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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed1975

Class change in the personal illness hierarchy.

Sixty-eight psychiatric in-patients who had completed the Delusions-Symptoms-States Inventory (D.S.S.I.) on admission were retested after one month. On first testing 92.6 per cent conformed to the hierarchy of classes of personal illness model, and on the second occasion 91.2 per cent. Of those who could improve, 72 per cent did so, most commonly by moving down one hierarchy class, e.g. from the Neurotic Symptoms class to the Dysthymic States class. (On the other hand only 30 per cent of the 61 patients who originally reported symptoms did not do so after one month.) Thus although it is clear that the patients as a group changed markedly, they have not departed from the hierarchy. These results indicate that either the symptoms further up the hierarchy remit before those lower in the hierarchy or they remit together. Certainly those lower in the hierarchy do not go first. It is suggested that the results would be difficult to accommodate within strict disease-entity models, and that they have different implications for both treatment and the assessment of change in current state.

Anxiety↗
PubMed1981

Guided mourning for morbid grief: a controlled study.

During 2 weeks on a waiting list 12 patients with morbid grief did not improve significantly. They were then randomly allocated either to guided mourning treatment, in which they were encouraged to face cues concerning their bereavement, or to control treatment in which they were asked to avoid such cues. Each treatment comprised six 1 1/2 hour sessions over 2 weeks. At week 4 guided mourning patients had improved significantly more than had controls on 3 measures, with a supportive trend on 4 measures. Improvement, though modest, was maintained to 10-28 weeks follow-up. Control patients did not improve significantly or show any trend to do so.

Adult↗
PubMed1985

Water intoxication in psychiatric patients.

Compulsive water drinking is associated with a broad spectrum of psychopathology, from mild neurosis to psychosis. Since the normal kidney is capable of excreting large volumes of fluid rapidly, water intoxication requires both a pathological basis and a psychiatric explanation of why so much water is being taken. Excessive water consumption can be dangerous, so that the fluid intake of patients with a history of polyuria together with a low urinary specific gravity should be closely observed. Four cases of water intoxication resulting from psychogenic polydipsia are described, three of them in chronic schizophrenics, where inappropriate ADH secretion might represent part of the psychosis.

Adult↗
PubMed1988

Plasma cortisol and depression in pathological gamblers.

Basal serum cortisol and dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results were studied in 21 pathological gamblers who varied on the Beck Depression Inventory and selected scales of the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory, which had previously been shown to be related to depression in gamblers. All subjects were suppressors on the DST. There was a significant relationship between fluctuation in 08.00 h and 16.00 h basal cortisol levels and the psychological measures, suggesting a subtype of pathological gambler with potential clinical significance.

Adult↗
PubMed1989

Altered state of consciousness in a compulsive water drinker.

A relatively normal 16-year-old Chinese woman with a six-month history of compulsive water drinking resulting in a comatose state is reported. The drinking was perpetuated by an enjoyable altered state of consciousness after ingestion of an average of 20 litres of water per day. Treatment by fluid restriction and, later, simple education was successful. The subjective dimension of an altered state of consciousness may provide an important explanation for the obscure aetiology.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1991

Intoxicated by water. Polydipsia and water intoxication in a mental handicap hospital.

A cross-sectional survey of the drinking habits of 877 mentally handicapped in-patients revealed 31 patients (prevalence 3.5%) who, in the opinion of nurses, drank five litres or more daily. Low urine specific gravity was a less useful indicator of polydipsia. Polydipsia appeared to be significantly associated with a borderline level of handicap and with a diagnosis of schizophrenia, autism or severe personality/behaviour disorder. Of five cases of water intoxication associated with polydipsia, one was fatal. In two cases excess drinking improved with increased neuroleptic medication. Lithium and demeclocycline were used in two cases to prevent hyponatraemic episodes.

Adult↗