[Histology and morphometry of osteoporosis].
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Biopsy↗
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Results for “morphometry”
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[Morphometry of primary varicose veins (author's transl)].
Morphometric investigations into the perforating veins in cases of primary varicosities have revealed typical, so far unrecognized, features of insufficiency. A significant difference was found in the diameters of central and peripheral parts of the vein amounting to a ratio of 1.5:1 with single, and 1.8:1 with paired incompetent perforators. These perforators therefore act in producing a jet. The pathophysiological and diagnostic significance of this jet phenomenon is discussed. Variations in the pattern and frequency of incompetent perforators were found between the medial and lateral aspects of the calf. Evidence concerning the mode of incompetent perforators is discussed.
Humans↗
Correlation between functional index and morphometry to evaluate recovery of the rat sciatic nerve following crush injury: experimental study.
An experimental study on the correlation between functional and morphologic recovery of crushed sciatic nerves was carried out in rats. The sciatic nerve of 33 rats, divided into three groups, was submitted to controlled crushing injury on a 5-mm long segment, in a universal testing machine for 10 min with three different loads (100, 500, and 15,000 g, respectively). Functional recovery was evaluated, using a modified sciatic functional index (SFI) at weekly intervals up to the 60th postoperative day, at which time, the animals were sacrificed for histologic and morphometric studies of the nerves. Results were compared with those of normal untouched nerves and nerves submitted to segmentary resection without repair. Initial loss of function was observed in all animals with crush injury, but recovery to a nearly normal SFI occurred after progressively longer intervals (25, 39, and 53 days), as a function of load. Nerve-fiber density was increased in the groups submitted to lower loads, but statistically significantly decreased in the animals submitted to the 15,000-g crush. The authors conclude that the SFI is directly correlated with nerve-fiber density and, therefore, is an adequate tool for evaluating sciatic functional deficiency in the rat.
Animals↗
[Non-invasive definition of dimensions of peripheral lung structures via aerosol morphometry: present knowledge and perspectives].
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Aerosols↗
[Head circumference in relation to sonographic morphometry of the cerebral ventricles in neonates and infants].
AIM: To determine normal values of sonographic measurements of the brain in neonates and infants. METHOD: Cerebral ultrasonographic examinations were performed in 143 healthy newborns and infants. The size of the ventricles was determined by ascertaining distances as well as performing planimetric measurements of the ventricular area and circumference in standardized planes. RESULTS: Throughout the course of the study we observed a continous increase in size and a strong correlation with head circumference. The middle coronary plane used for the measurements allows the accurate representation of the ventricles and a more objective assessment of size. CONCLUSION: Based on the morphometric data, charts for the determination of ventricular size were developed.
Body Height↗
Correlation of corpus callosal morphometry with cognitive and motor function in periventricular leukomalacia.
PURPOSE: We aim to correlate size and shape of corpus callosum with severity of motor and cognitive impairments in children with periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). METHODS: Children with PVL were stratified based on the severity of their motor and cognitive impairments. An age-matched control group was established. The corpus callosum was identified on mid-sagittal T (1)-weighted spin-echo (TR/TE: 550/15) MR images. The shape characteristics of the corpus callosum were measured with respect to a template via a shape transformation. The degree of callosal-shape transformation was quantified by a deformation function, which in turn was compared, using point-wise T-tests, for controls versus patients, diplegic versus quadriplegic patients, and patients with mild versus severe cognitive impairment. RESULTS: 29 children with spastic cerebral palsy and PVL and 32 age-matched controls were identified. In the PVL group, the entire corpus callosum was significantly smaller than in the control group (p value = 0.001). Significant differences existed in the shape of the corpus callosum between patients with diplegic versus quadriplegic and between patients with severe versus mild cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION: Global and regional corpus callosal morphology can be quantified using deformation functions.
Adolescent↗
[Placental morphometry in pregnancies with reversed enddiastolic flow in the umbilical artery or fetal aorta].
BACKGROUND: Fetuses with a reversed enddiastolic flow in the umbilical artery and/or aorta are at risk pregnancies and show a higher incidence of perinatal morbidity and mortality. The aim of this study was to evaluate the pathological changes in the terminal villous tree in fetuses with a reverse flow in the fetal aorta or umbilical artery. MATERIALS AND METHODS: In this retrospective study, 16 cases with a reverse flow in the fetal aorta or umbilical artery (Gr. 1) were compared with gestational age matched 16 healthy pregnant women (Gr. 2). The following morphometric parameters were evaluated in 50 sections in each placenta (1600 measurements): mean vessel diameter, volume density of the villous tissue, stem villi and terminal villi. Measurements were performed using a computerized Video Image Analysis system. RESULTS: The mean gestational age at birth was similar in both groups (30 + 4 weeks gestation vs. 30 + 6 weeks gestation, respectively, for Gr. 1 and Gr. 2). The birth weights (985 g vs. 1780 g) and the placental weights (216 g vs. 385 g) were significantly lower in the reverse flow group. There was a significant reduction in the proportion of total villous tissue (19 % versus 45 %) and in the diameter of tissue at the terminal villi (2.1 % versus 7.6 %) in the reverse flow group. Although the mean number of vessels at the terminal villi was lower than the control group (4.1 versus 5.6), the mean and total areas of the vessels were not different. CONCLUSION: Our observations showed a significant association between the placental morphometric parameters and reversed enddiastolic flow in the umbilical artery or fetal aorta. The reduced number of functional placental units is responsible for the diminished exchange function of the placental vessels in "reverse flow" cases. This could partially explain the adverse outcome in this clinical situation.
Adult↗
Breeding system and floral morphometry of distylous Psychotria L. species in the Atlantic rain forest, SE Brazil.
General patterns of floral morphology and incompatibility mechanisms have been described for many distylous plants. The absence of these patterns in typically distylous groups, as observed especially in tropical environments, is interpreted as atypical distyly, or as a new reproductive strategy derived from it. Data are presented here on the morphological and compatibility relations between floral morphs of four Psychotria dimorphic species in the Atlantic rain forest in SE Brazil: Psychotria jasminoides, P. birotula, P. mapourioides, and P. pubigera. When significant differences were found, floral parts were larger in thrum flowers. Results of controlled crosses showed that most incompatible pollen tubes were arrested in the stigma, and only in a low proportion in the upper parts of the style. We conclude that, at the study site, the majority and most important morphological and mating features of typical distyly seem to be conserved in P. jasminoides and P. mapourioides, which presented reciprocal herkogamy, self and intramorph incompatibility, and a balanced morph ratio in the population. Typical distyly in P. birotula is supported by floral morphology, pollen tube data and morph ratio and, in P. pubigera, only by floral morphology and pollen tube data.
Brazil↗
[Placental morphometry in diastolic zero and negative flow of the umbilical arteries].
Macromorphometric and histometric placental data, in cases with enddiastolic zero flow or reverse flow (dZRF), reveal a lower placental weight and smaller attachment area as well as bigger terminal villi with a reduced amount of epithelial plates with comparable vascularisation. In cases with reverse flow, all parameters were worse, either compared to the controls or to the zero flow cases. With advancing duration of clinical observation, we find a maturation of the terminal villi, with the cross-sectional areas getting smaller, diffusion distances becoming shorter and vessels bigger. This proves the dependence of foetal outcome by dZRF on the compensatory capacity of the terminal villi. The planimetric area in the forward flow channel depends on the foetal intravillous blood volume.
Blood Flow Velocity↗
[Aerosol morphometry and aerosol bolus dispersion. Innovative technology in the diagnosis of emphysema. Clinical Cooperative Group "Aerosol Medicine"].
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Aerosols↗
[Endothelial keratopathy in pseudoexfoliation syndrome: quantitative and qualitative morphometry using automated video image analysis].
UNLABELLED: This prospective study intended to quantify and classify morphological changes of the corneal endothelium in pseudoexfoliation syndrome (PSX) after having tested reproducibility and validity of a new automated technique for analysing corneal endothelium. PATIENTS AND METHODS: We used a contact specular microscope combined with a video camera (Tomey EM-1000) and a computer (IBM compatible PC, 486DX33) with suitable software (Tomey EM-1100, version 0.94). Video images of corneal endothelium (area: 0.312 mm2) are passed directly into the computer input by means of a frame grabber and are automatically processed. Missing or falsely recognized cell borders are corrected using the mouse. We examined 85 eyes with PSX and 33 healthy control eyes. At first, retest-stability and validity of the cell density measurements were assessed in the PSX-eyes. A qualitative analysis of the corneal endothelium followed. RESULTS: The cell density measurements showed a high retest-stability (reliability coefficient r = 0.974). The values of the automated method (2040 +/- 285 cells/mm2) and those of manual cell counting (2041 +/- 275 cells/mm2) did not differ significantly (p = 0.441). The mean difference was 3.1 +/- 2.4%. Comparing the 85 PSX-eyes (2052 +/- 264 cells/mm2) to the 33 control eyes (2372 +/- 276 cells/mm2), there was a significant reduction of cell density (p < 0.001). The cell density of the 69 PSX-eyes with glaucoma (2014 +/- 254 cells/mm2) was significantly lower than that of the 16 PSX-eyes without glaucoma (2214 +/- 251 cells/mm2) (p = 0.008). Eighty-five percent of the 85 PSX-eyes showed polymegalism, 77% pleomorphism; 68% had white deposits and 42% guttae. White deposits and guttae were significantly more frequent and more intensive in PSX-eyes than in control eyes. PSX-eyes with and those without glaucoma showed no significant differences concerning the four qualitative parameters. CONCLUSION: The automated method for analysing corneal endothelium quickly provides reproducible and valid results using the correction mode of the software. Semiquantitative analysis of qualitative parameters permits a more differentiated assessment of keratopathy in pseudoexfoliation syndrome than does mere consideration of endothelial cell density. Both evaluations are recommended to assess the risk of a diffuse endothelial decompensation before intraocular surgery.
Aged↗
[Clinical specular microscopy. Technic, organization and simple calculator morphometry].
The use of specular microscopy (SM) as a routine clinical method for qualitative morphological and quantitative morphometric analysis of the corneal endothelium requires a standardized examination technique. Organizational and apparative means are necessary for the analysis, documentation and storage of the data. The results of the immediate analysis are documented on a result form. The morphological changes are classified in 4 different groups (endothelial, pre-endothelial, retro-endothelial, and non-endothelial changes). The morphometric analysis is performed immediately: the mean cell density (mcd) is estimated by comparing the endothelial mosaic in the camera viewfinder with 3 standardized specular micrographs with known cellular density. The good correlation between the results of estimation and definite counting allows this rapid method to be used as a simple clinical screening techniques. The definitive morphometric analysis is carried out directly from the photographic negative using the fixed frame principle. The mcd and mean cell area (mca), m +/- sd, are determined by a simple method which saves time and money, using a scientific pocket calculator programmed in Basic. A specially designed slide rule serves to define the frame. The calculator may also be used for statistical analyses. This is demonstrated in a group of 127 patients (aged 51-87) before IOL implantation. The mcd and mca of the examined population is 2249 +/- 290 cells/mm2 and 444 +/- 57 microns 2. There is no statistically significant difference in mcd between the right and left eye (t-test: p = 0.93). Although statistically mcd decreases significantly with advancing age (p = 0.05), there is a large range of results in this population.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
Cell Count↗
[Computed tomographic morphometry of the normal pancreas in adults].
The relationship of the morphology of the normal pancreas, as seen on CT, and age was studied in 200 normal people aged between 19 and 87 years. The A.P. diameter, vertebral body/pancreas ratio, cranio-caudal diameter, contour and structure of the pancreas were analysed. The most marked age-related changed occurred in the vertebral body/pancreas ratio, but all other measurements showed a reduction dependent on age. With increasing age, the contour of the pancreas becomes more lobulated and, at the same time, the structure changes from an homogeneous to an inhomogeneous appearance. These findings correspond with pathological-anatomical observations.
Adult↗
[Morphometry and determination of corticodiaphyseal indices of the clavicles in the conventional chest x-ray in healthy humans and in bone diseases].
The cortical width of both clavicles was measured in 400 chest x-rays of normal people aged 20 to 70 years, and normal values for three so-called cortico-diaphyseal indeces have been established: 1) "combined cortical thickness" (CCT), 2) the "Barnett-Nordin index" (DNI), 3) "the bone areas index" (IBA). The results are in good agreement with those of other authors, eg. Virtama, Helelä, Kocian et al. This indicates that there are no significant variations amongst different European populations. In order to test the clinical usefulness of the method, the results were compared with measurements from 50 patients with secondary osteoporosis. Measurements of cortical thickness on the chest x-ray proved a simple and reliable method. Finally, brief reference is made to the possibility, and the problems, of measuring bone mineral content by computed tomography.
Adrenal Cortex Hormones↗
[Immunocytochemical morphometry in type I and type II diabetes mellitus].
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Diabetes Mellitus↗
Nuclear morphometry for the prediction of regional lymph nodes metastases in patients with cancer of the larynx.
The changes in cell nuclei reflect their activity. Quantitative morphometric analyses of tumor nuclei could be instrumental in providing prognostic information. We studied whether, and if so, which specific nuclear parameters and histoclinical factors in patients with cancer of the larynx could be related to the lymph node metastases. Specimens were taken from 61 patients surgically treated in the Department of Otolaryngology, Jagiellonian University, Cracow, Poland, between 1987 and 1988. The period between the onset of the first symptoms and the actual commencement of the treatment spanned no more than 9 months. The follow-up period was no shorter than 5 years. Histologically confirmed metastases in the regional lymph nodes were found in 16 patients. The histologic grading and tumor front grading was pursued in all cases. Fourteen parameters of the nuclei were studied with the aid of a computer-assisted system of image analysis. The morphometric parameters and the histoclinical factors were analyzed by the chi(2) test and the stepwise logistic regression. It was established that nuclear area > or =66 microm (P = 0.042), perimeter > or =32 microm (P = 0.087), optical density > or =22,500 (P = 0.027), long axis > or =10.15 microm (P = 0.025), short axis > or =7.3 microm (P = 0.003), TFG assessed (> or =15 points) and tumor advancement (T3, T4) were related to more frequent metastases to the lymph nodes. The morphometric parameters of the greatest significance were short axis and optical density. The quantitative morphometric analysis could prove a useful tool in predicting metastases to the lymph nodes.
Adult↗
Morphometry of the epididymis of the tammar wallaby, Macropus eugenii, and estimation of some physiological parameters.
About 14 ductuli efferentes (mean length 48 cm) leave the testis of the tammar. The caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis constitute 37%, 42% and 21% respectively of the total length of the ductus epididymidis (estimated to be 34.9 m long). The initial segments of the ductus epididymidis are longer, relative to body or testis mass, in the tammar than in eutherian mammals such as the rat. The main morphometric features of the male excurrent duct system of the tammar are a high ratio of surface area of luminal border:luminal volume of the ductuli efferentes (which reabsorb most of the fluid leaving the testis), a high ratio of epithelial volume:luminal volume in the caput and corpus epididymidis (which are involved in sperm maturation) and a low ratio of epithelial volume:luminal volume in the cauda epididymidis (which is involved in sperm storage). Estimates of fluid reabsorption by the ductuli efferentes and protein secretion by the caput epididymidis were respectively 8.9 microL cm-2h-1 and 2.8 micrograms cm-2h-1. Other estimates for the ductuli efferentes, caput, corpus and cauda epididymidis respectively were: sperm velocity (4.5, 4.8, 2.2, and 0.9 mm min-1), duration of sperm transit (107 min, 1.9 days, 4.7 days, and 6.3 days), total number of spermatozoa (4950 x 10(6)) and distribution of extragonadal spermatozoa (0.6, 14, 36 and 49% of the total). The values are within the ranges estimated for eutherian mammals.
Animals↗
Functional history of two motor neurons and the morphometry of their neuromuscular junctions in the gill of Aplysia: evidence for differential aging.
Because the viability of the gill withdrawal reflex is dependent on age in Aplysia, we examined physiologic and morphometric properties of two motor neurons, L7 and LDG1, involved in the reflex in three postmetamorphic age groups: young, mature, and old. L7's capability to elicit pinnule contraction, a major component of the reflex, was reduced markedly in old gills; facilitation at old L7 terminals, upon which contraction is dependent, was significantly reduced. The morphology of the pinnule neuromuscular junctions changed with increased age. In contrast, LDG1's capability to elicit efferent vessel contraction, a major component of respiratory movements, was not significantly altered by age; facilitation also was relatively unaffected; and morphologic changes at neuromuscular junctions were poorly correlated with age. Aging occurs differentially in two motor neurons innervating the gill. The dissimilarity in function and in frequency of activation of L7 and LDG1 may help explain the greater vulnerability of L7 to the effects of aging. The possibility that disuse is involved in the aging process is discussed.
Animals↗