at 12 mo had higher risk of respiratory infections (RR = 1.74, 95% CI: 1.19-2.56) compared to controls. CONCLUSION: Phytate reduction had no effect on growth, development or incidence of diarrhoeal or respiratory infections. Infants with low Hb or low S-Zn may be at higher risk of poor growth and respiratory infections, even in this high-income population.

Anthropometry↗
PubMed1979

Development of large scale fractionation methods. VII. Preparation of antithrombin III concentrate.

A large scale method for preparation of antithrombin III (AT III) concentrate from plasma or from Cohn fraction IV-1 (Fr. IV-1) has been described. It consists of the following steps: (a) partial purification by precipitation of impurities with 20% polyethylene glycol (PEG) 4000; (b) isolation of AT III from the PEG supernatant by batch adsorption and elution on heparin-Sepharose at a ratio corresponding to 45 vol of plasma or 80 vol of 10% Fr. IV-1 solution to 1 vol of gel; (c) concentration and desalting of the eluted AT III on a Pellicon ultrafiltration system; (d) pasteurization of AT III concentrate by heating for 10 h at 60 degrees C in the presence of 0.5 M sodium citrate at pH 7.5; (e) removal of excess citrate by gel filtration on Sephadex G-50; and (f) sterile filtration, filling and lyophilization. The recovery by activity was 32% from a 113-liter plasma batch and 16% from a 42-kg Fr. IV-1 batch. Both AT III concentrates, derived either from plasma or from Fr. IV-1, had similar specific activity and electrophoretic purity, were nonpyrogenic and met all other FDA requirements for biologic products. Pasteurization induced changes in disc gel and isotachophoretic patterns of AT III preparations.

Adsorption↗
PubMed1993

Development of a scale measuring genetic variation related to expressive control.

It has been theorized that a substantial genetic component underlies the Self-Monitoring Scale. The identity of this component, however, is not yet known. In order to identify and better understand it, a more precise measure of the component is required. The present research attempted to (a) identify an axis of the self-monitoring two-factor space with maximum genetic variance; and (b) bootstrap a scale more highly correlated with this genetic maximum than is the Self-Monitoring Scale using twins. Evaluation of the new scale against criteria of validity indicates that scale construction was reasonably successful. The new measure had a cross-validated monozygotic twin intraclass correlation of .76 and a dizygotic twin intraclass correlation of .16. This work yields a new research tool and suggests a new approach to personality assessment. Correlates of the new measure as well as theoretical and methodological issues relevant to the measurement of a latent genetic entity are discussed.

Adult↗
PubMed1980

Test-retest and home-clinic characteristics of the Bayley Scales of Infant Development in nine- and fifteen-month-old infants.

This study examines the Bayley performances of 9- and 15-month-old infants tested 1 week apart in the home and clinic. Total raw scores and their equivalent Mental Development Indices were found not to be seriously affected by setting differences. Assessment of test-retest characteristics showed, however, wide variations of stability measures between age and sex. While 3 of the 4 main infant subgroups produced statistically significant coefficients of stability, only 1 (15-month-old females) achieved a level of stability comparable to that reported for short-interval repeated childhood IQ testing. Analysis of infants' performance consistencies with respect to the Bayley items revealed hidden variations possibly affecting the reliability of infant examinations.

Child Development↗
PubMed1985

The Landau reaction in fullterm and preterm infants at four months of age.

Twelve normal fullterm infants and 11 low-risk preterm infants were assessed at four months of age. Assessments included a Three-Component-Scale for the Landau reaction, the Touwen Scale for the Landau reaction, the Bayley Scales of Infant Development Motor Scale, and the Movement Assessment of Infants Muscle Tone Scale. A statistically significant relationship was found between gestational age (preterm vs. fullterm birth) and scores on the hip and kicking subcomponents on the Three-Component-Scale for the Landau reaction, and also between gestational age at birth and scores on the summary of tone-extremities and total risk score items on the Movement Assessment of Infants. Although preterm and fullterm infants may not show differences in scores on motor developmental level assessments, variations in postural reactions and muscle tone may be present at four months of age.

Female↗
PubMed2001

College student's attidudes and beliefs about the consequences of smoking: development and normative scores of a new scale.

PURPOSE: To develop an instrument that could be used to assist young adults to determine their perceived consequences about cigarette smoking. The new instrument consisted of 27 items measuring attitudes about smoking selected from the literature and to a convenience sample of 172 undergraduate college students. Psychometric assessment using an exploratory factor analysis revealed four factors (subscales) that explained 48% of the variance. These were labeled attitudes and beliefs about smoking related to emotional benefits, health hazards, self-confidence, and body image. CONCLUSIONS: Statistically significant differences between mean scores of smokers and nonsmokers were found on attitudes and beliefs about the benefits of smoking related to emotional benefits, self-confidence, and body image; smokers' answers indicated that they perceived these as positive consequences of their smoking behavior. IMPLICATIONS FOR PRACTICE: The newly constructed instrument may be a useful assessment of college students' reasons for smoking. This approach offers new hope for successful cessation counseling and for smoking prevention programs. Currently antismoking methods emphasize the health hazards of cigarette smoking and have not been sufficient in reducing the rate of smoking in the young adult population. Some young people may use smoking as strategy for dealing with stressful situations, weight control, and lack of self-confidence. Thus, smoking cessation programs should also include strategies to use in place of smoking during periods when stress and lack of self-confidence are high.

Adult↗
PubMed2001

A new visual rating scale for white matter low attenuation on CT.

The pathological substrate and clinical significance of white matter low density change on computed tomography (CT) remains incompletely understood, hampered by suboptimal rating scales. We developed a new scale and applied it to 647 CTs in 382 patients. White matter change was categorised by region (anterior and posterior frontal, parietal, occipital), severity (mild, moderate, severe) and extent (periventricular, extending to deep white, full thickness). Multiplying extent by severity gave regional scores, which were summated to give an overall score. CTs were read separately by 2 radiologists. Intraobserver reliabilities were 0.69 and 0.55, interobserver 0.70 (kappa values). Each assessment required only 1 min.

Brain↗