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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Preplasma conditions for operation of 10-Hz subjoule femtosecond-laser-pumped nickel-likex-ray lasers.

We present measurements of electron densities of plasmas with femtosecond (fs) temporal resolution. The plasmas are generated by laser pulses with different intensities at different time delays. Such plasmas are of great interest as preplasmas for transient, collisionally excited x-ray lasers. The laser pulses producing the plasmas are generated by stretching part of a 130-fs laser pulse of the ATLAS titanium-sapphire laser of our institute and focusing this radiation to a line on molybdenum and silver slab targets. The electron density is measured as a function of distance from the target by interferometry using a Wollaston prism. Using an ultrashort probe pulse allows one to obtain data extremely close, about 10 microm, to the target surface. Experimental data are compared with simulations using the MULTI hydrocode. The results allow comparison of the ablation from a hard (Mo) and a soft (Ag) material, optimization of prepulse-main pulse delay times, and selection of the best pump geometry allowing for propagation of the pump and x-ray beams. These points are key elements for the development of a high-repetition-rate soft-x-ray laser.

Journal Article↗
PubMed1975

Symposium on sensorineural hearing loss in children: early detection and intervention. Behavioral audiometry with children.

Our purpose in this discussion has been to present practical information about behavioral audiometry with infants and young children as a critical part of the comprehensive audiologic assessment. The introductory discussion focused on eight critical audiometric variables and the application of operant conditioning. These variables and operant principles were related to behavior observation audiometry, threshold audiometry (including play, visually reinforced and tangibly reinforced), and speech audiometry (including the speech awareness threshold, the speech reception threshold, and word discrimination). It is concluded that through careful application of these principles and procedures, meaningful audiometric data can be obtained from any child regardless of age or developmental disability.

Acoustic Stimulation↗
PubMed1976

[Anesthesia and the postoperative period in non-urgent tracheal surgery. Apropos of 36 patients].

The authors report 36 cases of resection and suture for stenosis or tumour of the trachea and give details of their technique of anaesthesia, the post-operative follow-up and their results. The development of fiber endoscopy and simplification of intubation, increases the security of the patient, facilitates the task of the anaesthetist and thus improves greatly the operative conditions and post-operative period.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2001

[HIV infection in the operating room conditions].

Several cases of occupational HIV transmission during surgical procedures have been reported all over the world in the last few years. Orthopaedic surgeons are at particularly high risk for blood contamination and skin injuries. This article addresses the risk of HIV transmission in the surgical setting with a focus on specific risk factors: the prevalence of the infection in general population, the stage of the disease, virulence, inoculum size, the nature and frequency of blood contacts. It also shows how the last two factors depend on surgical specialty, duration and kind of the procedure, role of each person, number of needles used and amount of blood loss. The recommended safer surgical techniques as well as personal protective equipment are presented as the strategy to prevent health care worker--to patient transmission. The importance of compliance with universal precautions is pointed as a way to achieve a successful outcome in preventing infection with HIV.

Disinfection↗