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At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources
PubMed2004

Parallel programming of gradient-based iterative image reconstruction schemes for optical tomography.

Optical tomography (OT) is a fast developing novel imaging modality that uses near-infrared (NIR) light to obtain cross-sectional views of optical properties inside the human body. A major challenge remains the time-consuming, computational-intensive image reconstruction problem that converts NIR transmission measurements into cross-sectional images. To increase the speed of iterative image reconstruction schemes that are commonly applied for OT, we have developed and implemented several parallel algorithms on a cluster of workstations. Static process distribution as well as dynamic load balancing schemes suitable for heterogeneous clusters and varying machine performances are introduced and tested. The resulting algorithms are shown to accelerate the reconstruction process to various degrees, substantially reducing the computation times for clinically relevant problems.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2004

XML knowledge database of MRI-derived eye models.

In a model-based approach, MR images were used to build a database of individual eye models. In order to store the features of the specific eye morphology in an extensible, structured and Internet-accessible database, an appropriate XML structure was implemented. A document type definition was developed that managed the data of the correlated feature space and defined associations via training data sets. The classification and retrieval system has been implemented in Java and successfully applied to classify data sets. Classified data were then added to the database. The presented approach can be easily transferred to similar classification implementations.

Eye↗
PubMed1996

A computer program for regression analysis of ordered categorical repeated measurements.

RMORD is an easy-to-use FORTRAN program for the analysis of clustered ordinal data using the method of Stram, Wei, and Ware. This method constitutes an extension of the proportional-odds model to the situation in which groups of responses are correlated. At each measurement occasion, a proportional-odds regression model is fit to the data by maximizing the occasion-specific likelihood function. The joint asymptotic distribution of the occasion-specific regression parameter estimators is obtained along with a consistent estimator of their asymptotic covariance matrix. RMORD may be used when ordinal measurements are obtained at a common set of observation times for multiple subjects or clusters. Both missing data and covariates which vary within clusters can be accommodated. The program can be run on microcomputers, workstations, and mainframe computers. Two examples illustrating the usage and features of RMORD are provided.

Age Distribution↗
PubMed1989

Modeling emergency department operations using advanced computer simulation systems.

We developed a computer simulation model of emergency department operations using simulation software. This model uses multiple levels of preemptive patient priority; assigns each patient to an individual nurse and physician; incorporates all standard tests, procedures, and consultations; and allows patient service processes to proceed simultaneously, sequentially, repetitively, or a combination of these. Selected input data, including the number of physicians, nurses, and treatment beds, and the blood test turnaround time, then were varied systematically to determine their simulated effect on patient throughput time, selected queue sizes, and rates of resource utilization. Patient throughput time varied directly with laboratory service times and inversely with the number of physician or nurse servers. Resource utilization rates varied inversely with resource availability, and patient waiting time and patient throughput time varied indirectly with the level of patient acuity. The simulation can be animated on a computer monitor, showing simulated patients, specimens, and staff members moving throughout the ED. Computer simulation is a potentially useful tool that can help predict the results of changes in the ED system without actually altering it and may have implications for planning, optimizing resources, and improving the efficiency and quality of care.

Appointments and Schedules↗
PubMed1996

Sequential and parallel molecular mechanics calculations.

This article describes a gradient algorithm for the computational optimization of model molecular structures, and discusses the various compromises inherent in the practical expression of the algorithm in a Fortran computer program (VULCAN) for both sequential and parallel computers. Details are given of some previously undiscussed properties of gradient algorithms; various acceleration techniques are compared; and some traps for the unwary are highlighted.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

A graphic editor for analyzing signal-transduction pathways.

We describe a graphical editor designed specifically to facilitate analysis and visualization of complex signal-transduction pathways. The editor provides automatic layout of complex regulatory graphs and enables users easily to maintain, edit, and exchange publication-quality images of regulatory networks.

Algorithms↗
PubMed1998

Tools for visualization and integration of intermediate sequencing results in large disease gene discovery projects.

We describe two Java applets which are useful for insightful presentation of intermediate experimental data in gene discovery projects involving large scale sequencing. One of these applets provides a physical map of a genomic region and provides easy access to the second applet, which furnishes a detailed map of sequence contigs associated with clones on the physical map. In particular, the second applet displays all the known information about each contig, including the presence of exons, database homology 'hits', repetitive elements and other features; the graphics are linked to other World Wide Web pages, providing detailed information on each feature. These applets should be useful to other research groups working on large sequencing projects.

Chromosome Mapping↗
PubMedDate not supplied

A 3D medical image database management system.

We describe the design and implementation of QBISM (Query By Interactive, Spatial Multimedia), a prototype for querying and visualizing 3D spatial data. Our medical image application is focused on the brain mapping requirements for multimodality relationships across multiple subjects. It incorporates data describing both structure and function. It includes data structures that describe anatomy, physiology, coordinates using rendered imagery and statistical output. The system is built on top of the Starburst DBMS extended to handle spatial data types, specially, scalar fields and arbitrary regions or space within such fields. In this paper we list the requirements of the application, discuss the logical and physical database design issues, and present timing results from our prototype. We observed that the DBMS' early spatial filtering results in significant performance savings because the system response time is dominated by the amount of data retrieved, transmitted, and rendered.

Brain Mapping↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The visible embryo project: embedded program objects for knowledge access, creation and management through the World Wide Web.

We have designed a prototype knowledge management online environment for the biomedical sciences which integrates access to online representations of the scientific literature, bibliographic databases, high-performance visualization technologies, large-scale scientific databases, and tools for authoring new-generation scientific publications. This system will provide widespread access to its resources by using the World Wide Web for its underlying architecture. This system expands upon our Weblet Interactive Remote Visualization (IRV) server technology to produce a set of dedicated Internet "visualization servers" which provide interactive control of real-time visualizations from the Visible Embryo Project database from within Web pages viewed with our WebRouser software package. This system will be used to develop a set of prototype applications for both online education of medical students in developmental anatomy and for an interactive patient education system for expectant parents. We recognize that knowledge represented by these national resource databases is not static, therefore it is essential to include tools for both the creation of new "compound documents" which incorporate embedded objects, as well as for managing the peer-review of scholarly publications, in order to ensure the integrity of new knowledge as it is added to these databases in the future. We have therefore begun to design integrated tools for our system which facilitate both the creation of and the validation of new generations of scientific knowledge.

Anatomy, Cross-Sectional↗
PubMedDate not supplied

The use of deblurring technique for improving the longitudinal resolution in helical CT of the head and neck region.

We evaluated the use of deblurring technique by digital deconvolution for improving the longitudinal resolution in helical CT in a phantom and CT images of head and neck patients. After performing the helical scanning, overlapped axial images were reconstructed at 1/10 of the actual collimation. Then, the deblurring technique was performed. Results revealed that the resolution of slice profiles was improved after deblurring. Further, the longitudinal resolution increased as the strength of the deconvolution increased, at the expense of an increase in helical artifacts. The sharpness and visualization of horizontally running structures were improved in the reconstructed MPR, MPVR, MIP and 3D images in both the phantom and the images of all patients. Also, visualization of the peripheral vessels in CTAs was improved.

Angiography↗
PubMedDate not supplied

VoxeLine: a software program for 3D real-time visualization of biomedical images.

The architecture and implementation of VoxeLine, a new interactive environment for display and analysis of 2D and 3D images in real-time, is discussed. This modular software project comprises two main parts: a user part (without programming expertise) and a programming part which permits its adaptation to specific problems. VoxeLine has the ability to deal with almost all sorts of data types encountered in the biomedical field (e.g. images, vectors). Another important feature is its ability to show datasets in all directions without duplicating data into the main memory. This feature allows VoxeLine to be used on machines with limited memory capacities and power. Real-time 3D manipulations (10 Hz for a 256 x 256 x 124 MRI dataset) are possible on a classic monoprocessor architecture such as a personal computer.

Color↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Computer system for four-dimensional transesophageal echocardiographic image reconstruction.

This paper presents a system for reconstructing a four-dimensional (4D) heart-beating image from transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) data acquired with a rotational approach. The system consists of the necessary processing modules for two-dimensional (2D) echocardiogram reformation and 3D/4D-image reconstruction. These include the modules of image decoding, image re-coordinating, and three-dimensional (3D) volume rendering. The system is implemented under PC platform with Windows 95 operating system (with Intel Pentium-166 CPU, 64 MB RAM on board, and 2.0 GB hard disk capacity). It takes 6 min to reconstruct a 4D echocardiographic data set. The resultant 2D/3D/4D echocardiographic image provide the tools for investigating the phenomenon of heart beating, exploring the heart structure, and reformatting the 2D echocardiograms in an arbitrary plane. The functions provided by the system can be applied for further studies, such as 3D cardiac shape analysis, cardiac function measurement, and so forth.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed2003

Component-based mediation services for the integration of medical applications.

Allowing exchange of information and cooperation among network-wide distributed and heterogeneous applications is a major need of current health-care information systems. The European project SynEx aims at developing an integration platform for both new and legacy applications on each partner's site. We developed, in this project, mediation services based on the generic and reusable software components that facilitate the construction of an integration platform and ease the communication and the meaningful transformation among distributed and heterogeneous applications. The main component of the mediation services is named Pilot, which serves as an intelligent broker. It uses a multi-agents service model allowing the integration platform to be multi-servers. It transforms a client request into a valid high level service on the platform. Each service is broken up into several elementary steps by the Pilot. For each step, the Pilot uses an agent to realize the operation configured by the step. At runtime, the Pilot synchronizes the execution of different steps. To ease the communication and the interaction with the heterogeneous systems, an agent can integrate a Mediator. The Mediators are the communication and interpretation tools within the mediation services. We have developed a generic model that can be specialized for creating specific mediators for the different use cases. The mediator model uses two interfaces to connect the mediator with two systems that need to communicate. Each interface deals with the three aspects through three managers (the Communication Manager, the Syntax Manager and the Semantic Manager). Some ready-to-use specializations are developed for some well defined cases which can reduce the development effort. Once a manager is specialized, it can be used in different combinations with other managers to resolve different problems. The meaningful transformation is ensured on a semantic level in each mediator through the Semantic Model component. This last component allows the mapping among different vocabularies used by different systems through a shared ontology which allows the mapping process to focus on the meaning of the transformed information. We have used XML in different components of the mediation services as the interchange format and the description format. This has enhanced the flexibility of the components. The component based approach allows the generic components to be reused in different contexts and also allows the mediations services to be open to integrate other available technologies thus largely reduce the development efforts.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Supporting tools for guideline development and dissemination.

This paper describes a methodology for representing clinical practice guidelines and facilitating their introduction into the medical routine. Since this methodology can be exploited in a www environment, it can represent the basis for sharing clinical guidelines both between different institutions and between human and software agents cooperating within a clinical context. In addition, the proposed guideline formalization is intended to deal with patient and organization preferences. This goal is achieved by augmenting the guideline with decision analytic models and by linking the guideline with an organizational model of the clinical setting. The designed framework allows guideline development, tailoring and implementation, real-time access to the guideline prescriptions and guideline validation.

Algorithms↗
PubMed2000

Formal description of disease courses.

Patient case analysis is an elementary and crucial process clinicians are confronted with daily. The importance and complexity is reflected in the need to discuss individual patient cases in clinicopathological conferences and the documentation of more than 70,000 patient cases in MEDLINE. This paper introduces DCGL, a technique to model disease course descriptions as present in medical literature. DCGL enables advanced computerised matching of generic disease course descriptions with individual patient case descriptions, a basic function in computerised patient case analysis.

Artificial Intelligence↗
PubMed2000

A customisable framework for the assessment of therapies in the solution of therapy decision tasks.

In current medical research, a growing interest can be observed in the definition of a global therapy-evaluation framework which integrates considerations such as patients preferences and quality-of-life results. In this article, we propose the use of the research results in this domain as a source of knowledge in the design of support systems for therapy decision analysis, in particular with a view to application in oncology. We discuss the incorporation of these considerations in the definition of the therapy-assessment methods involved in the solution of a generic therapy decision task, described in the context of AI software development methodologies such as CommonKADS. The goal of the therapy decision task is to identify the ideal therapy, for a given patient, in accordance with a set of objectives of a diverse nature. The assessment methods applied are based either on data obtained from statistics or on the specific idiosyncrasies of each patient, as identified from their responses to a suite of psychological tests. In the analysis of the therapy decision task we emphasise the importance, from a methodological perspective, of using a rigorous approach to the modelling of domain ontologies and domain-specific data. To this aim we make extensive use of the semi-formal object oriented analysis notation UML to describe the domain level.

Artificial Intelligence↗