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PubMed2002

[Reliability and validity of a handedness questionnaire].

OBJECTIVE: In this study, the validity and reliability of the hand preference item of a 13-item questionnaire adapted from Chapman and Chapman (1987) were investigated. METHOD: This questionnaire requires subjects to indicate which hand they usually use for various actions as follows: writing, drawing, throwing, using a hammer, using a toothbrush, using an eraser on paper, using scissors, holding a match when striking it, stirring a can of paint, using a spoon, using a screwdriver, twisting off the lid of a jar, and using a knife. Each item was scored as "1" for right, "2" for either, or "3" for left, and the handedness of subjects was scored from 13 (the strongest right-hand preference) to 39 (the strongest left-hand preference). In this study, 449 subjects filled in the questionnaire, and 43 subjects attended the test-retest study 3 weeks after the first examination. In order to determine the validity of the questionnaire, fine motor performance was measured using a finger tapping task, and the eye and foot preferences of the subjects were evaluated. RESULTS: The test-retest reliability (r=.993) and internal consistency (Cronbach's Alpha=.97) were found to be high. In item-total score analysis, the best single item was "using a hammer", while the worst item was "twisting off the lid of a jar". Factor analysis yielded two factors, skilled and unskilled activities. Handedness scores were found to show a significant correlation with foot preference scores and the dominance score of the finger tapping task. CONCLUSION: The results suggest that the handedness questionnaire is reliable and valid in measuring handedness.

English Abstract↗

PubMed2003

Prevalence and characteristics of migraine among adolescents: a questionnaire survey.

A screening questionnaire was distributed to 1000 boys and 1000 girls, studying in classes VI to X (11 to 15 years) in two public schools of Jaipur. Questionnaire A consisted of a single question to parents. "Does your child suffer from recurrent headache?" To those who responded in the affirmative, a detailed questionnaire (B) was distributed Questionnaire B consisted of twenty questions pertaining to characteristics and associations of headache. From questionnaire B a diagnosis of common migraine was made according to IHS criteria (1988). The prevalence of recurrent headache was found to be 18% in boys and 21% in girls, while the prevalence of migraine was 9% in boys and 14% in girls. Among the other causes of recurrent headache tension type headache was seen in 3.6%, eye problems in 0.389% sinusitis in 0.22%, and undetermined etiology in 2.14% children. The clinical characteristics of migraine are described.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

Reliability of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 Patient Questionnaire (Italian version) in mild adolescent vertebral deformities.

AIM: The reliability evaluation of the Italian version of the Scoliosis Research Society-22 Patient Questionnaire (SRS-22-I), administered to adolescents with mild vertebral deformities, is evaluated. METHODS STUDY DESIGN: forward-backward translation, pretest, final version according to a focus-group evaluation, and 1 week test/retest. POPULATION: pretest: 35 subjects (22 females), age range 8.5-19 years, 28 idiopathic scoliosis (17 degrees +/-7 degrees ), 7 hyperkyphosis (54 degrees +/-4 degrees ); test/retest: 20 subjects (11 females), age range 12-17.5 years, 15 idiopathic scoliosis (16 degrees +/-8 degrees ), 5 hyperkyphosis (55 degrees +/-5 degrees ). STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Spearman rank test, percent of agreement. Statistical significance: 0.05. Software: Statgraphics 3.0. We calculated the results of the questionnaire and performed the statistical analysis using non parametric test because of the charcteristics of the data: this differ from previously published RESULTS RESULTS: Response rate was 100%. Total score: median 4 (range 3-5); results for different domains (median, range): function/activity 4 (3-5), pain 5 (3-5), self image/ appearance 3 (2-5), mental health 4 (3-5), satisfaction with management 4 (2-5). Time required to answer the questionnaire ranged from 5 to 20'; for 12 to 17.5 years old subjects from 5 to 10'. pretest showed difficulties with questions on pain; the questionnaire was changed accordingly. Spearman's rho ranged from 0.42 to 1, not significantly different from null value for questions 12 and 21. Percent of agreement (evaluated only for question 11a) was 100%. The ceiling and floor effects have been found high. CONCLUSIONS: The SRS-22-I was found to be reliable for young patients with mild vertebral deformities of different type. Lack of reliability for questions 12 and 21 should be better understood. Until now the psychometric properties of SRS-22 questionnaire have been evaluated only in USA populations, and in idiopathic scoliosis. Moreover, only one study has been proposed including patients with mild idiopathic scoliosis. This, together with the non-parametric statistical analysis used, could explain the high ceiling and floor effects we found in our data.

Journal Article↗

PubMed1986

The Street Survival Skills Questionnaire: a correlational study.

The appropriateness of the Street Survival Skills Questionnaire as a specific adaptive behavior measure for independent living was examined. The questionnaire was administered to 55 mentally retarded adults, along with Part I of the Public School Version of the Adaptive Behavior Scale and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale. In addition, three of the subtests of the questionnaire were "operationalized," using actual stimulus materials such as tools, clocks, and money instead of the photographs used in the standardized version of the test. High significant correlations were observed among the questionnaire, the Adaptive Behavior Scale, and the operationalized versions of the Tools, Time, and Money subtests. Results support the appropriateness of this questionnaire as a measure of specific adaptive behavior.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed1984

[Usefulness of the S-S-G, a questionnaire for measuring attitude to pregnancy, sexuality and birth].

As a part of a larger research-project a questionnaire to measure attitudes towards pregnancy, sexuality and birth was used. The questionnaire, S-S-G, was developed by Lukesch and Lukesch. It is designed to measure attitudes which are believed to be very important for the processes of pregnancy, birth and eventually to the fetal development, as well. Our findings do not support the relevance and significance of this questionnaire. The further use of the S-S-G cannot be recommended because: 1. The standardization is not valid according to our and other random samples. 2. The authors' proofs of validity are not sufficient and cannot be replicated with the exception of one statement. 3. Other correlations postulated cannot be confirmed with our sample. 4. The questionnaire is both in substance and method insufficient. 5. The questionnaire is recommended by the authors for uses which have not been tested by them.

Abortion, Induced↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Anticipatory Cognitions Questionnaire (ACQ). Presentation and validation].

The capacity of anticipation is fundamentally disturbed in depressed patients. These patients make negative predictions. Anticipation disturbances are reflected in different symptoms but also in the patient's cognitions. The cognitive approach is an operational way to deal with the concept of anticipation. The cognitive model of depression has been extensively studied and cognitive therapies have been validated as effective treatments of depression. A self-questionnaire has been elaborated, taking into account the different cognitive mechanisms disturbed in depressed patients. The "Anticipatory Cognitions Questionnaire" (ACQ) explores patient's cognitions in concrete daily life situations that require anticipation. The first version of this questionnaire contained 18 items. A previous study had led to reduce the number of items and to modify the form of the questionnaire. In its final version, the ACQ has 8 items. Each of them refers to a concrete situation (i.e. "I have no news from a loved one") and the patient is asked to say how a proposed cognition (i.e. "I will call him to get in touch") applies to him, choosing one of the four answers "true", "rather true", "rather wrong" and "wrong". The validation of this questionnaire has been carried out, in comparison with the MADRS and Pichot's QD2A. 151 subjects were included in this validation study, 72% of them meeting with the DSM III-R diagnostic criteria of clinical depression and 28% not having any psychiatric disorder. Statistical analysis shows that the ACQ is more sensible than the QD2A but less than the MADRS.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)

Adult↗

PubMed1997

Methods of screening for dementia: a meta-analysis of studies comparing an informant questionnaire with a brief cognitive test.

A meta-analysis was performed on 10 studies that directly compared an informant questionnaire with a brief cognitive test at screening for dementia. The effectiveness (effect size) of the screening tests used in each study was measured using the standardized difference between the means of the demented and control samples. The informant questionnaires were found to have a weighted mean effectiveness of 1.74 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.39-2.09], whereas for the cognitive tests, the mean was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.23-1.73). These means translate into sensitivities and specificites of 0.86 and 0.80 for informant questionnaires, compared with 0.79 and 0.80 for brief cognitive tests. The effectiveness of the informant questionnaires was found to differ significantly from study to study, but the reason for this variation is not clear. It was concluded that informant questionnaires are as effective as brief cognitive tests at screening for dementia and deserve to be used more extensively.

Aged↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[Validation of a questionnaire of physical sensations in a French-Canadian population].

The objectives of this study are three-fold. The first objective is to present the aspects of reliability and validity of a self-reported questionnaire that evaluates a specific facet of Panic Disorder with Agoraphobia (PDA) for the francophone population of Quebec, mainly the fear of fear. The Body Sensations Questionnaire (17), translated as the Questionnaire des Sensations Physiques (QSP) evaluates the degree to which individuals fear somatic symptoms commonly associated with panic. A second objective is to determine the factorial validity of the QSP and to investigate the dimensionality of the construct as assessed by the questionnaire. The third objective is to establish a reference database for the agoraphobic (N = 141 and N = 70) and the non-clinical population (N = 223). Results suggest that both questionnaires have similar internal consistency, temporal stability, construct validity, and discriminative validity. While the factorial solution of the present study uncovered a three-factor model (somatic, cardiac, and psychosensorial), which points to the multidimensional nature of the construct evaluated by the QSP, it greatly differs from the one obtained by Arrindel's study (5). Nevertheless, the extraction of the three principal components is supported by the results of the screen test and by two different implementations of parallel analysis, i.e., the computation of random eigen values and the use of an interpolation table of eigen values. Finally, it can be concluded that the psychometric properties of the French-Canadian translation of the BSQ are indications that it is an appropriate instrument to use in clinical research and in clinical practice to assess the fear of bodily sensations associated with the fear of fear.

Adult↗

PubMed2006

Scoring system and clinical application of COPD diagnostic questionnaires.

OBJECTIVES: In most primary care settings, spirometric screening of all patients at risk is not practical. In prior work, we developed questionnaires to help identify COPD in two risk groups: (1) persons with a positive smoking history but no history of obstructive lung disease (case finding), and (2) patients with prior evidence of obstructive lung disease (differential diagnosis). For these questionnaires, we now present a scoring system for use in primary care. METHODS: Scores for individual questions were based on the regression coefficients from logistic regression models using a spirometry-based diagnosis of obstruction as the reference outcome. Receiver operator characteristic analysis was used to determine performance characteristics for each questionnaire. Several simplified scoring systems were developed and tested. RESULTS: For both scenarios, we created a scoring system with two cut points intended to place subjects within one of three zones: persons with a high likelihood of having obstruction (high predictive value of a positive test result); persons with a low likelihood of obstruction (high predictive value of a negative test result); and an intermediate zone. Using these scoring systems, we achieved sensitivities of 54 to 82%, specificities of 58 to 88%, positive predictive values of 30 to 78%, and negative predictive values of 71 to 93%. CONCLUSIONS: These questionnaires can be used to help identify persons likely to have COPD among specific risk groups. The use of a simplified scoring system makes these tools beneficial in the primary care setting. Used in conjunction with spirometry, these tools can help improve the efficiency and accuracy of COPD diagnosis in primary care.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

HIV risk behaviors, intentions, and perceptions among Namibian youth as assessed by a theory-based questionnaire.

Considerable progress has been made in the United States and Europe regarding HIV risk prevention efforts targeting adolescents. However, in Africa less progress has been made to date. This article address three questions: Can risk assessment questionnaires developed in Western countries be modified so as to be appropriate for use in African countries? Are social cognitive models appropriate in African settings? Does covariation among risk behaviors occur among youth residing in African countries? The data was obtained from a cross-sectional survey conducted among 922 youth ages 12 to 18 years living in school-based hostels in Namibia. Data were collected using a theory-based risk assessment questionnaire. One third of the youth were sexually experienced, three quarters of whom had engaged in sexual intercourse in the previous 6 months. Over one third of these youth had had more that one sexual partner in the previous 6 months and over one half had not used a condom at last episode of intercourse. The psychometric properties of the questionnaire and the relationship between perceptions and behaviors provide evidence that theory-based questionnaires developed in Western countries can be modified for use in different cultural settings. The data also provide strong evidence of covariation between risk behaviors among Namibian youth.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1994

A validation study of the Dementia Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the validity of the Dementia Questionnaire (a semistructured informant interview) for the diagnosis of dementia. DESIGN: Comparison of dementia status determined by a telephone-administered informant questionnaire with the criterion standard of clinical diagnosis established by examination and laboratory studies. SETTING: Gerontology Research Center, the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. SUBJECTS: Volunteer cohort of 42 men and 32 women aged 68 to 97 years. Subjects were selected from strata defined by Blessed Information Memory Concentration Test scores, with oversampling of borderline scores (3 to 10). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Sensitivity and specificity of the Dementia Questionnaire in comparison with the criterion standard of clinical diagnosis. SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURE: Interrater reliability (kappa coefficient). RESULTS: Sensitivity and specificity for dementia were 100% and 90%, respectively. Most false-positive findings were from subjects with cognitive impairment that did not meet criteria for dementia (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Revised Third Edition. Interrater reliability was high (kappa = 0.83). CONCLUSION: The Dementia Questionnaire can be used effectively in research studies to screen for dementia.

Aged↗

PubMed1996

Utility of a risk assessment questionnaire in identifying children with lead exposure.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the utility of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Risk Questionnaire and a behavioral risk factor questionnaire in identifying children with blood lead concentrations of 0.48 mumol/L (10 micrograms/dL) or more. DESIGN: Cross-sectional study of 463 urban Massachusetts children (6 to 72 months of age) screened for lead with venous blood. RESULTS: Twenty-two percent of the children had elevated blood lead concentrations. Of the five CDC questions, only one was significantly associated with an increased adjusted odds ratio for elevated blood lead: having a sibling, housemate, or playmate who was followed up or treated for lead poisoning (odds ratio, 2.7; 95% confidence interval, 1.7 to 4.2; P < .001). Children who had at least one positive or equivocal response to any of the five CDC questions (n = 318 [68.7%]) were not at higher risk than were children who displayed a negative response to all five questions (odds ratio, 1.1; 95% confidence interval, 0.7 to 1.8; P = .69). Of nine behaviors surveyed, two were associated with an increased adjusted odds for elevated blood lead: use of a pacifier (odds ratio, 2.4; 95% confidence interval, 1.3 to 4.4; P = .01) and playing near the outside of the home (odds ratio, 3.4; 95% confidence interval, 2.0 to 5.8; P < .001). CONCLUSIONS: In this population of children, the CDC risk questionnaire did not identify a group at higher risk for lead exposure. We suggest that practitioners in urban communities screen all children according to the same schedule. We conclude that risk factors differ by community and no risk questionnaire developed at the national level should be applied across communities to target screening.

Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, U.S.↗

PubMed1996

Development of a questionnaire identifying factors responsible for successful self-management of insulin-treated diabetes.

Education and psychosocial factors are widely believed to contribute to diabetes control. However, there is no systematic way of measuring or recording these factors, or for transfer of information to future care-givers. We developed a 41-question questionnaire to measure the skills and contributory factors to self-management in diabetes, and examined the relationship between these factors and glycaemic control. The questionnaire was assessed for construct validity, and for content validity by independent diabetes health professionals, and easily completed by 128 insulin-treated diabetic patients (mean age 42 +/- 13 (SD) yr, diabetes duration 17 +/- 9 yr, HbA, 10.5 +/- 1.8%). Principle Components Factor analysis revealed nine factors explaining 63% of variance (Eigen values 1.2-5.8). Five of these were significantly related to HbA1. These were: practical self-management skills, p < 0.001; emotional adjustment, p < 0.002; perceived goals, p < 0.01; perceived self-efficacy, p < 0.005; and costs-benefit analysis, p < 0.01. Multiple regression revealed that these five predictor variables (factors) explain 21% of variance in HbA1, combined r = 0.46. The questionnaire also distinguished between patients with good and poor control (HbA1 8.2 vs 13.4%, p < 0.001), p for differences in question responses, 0.014-0.001. Four factors (lifestyle, influence of other people, diet concerns, and weight concerns) were unrelated to HbA1. In conclusion, we have developed a single, patient-completed questionnaire of high content and construct validity, which identifies alterable factors (in contrast to fixed demographic variables) which may be specifically targeted in individual patients on the one hand to improve glycaemic control and, on the other, to enable more satisfactory adjustment to life with diabetes. It may be used in day-to-day practice to identify patient needs, and their barriers to effective self-management, and to transfer this information to future care-givers.

Adult↗

PubMed1996

Assessment of quality of life after cystectomy or conservative therapy for patients with infiltrating bladder carcinoma. A survey by a self-administered questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Quality of life (QOL) has rarely been assessed in nonmetastatic bladder cancer patients (NMBC). Therefore, very little information is available for comparing the impact of different treatments on QOL for patients affected by NMBC. METHODS: We developed an "ad hoc" self-administered questionnaire and evaluated its psychometric properties. We then carried out a retrospective study by mailing the questionnaire to a consecutive series of 93 patients treated for NMBC between 1981 and 1994. The patients were treated either with a conservative approach (CT), based on radiotherapy with or without chemotherapy, or with cystectomy followed by urostomy (US). RESULTS: Twenty-nine questionnaires (66%) mailed to conservatively treated patients and 30 (61%) mailed to cystectomized patients were returned. The questionnaire used in the study showed sufficient psychometric properties: an alpha-Cronbach coefficient > 0.8 was reached and validity was established in all of its aspects. The items were grouped into seven subscales reflecting different QOL domains. The two treatment groups reported differences in QOL adjustment. QOL after cystectomy, marked by stoma presence, was reduced by a lack of sexual activity and a worsened physical condition, but social and recreational life were little affected. Conversely, a low incidence of urinary symptoms and an acceptable sexual adjustment were found in the CT sample; the physical, psychologic, and sociorelational adjustments were also good. QOL in the CT group was consistently better than in the US group. All subscale scores were higher in the CT group than in the US group, with a statistically significant difference in four of six subscales. CONCLUSIONS: QOL is better after conservative therapy than after cystectomy, as expected. Prospective studies with repeated measurements covering all fields of interest in QOL would offer an accurate assessment of QOL in NMBC patients.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2000

Investigating muscularity concerns in male body image: development of the Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: An investigation into muscularity concerns in males was carried out. METHOD: A series of questionnaires, containing items pertaining to attitudes and behavior relating to muscularity, were administered to normal male subjects. RESULTS: Factor analysis revealed two underlying constructs. The first reflected the desire to be muscular and and to such goal-oriented behaviors. The second reflected perceived positive attributes of muscularity, including feelings of masculinity, enhanced confidence, and greater attractiveness. Following preliminary studies, a final version of the Swansea Muscularity Attitudes Questionnaire was developed and administered to 303 normal male subjects. Factor analysis of these data confirmed the dual-construct model. The two subscales of this questionnaire (Drive for Muscularity and Positive Attributes of Muscularity) displayed high internal reliability. DISCUSSION: It is suggested that this questionnaire provides a tool that may be used to investigate further the relationship between muscularity concerns and body image issues in males.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Development of quality of life questionnaire in Japan: quality of life assessment of cancer patients receiving chemotherapy.

The Japanese Quality of Life Research Group has developed a general questionnaire suitable for assessing the Quality of Life (QOL) in patients undergoing chemotherapy. The questionnaire covers four major categories: (1) daily activities, (2) physical condition, (3) social activities, and (4) mental and psychological status. The State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI), Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS), and Performance Status (PS) were used as external measures of quality of life and for the validation of our tool. On the basis of two basic surveys and two studies we selected 22 questions from a larger set of items. Validity and reliability were verified for the final 22-question form. This questionnaire, named the QOL Questionnaire for Cancer Patients Treated with Anticancer Drugs (QOL-ACD), can be used to detect changes in QOL over time. Its use as an additional outcome measure in Phase III chemotherapy trials should be encouraged.

Adult↗

PubMed1999

Quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis: validation of the ankylosing spondylitis Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2, a modified Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales Questionnaire.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a questionnaire measuring quality of life in ankylosing spondylitis (AS). METHODS: A focus group technique contributed to the generation of an AS-specific questionnaire using the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 (AIMS2) (12 dimensions), supplemented with items from the Health Assessment Questionnaire for the Spondylar-thropathies, as well as original new items. Patients from a self-help group provided data to assess the validity (n = 146) and reproducibility (n = 43) of the AS-AIMS2. RESULTS: The focus group generated a thirteenth dimension including 6 items labeled "spine mobility." Principal component analyses on AS-AIMS2 showed satisfactory dimensionality (74.1% of variance explained), high internal consistency (Cronbach's alpha = 0.78-0.91), significant convergent validity of the new dimension with spine pain and mobility, and good reproducibility in the 13 dimensions and 5 components (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.7-0.9). The scores in each component of the AS-AIMS2 showed a marked deterioration of quality of life in these young patients. CONCLUSIONS: The disease-specific AS-AIMS2 questionnaire should help improve care management in AS.

Activities of Daily Living↗

PubMed2004

The psychosocial work environment and musculoskeletal disorders: design of a comprehensive interviewer-administered questionnaire.

BACKGROUND: Psychosocial working conditions are likely to contribute to work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WRMSDs), but a lack of standardized measurement tools reflects both the theoretical and methodological limitations of current research. METHODS: An interdisciplinary team including biomedical, behavioral, and social science researchers used an iterative process to adapt existing instruments for an interviewer-administered questionnaire assessing psychosocial workplace exposure related to musculoskeletal disorders. RESULTS: The resulting questionnaire included measures of psychosocial workplace factors based on two theoretical models (the demand-control-support and the effort-reward imbalance models), supplemented by the additional constructs of "emotional demands," and "experiences of discrimination." Other psychosocial and physical measures selected for questionnaire inclusion address physical workload, sociodemographic and anthropometric characteristics, social relations and life events, health behaviors, and physical and psychological health. CONCLUSION: Using an interdisciplinary approach facilitated the development of a comprehensive questionnaire inclusive of key measures of psychosocial factors that may play a role in the complex mechanisms leading to WRMSDs.

Humans↗