SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Atrophy”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Posttraumatic cerebral atrophy as a risk factor for delayed acute subdural hemorrhage.

It has long been appreciated that chronic alcoholics and the elderly with generalized cerebral atrophy are at increased risk for the development of acute subdural hematomas. The reported incidence of cerebral atrophy after severe head injury is significant. However, the incidence of late morbidity and mortality from acute subdural hematoma is not well documented. Acute subdural hemorrhage is attributed to rupture of bridging cerebral veins. In the presence of cerebral atrophy, the bridging veins are stretched and traverse a greater distance in the subdural space. They are therefore more susceptible to tearing with minor trauma. In addition, there is a delayed tamponade effect since the atrophied brain is shrunken away from the inner table of the skull. A case report is presented which suggests that survivors of severe head injury may be at increased risk for the development of acute subdural hematomas from relatively minor injuries months or even years after their initial trauma.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

Positron emission tomography in aging and dementia: effect of cerebral atrophy.

The spatial resolution of current positron emission tomography (PET) scanners does not allow a distinction between cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) containing spaces and contiguous brain tissue. Data analysis strategies which therefore purport to quantify cerebral metabolism per unit mass brain tissue are in fact measuring a value which may be artifactually reduced due to contamination by CSF. We studied cerebral glucose metabolism (CMRglc) in 17 healthy elderly individuals and 24 patients with Alzheimer's dementia using [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose and PET. All subjects underwent x-ray computed tomography (XCT) scanning at the time of their PET study. The XCT scans were analyzed volumetrically, in order to determine relative areas for ventricles, sulci, and brain tissue. Global CMRglc was calculated before and after correction for contamination by CSF (cerebral atrophy). A greater increase in global CMRglc after atrophy correction was seen in demented individuals compared with elderly controls (16.9% versus 9.0%, p less than 0.0005). Additional preliminary data suggest that volumetric analysis of proton-NMR images may prove superior to analysis of XCT data in quantifying the degree of atrophy. Appropriate corrections for atrophy should be employed if current PET scanners are to accurately measure actual brain tissue metabolism in various pathologic states.

Aged↗

PubMed1987

[Three cases of syphilitic optic atrophy--its clinical features and significance].

Three cases of syphilitic optic atrophy were reported. All 3 cases showed progressive deteriorations of visual acuity, and visual field defects associated with central scotoma. Following optic nerve atrophy, two of them developed the signs and symptoms related to spinal cord involvements, which were considered to be early development of tabes dorsalis clinically. After the introduction of penicillin into the therapy of syphilis, especially neurosyphilis, it has been said that this disease is markedly decreased in incidence, and its clinical features are changed. However, there are some reports stating that neurosyphilis might be still prevalent and more atypical forms of neurosyphilis has been encountered. The incidence of syphilitic optic atrophy is still rare, and there is no difference between its' incidence in old and recent reports. From our recent experience and review of the literatures, it is proposed that we should never forget the existence of syphilis in differential diagnosis of optic nerve atrophy.

Adult↗

PubMed1987

[Subacute brain atrophy induced by radiation therapy of malignant brain tumors].

In order to analyze brain atrophy after radiation therapy to the brain tumors, we calculated a CSF-cranial volume ratio on CT scan as an index of brain atrophy, and estimated dementia-score by Hasegawa's method in 91 post-irradiated patients with malignant brain tumors. Radiation-induced brain atrophy was observed in 51 out of 91 patients (56%) and dementia in 23 out of 47 patients (49%). These two conditions were closely related, and observed significantly more often in aged and whole-brain-irradiated patients. As radiation-induced brain atrophy accompanied by dementia appeared 2-3 months after the completion of radiation therapy, it should be regarded as a subacute brain injury caused by radiation therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1987

Quadriceps muscle atrophy and long-term recovery after knee ligamentous injury.

The aim of the study was to clarify if atrophy of the quadriceps muscle was in itself related to clinical and radiological long-term outcome of primary knee ligament surgery. At Tampere University Central Hospital clinical and radiological reexamination was performed in 61 patients on an average 40 months after primary operation of acute knee ligament injury. The study group consisted of 26 patients having clear quadriceps muscle atrophy in the injured knee at the follow-up. Thirty four patients, having equal circumference of the thighs, served as controls. One patient was excluded. The groups did not differ significantly from each other in respect to age, sex, physical activity, type of ligament injury, meniscectomy, and follow-up time. In clinical reexamination the patients with quadriceps atrophy were placed significantly more often in groups of fair or poor healing than the patients with normal quadriceps muscle, and they had also more posttraumatic osteoarthritic changes in the injured knee. According to this study it seems that quadriceps muscle atrophy plays an important role as a poor prognostic factor of knee ligament injuries being thus a good target for efforts to stop the continuous deterioration of the injured knee.

Adult↗

PubMed1986

Coexistence of diabetes mellitus, optic atrophy, and sensorineural deafness: case report.

The association of diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, and sensorineural deafness is a rare but distinct syndrome. We describe an 18-year-old woman who developed diabetes mellitus at three years of age, sensorineural deafness at 14 years of age, and bilateral asymptomatic optic atrophy at 18 years of age. Diabetic retinopathy was notably absent. Forty-two patients with diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy have been described. All had type I diabetes mellitus without typical diabetic retinopathy even though insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus was present for many years. Other neurologic abnormalities, including diabetes insipidus, epilepsy, and nystagmus, have been described in association with diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy. A distinct, heredofamilial genetic mechanism, unrelated to diabetes mellitus per se, is postulated.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1986

Turbinate atrophy in gnotobiotic pigs intranasally inoculated with protein toxin isolated from type D Pasteurella multocida.

Three doses (75 micrograms, 25 micrograms, and 25 micrograms) of purified toxin isolated from a toxigenic strain of type D Pasteurella multocida were given (by atomizer) into the right nasal cavities of each of 10 gnotobiotic pigs on the 21st, 24th, and 27th days of age, respectively. Inoculated pigs (usually 2) and 1 noninoculated control pig each were necropsied on 3, 6, 9, 12, and 15 days after inoculations were given. Severe bilateral atrophy of turbinates occurred in all toxin challenge-exposed pigs. Atrophy was more severe in the inoculated nasal cavity than that in the noninoculated side in 2 of the 10 pigs. Microscopic changes in turbinates of toxin challenge-exposed pigs were more severe in pigs killed at later dates. Dominant changes included degeneration and necrosis of osteoblasts, markedly accelerated osteoclastic osteolysis, replacement of the osseous core by a highly cellular mesenchymal stroma, and multifocal atrophy of submucosal glands. Seemingly, a protein toxin isolated from toxigenic type D strains of P multocida produced rapid atrophy of turbinates and may be a contributing factor in development of clinical progressive atrophic rhinitis in swine.

Animals↗

PubMed1986

[The normal range of cerebral atrophy during aging: statistical analysis of 500 normal subjects].

We previously reported the newly developed quantitative measurement of the cerebral atrophy (pixel count method), and advocated the value CCR (CSF-cranial ratio) as the index of the volumetric measurement of the cerebral atrophy. As the pixel count method is somewhat troublesome, we tried to compare the various linear measurement methods with pixel count method by means of multivariant analysis, and reported a single formula to calculate CCR from the linear measurement methods. Now we studied 500 normal subjects using the pixel count method and examined the normal range of the cerebral atrophy during aging by means of the maximum likelihood method. The normal range was estimated as follows; 0.32 less than y less than 5.78 (t less than 48), 0.068 t--2.944 less than y less than 0.368 t--11.884 (t greater than 48). Using these formula and this newly reported normal range, we can easily predict whether the cerebral atrophy is pathological or not.

Aging↗

PubMed1985

Cheiralgia paresthetica and linear atrophy as a complication of local steroid injection.

Cheiralgia paresthetica, a mononeuropathy of the superficial branch of the radial nerve, is an uncommon problem, usually resulting from local trauma to the wrist. This report describes a 27-year-old patient who developed subdermal atrophy following local hydrocortisone injection as a treatment for deQuervain's tenosynovitis. Subsequently, she developed linear skin atrophy, a rare complication of steroid injection thought to result from lymphatic spread of the steroid suspension, extending proximally from the initial atrophic area in her hand into her forearm. Soon after wearing a wristwatch on the affected wrist, she developed symptoms of cheiralgia paresthetica. Linear atrophy was found to traverse the superficial radial nerve and was considered to contribute to the symptoms. It is important to be aware that subcutaneous atrophy may follow the lymphatics with injections of steroid.

Adult↗

PubMed1985

Anterior optic nerve blood flow in experimental optic atrophy.

This study attempts to establish whether neurogenic optic atrophy induces changes in anterior optic nerve circulation and to determine how noninvasive techniques of measuring blood flow in vivo compare to microsphere distribution. Five cats underwent unilateral optic nerve transection in the orbital apex and a sham procedure in the contralateral eye. Two to three months later, no abnormalities were detected by fluorescein angiography. Laser Doppler measurements demonstrated a 53% decrease in red blood cell speed through the capillaries of the atrophic optic nerve heads in vivo. Optic disk reflectance measurements of anterior optic nerve blood volume in vivo demonstrated a 51% decrease in the estimated blood volume of the capillaries in atrophic optic nerve heads. Flow was calculated on the basis of these noninvasive measurements and demonstrated an average decrease of 74% in optic atrophy. Histologic studies of microsphere distribution demonstrated an average decrease of 80% in flow to the anterior optic nerve in optic atrophy. These results suggest that anterior optic nerve blood flow is significantly reduced in primary neurogenic optic atrophy. This study also demonstrates that the noninvasive measurements of blood flow are substantiated by histologic evaluation of microsphere distribution.

Animals↗

PubMed1985

Characterization of the anti-inflammatory activity and reduced potential for dermal atrophy of (11 beta, 16 beta)-9-fluoro-1',2',3', 4'-tetrahydro-11,21-dihydroxypregna-1,4-dieno[16,17-b]naph thalene-3, 20-dione hydrate (1 : 1) (SQ 26,490), a topically active corticoid.

SQ 26,490, (11 beta, 16 beta)-9-fluoro-1',2',3',4'-tetrahydro-11, 21-dihydroxypregna-1,4-dieno[16,17-b]naphthalene 3,20-dione hydrate (1 : 1), was a moderately potent inhibitor of edema formation in the rat. After extended topical application, SQ 26,490 totally inhibited edema formation without appreciable production of skin atrophy, measured under identical conditions. This atrophy was maintained at a low plateau level of 15-20% at doses beyond those necessary to achieve optimal anti-inflammatory activity. In contrast, the potent corticoids, fluocinolone acetonide and halcinonide, and the moderately potent corticoid, clobetasone butyrate, produced inhibition of edema with a concomitant dose-related atrophy. Hydrocortisone, a weakly potent corticoid, totally inhibited edema and produced at high doses a low atrophy. SQ 26,490 possesses the property for a greater separation of anti-inflammatory and atrophogenic activities than comparative corticoids.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed1979

Effect of Corynebacterium parvum in prevention and reversal of atrophy of the liver following portacaval shunt.

Since it has been demonstrated that the administration of Corynebacterium parvum is associated with increased hepatocyte proliferation in both normal and regenerating livers, it seemed appropriate to determine whether the use of this agent would affect the hepatic atrophy which occurs following end-to-side portacaval shunts. When administered at shunting, liver weight and liver deoxyribonucleic acid failed to decrease to the same extent as that occurring in untreated, shunted rats. An increase in liver deoxyribonucleic acid synthesis was observed following portacaval shunt only in treated rats. Corynebacterium parvum administration to portacaval shunt rats with livers demonstrating marked atrophy 15 to 18 days following shunting resulted in the reversal of such atrophy. There was an increase in liver weight and deoxyribonuclei acid to the extent that those values were equal to, or greater than, those of livers from nonshunted rats. By increasing the number of cells within liver, Corynebacterium parvum administration prevents or reverses the decrease in liver size, that is, atrophy, which occurs after portacaval shunts were performed.

Animals↗

PubMed1977

[Atrophy of the hippocampus of vascular origin. Clinico-pneumoencephalographic study].

Among 20 patients with symptoms of cerebrovascular insufficiency, dissociation between memory disturbances and cognitive functions, and PEG studies, there were 13 cases showing atrophy of the hippocampus. The neurological and psychological studies included memory functions tests, IQ, and the analysis of language and praxia. Complementary tests included standard EEG records, EEGs obtained with nasopharingeal electrodes and PEG tomography with selective filling of both temporal horns, in order to demonstrate the inner and lower surface of the temporal lobes. The volume of the Ammon horn was reduced in 13 cases. Hippocampal atrophy was unilateral in 11 patients and bilateral in 2. The fact that hippocampal atrophy was demonstrated by PEG studies in 13 out of 20 cases, appears to be highly significant. This clinico-neuroradiological correlation seems to indicate that hippocampal atrophy, following ischemia in the deep distal vertebro-basilar-posterior cerebral territory, disturbs the function of axial structures (Papez circuit or limbic system) apparently leading to the disturbances of memory functions observed in this group of patients.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Patterns of spinal cord atrophy by metrizamide CT.

Forty patients with cervical myelopathy underwent high-resolution computed tomography (CT) with intrathecal administration of metrizamide for evaluation of cervical spinal cord atrophy. Thirty of them showed evidence of either focal atrophic distortion or generalized accentuation of the anatomic surface features of the spinal cord. Patients with a Chiari malformation or syringomyelia were excluded. The characteristic features in cervical spondylosis and canal deformity include flattening of the ventral surface of the cord, central infolding, beaking of the lateral funiculi, and wasting of the dorsal surface of the cord. Patients with motor neuron disease showed a combination of anterolateral and posterolateral atrophy reflecting underlying degeneration of the anterior horn cells and/or corticospinal tracts, respectively. Those with monomelic motor neuron disease had a striking ipsilateral hemiatrophy of the spinal cord. Among those presenting with spastic paraparesis, seven with clinically definite multiple sclerosis showed diffuse atrophy or focal degeneration due to a localized plaque of demyelination. Two cases of cord neoplasm showed atrophy secondary to ascending or descending degeneration of the long tracts.

Atrophy↗

PubMed1981

Activity of some enzymes of energy metabolism during denervation and reflex atrophy in rat slow and fast muscles.

The loss of muscle weight in the soleus (SOL) and extensor digitorum longus (EDL) muscles was compared after denervation and in the course of reflex muscle atrophy induced by unilateral fracture of metatarsal bones of the paw and local injection of 0.02 ml turpentine oil subcutaneously. This so-called reflex atrophy is significantly greater after 3 days than that after denervation. Seven days after the nociceptive stimulus, reflex and denervation atrophy are grossly similar in both muscles. This also applies in case that the nociceptive stimulus had been repeated on the third day. The EDL:SOL enzyme activities of energy supply metabolism reflect the differences between a glycolytic-aerobic (EDL) and predominantly aerobic type (SOL) of muscle. No consistent changes were found in either type of atrophy after 3 days. In 7 days' denervation, the activity of hydroxyacetyl-CoA-dehydrogenase (HOADH) and citrate synthase (CS) was decreased in the SOL, while glycerolphosphate:NAD dehydrogenase (GPDH) was enhanced. In the EDL, the activity of triosephosphate dehydrogenase (TPDH), GPDH, malate dehydrogenase (MDH), CS and HOADH was decreased. Acid phosphatase (AcP) was greatly increased in both muscles. Seven days after application of the nociceptive stimulus, all enzyme activities were altered in a grossly analogous manner as after denervation.

3-Hydroxyacyl CoA Dehydrogenases↗

PubMed1983

A comparison of cerebral atrophy in CT scan findings among alcoholic groups.

Seventy-five alcoholic patients and 94 control subjects were examined by CT scans and measured by 11 measurement items on CT. The alcoholics were classified and compared. Enlargement of ventricles was recognized in the alcoholics. The degree of enlargement of ventricles was extremely striking in alcoholic dementia. The increasing tendencies toward cerebral atrophy in a given age stratum were almost parallel in the controls and the alcoholics, with a difference in the degree of atrophy. It was suggested that the enlargement of the ventricular system in the alcoholics might be induced in the initial stage of alcohol dependence, and that physiological atrophy due to aging might progress thereafter. The results of multivariate canonical analysis of these CT items suggested that the CT indicators effective for evaluating alcoholic cerebral atrophy were the transverse diameter of the third ventricle, Ventricle index and Evans' index.

Adult↗

PubMed1984

Cavitation of mesenteric lymph nodes, splenic atrophy, and a flat small intestinal mucosa. Report of six cases.

This study describes, in 6 patients with a flat small intestinal mucosa and splenic atrophy, a particular lesion of the mesenteric lymph nodes termed "cavitation." In 4 women and 2 men with abdominal mass, intestinal obstruction, or suspected celiac disease-associated lymphoma, unusual pseudocystic lymph node lesions were found in the jejunal or jejunoileal mesentery. These lesions consisted histologically of a large central cavity occupied by hyaline-type material and surrounded by fibrous tissue and remnants of lymph node structures. There was no histologic evidence of malignant lymphoma or mesenteric panniculitis. Diffuse subtotal villous atrophy involving at least the jejunum was found in each case, together with unequivocal biological and morphological evidence of splenic atrophy, severe malabsorption, and a history of chronic or childhood diarrhea. HLA B8 or DR3, or both, was present in 4 of 4 cases; dermatitis herpetiformis was present in 1 case. An unequivocal mucosal response to a gluten-free diet was observed in 2 cases. Four patients died of cachexia or hyposplenism-related infections. We conclude that cavitation of mesenteric lymph nodes is an original feature which may be associated with splenic atrophy and a flat small intestinal mucosa; some of these patients may have celiac disease. Pathogenesis is unknown.

Adult↗

PubMed1978

Tissue atrophy and subcutaneous edema of the rheumatoid hand. A roentgenographic study of soft tissues.

Soft tissue radiography of the hands using a mammographic immersion technique was performed on 119 patients having definite or classical rheumatoid arthritis and on 123 controls of matching age, sex and professional distribution. The grade of soft tissue atrophy in the hands was visually estimated from the radiographs and the combined cortical thickness of the second metacarpal shaft and skin thickness of the lateral side of the hand were measured. The stage of chronic edema in the absence of synovitis was estimated. Local bone cortical thickness and skin thickness have a highly significant correlation to the estimated atrophy grade. Soft tissue atrophy of hands is a sign which appears in chronic rheumatoid arthritis, especially in elderly females and has a clear correlation to the number of other irreversible radiographic signs in the hands. The incidence of moderate or advanced atrophy was 21% in rheumatoid patients. Chronic edema was found in 16%, mostly in connection with atrophic changes. A lymphatic origin of this sign is suggested.

Adult↗