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PubMed2000

The role of good form in young Infants' perception of partly occluded objects.

Young infants have been reported to perceive the unity of a center-occluded object when the visible ends of the object undergo common motion, but not on the basis of stationary information (e.g., P. J. Kellman & E. S. Spelke, 1983). We investigated the possibility that 4-month-old infants will attend to and utilize the global configuration (i.e., the "good form") of a partly occluded, moving object to perceive its unity and coherence behind the occluder. In the first experiment, infants viewed a partly occluded circle or cross that translated laterally. Infants who habituated in the minimum number of trials ("fast habituators") showed a reliable posthabituation preference for a broken object over a complete object, indicating perception of unity in the habituation display. Slow habituators exhibited no posthabituation preference. In the second experiment, infants were presented with small ring and cross displays, and the infants looked longer at the broken object. There were no reliable differences in performance between fast and slow habituators. A control group demonstrated no reliable posthabituation preference. In three additional conditions, infants viewed either a partly occluded half ring or a display in which two rod parts were either relatable and nonaligned or nonrelatable. The results indicated that curvature per se provided information in support of completion, in addition to global configuration and motion. Implications for theories of infants' visual development are discussed.

Case-Control Studies↗
PubMed2000

A human extrastriate area functionally homologous to macaque V4.

Extrastriate area V4 is crucial for intermediate form vision and visual attention in nonhuman primates. Human neuroimaging suggests that an area in the lingual sulcus/fusiform gyrus may correspond to ventral V4 (V4v). We studied a human neurological patient, AR, with a putative V4v lesion. The lesion does not affect early visual processing (luminance, orientation, and motion perception). However, it does impair hue perception, intermediate form vision, and visual attention in the upper contralateral visual field. Form deficits occur during discrimination of illusory borders, Glass patterns, curvature, and non-Cartesian patterns. Attention deficits occur during discrimination of the relative positions of object parts, detection of low-salience targets, and orientation discrimination in the presence of distractors. This pattern of deficits is consistent with the known properties of area V4 in nonhuman primates, indicating that AR's lesion affects a cortical region functionally homologous to macaque V4.

Animals↗
PubMed1976

Scales for measuring general health perceptions.

This article reports on the construction and testing of eight health perception scales from 32 items on a standardized survey instrument designed for self-administration, the Health Perceptions Questionnaire (Form II). The scales measure perceptions of prior health, current health, health outlook, resistance/susceptibility to illness, health worry/concern, sickness orientation, rejection of sick role, and attitude toward going to the doctor. Field testing revealed that the scales are valid, reliable, and stable over time for diverse populations. It is recommended that the scales be used in studies requiring general health measures. Suggestions for future research are offered.

Attitude to Health↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Spectral characteristics of EEG during formation a set to illusory length perception (Müller-Lyer illusion)].

A cognitive set to illusory perception of linear relationships was formed in 56 young healthy subjects. After 10 presentations of Müller-Lyer figures, 39 subjects formed the stable set. In 17 subjects the unstable set was formed. The spectral power of the EEG led from different cortical areas was studied at different stages of set formation. Analysis of variance showed that the factors "set stage" and "group" x "set stage" x "hemisphere" exert significant influence on the EEG spectral power in the delta range in the frontal area. In the subjects with stable set, the power of this spectral component increased at the stages of set formation and actualization and returned to its initial values during set extinction. The between-group difference was more expressed in the left hemisphere. In subjects, which formed the stable set, the power of the occipitotemporal alpha rhythm in the reference state was higher than in subjects with the unstable set. In the process of set formation, the dynamics of the alpha spectral component (8-10 Hz) was more expressed in the stable group: its power increased to a greater extent at the stages of set actualization and extinction. In both groups, there were no significant changes in the alpha2 power over the course of the experiment.

Adult↗