SEARCH · PubMed Health

Results for “Screening programs”

Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.

Quote a phrase for an exact phrase match. Source license links do not imply unrestricted reuse.

At least 1,405 records · Page 78Linked to original sources

PubMed1988

Results of a mass screening program for colorectal cancer.

Following a series of educational newscasts about colorectal cancer that were aired on a local television news program, stool guaiac slide kits were distributed on request to 72,000 persons in Memphis. One or more slides were positive In 1310 (6%) of the 23,000 kits returned. Of the 1310 individuals with positive cultures, 597 (45%) saw a physician for further evaluation. Sixty-five of these persons received inadequate evaluations. Of the 532 individuals (90%) who received adequate evaluations, 154 (26%) had no evidence of pathology that would account for occult blood. Of the remaining 443 persons, 26 were found to have colorectal cancer, and 20 of these 26 persons were found to have surgically amenable lesions (Dukes' stages A through B2). In addition, 67 potentially precancerous polyps were found. Mass screening for colorectal cancer using guaiac slide tests, coupled with patient compliance for a screening protocol and adequate follow-up evaluation, has the potential to identify and treat early colorectal cancer.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

[2-year analysis of the results of a screening program on computer basis for the detection of pre- and early stages of cervix carcinoma (model Rostock) (II)].

Two years experiences with a computer-assisted program for early detection of prestages and early cervical cancer in Rostock-city are reported. 65% = 27028 women finally cooperated. Pathological papsmears were found in 0,52%. 9 cases of severe dysplasia, 30 carcinomata in situ, 3 cases of early invasion, 3 micro- and 5 macrocarcinomas were observed. Accessory findings were seen in 10,2%.

Adult↗

PubMed2000

Pooling of urine specimens for detection of asymptomatic Chlamydia trachomatis infections by PCR in a low-prevalence population: cost-saving strategy for epidemiological studies and screening programs.

Pooling, in groups of five, of urine specimens from asymptomatically infected men in a population with 4% prevalence, as determined by case finding, is 100% sensitive and specific and results in a 60.5% reduction in the number of tests needed. Pooling of urine specimens in groups of 10 for the estimation of population-based prevalence is 96.1% sensitive and 100% specific and saves 90% of the test costs.

Bacteriuria↗

PubMed2003

The okinawa screening program.

Predictors of ESRD were identified using independent registries of both ESRD patients and the general population in Okinawa, Japan. Besides male gender, we found that the significant predictors of ESRD to be proteinuria, hematuria, and hypertension, especially diastolic BP. Among the laboratory findings, a high serum creatinine level was shown to be a strong predictor of ESRD. The effects of age, obesity, and hypercholesterolemia were insignificant, but this needs to be confirmed in a larger cohort and other registries.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1999

Research challenges to recruitment and retention in a study of homebound older adults: lessons learned from the nutritional and dental screening program.

This paper attempts to describe the many reasons why it is difficult to recruit homebound older adults to participate in research studies. The reasons, not surprisingly, are more practical than theoretical. Complicated procedures for participants to follow, cross-cultural communication, fear of the medical establishment, convoluted consent forms, making contact on the telephone, finding the participants' homes, and a host of other nagging problems combine to erect enormous barriers to running successful studies. It is our hope that in identifying these difficulties we will also shed light on how to design studies that minimize their impact.

Aged↗

PubMed1976

[Results of a glaucoma mass screening program (author's transl)].

During a so called "glaucoma-week" the intraocular pressure of 4661 persons was measured and the statistics obtained were evaluated according to the spss-program. The mean value of the intraocular pressure was 17.18 mm Hg, the standard deviation +/-3.78 mm Hg. The frequencies of various pressure values were in accordance with a Gaussian distribution up to 21 mm Hg. For higher applanation scores a deviation from the Gaussian line became obvious, increasing in intensity with age. Therefore a subpopulation is postulated consisting of persons with diabetes, arteriosclerosis or family history of glaucoma.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1980

[Calcium oxalate activity products and discriminant analysis of urinary parameters as basis for a calcium oxalate screening program (author's transl)].

The values of 7 urinary parameters in divided urine collections were measured in 20 patients with calcium oxalate stones and ten normal persons. On this basis the thermodynamic stone formation risk was calculated for the different urine collections. Stone formation risk in the 0-6 a.m. urine fractions appeared to be the most important. The risk of stone formation is significantly increased in the time from midnight to 6 a.m. To detect the risk situation the determination of oxalic acid, calcium, potassium and inorganic sulfate in night urine is adequate.

Calcium↗

PubMed1980

Detection of congenital dislocation of the hip by an early screening program, with particular reference to false negatives.

The incidence of hip abnormality was investigated in 11,980 children born at Hope Hospital, Salford, between 1975 and 1978. Of 179 neonates (14.9/1,000 livebirths) found to have an abnormal hip, only 22 (1.8/1,000 livebirths) required treatment with an abduction splint. Despite this high detection rate of hip abnormalities, 10 children (0.83/1,000 livebirths) presented with late congenital dislocation of the hip, i.e., CDH diagnosed after the age of six weeks. It is suggested that the hips should be reexamined in all children at the age of six to seven months.

England↗

PubMed1981

Detection of true pathologic stage I lung cancer in a screening program and the effect on survival.

One-hundred-sixty-nine lung cancers have occurred to date among 10,040 cigarette smoking men who participated in the New York Lung Cancer Detection Program. Almost 40% of the cases, 65, were still Stage I when their disease was diagnosed; 62 had thoracotomy and resection, and in 57, mediastinal node dissection confirmed that the mediastinum was free of metastases ("true pathologic" Stage I). Fifty-four of the 62 (87%) are still alive at this time, while only 15 of 104 (14%) of those with Stage II and III lung cancers are alive. Only two patients of the 62 in Stage I who were treated by resection died of lung cancer, both with T2 tumors. Two others are alive with metastases, one died postoperatively, and five died of other causes without evidence of lung cancer. The estimated probability of survival for true Stage I lung cancer is over 90% at five years, and close to 40% of all lung cancers can be detected in this favorable stage by present radiologic and cytologic screening techniques.

Adenocarcinoma↗

PubMed2003

Outcome results of a school-based screening program for undertreated asthma.

BACKGROUND: Undertreatment of asthma is associated with significant potentially preventable morbidity, including frequent school absences. Guideline dissemination and clinician education have met with variable success. School-based identification of children with potentially undertreated asthma may provide an alternative strategy for improving asthma management in children. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effectiveness of school-based identification of potentially undertreated asthma. METHODS: A controlled trial of school-based identification of children with known but symptomatic asthma using mailed parent surveys, letters recommending medical follow-up, and medical record review to evaluate changes in asthma treatment after referral. RESULTS: Most parents (79.9%, n = 5,116 respondents) responded to the survey and 19.4% (n = 994) of children were reported to have a physician diagnosis of asthma or reactive airway disease. Letters of referral were sent to 489 children with parent-reported asthma who were identified as having potentially undertreated asthma. Approximately one-third (31.2%, n = 153) of these children had physician visits, and 92 (18.8% of all referred) had documented medication changes. In addition, there were 20 new physician diagnoses in this group of children. In the control group of 604 children with asthma, there were significantly fewer children with asthma-related visits (131, 21.7%, P = 0.0004) and children with medication changes (74, 12.3%, P = 0.002) in a comparable 6-month window. CONCLUSIONS: School-based screening or case identification increased the number of physician asthma-related visits and changes in asthma therapy.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1997

Early sonographic diagnosis of Jarcho-Levin syndrome: a prospective screening program in one family.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the possibility of early diagnosis of Jarcho-Levin syndrome by ultrasound examination of the fetus. Over a period of 5 years, nine women from one Arab family, known to carry an autosomal recessive form of the disease, were prospectively and repeatedly examined using ultrasound. Out of eight pregnancies, four fetuses were diagnosed as being affected by the disease as early as 12 gestational weeks. Three elected to terminate the pregnancy before viability and one was born at term. There were no misdiagnoses. We conclude that early prenatal ultrasonographic diagnosis of Jarcho-Levin syndrome is feasible, although later sonographic confirmation is often warranted.

Abnormalities, Multiple↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Characteristics of respondents to a cervical cancer screening program in a developing country.

BACKGROUND: Characteristics associated with the response to a personalized, mailed invitation for the Papanicolaou (Pap) test vary among women. This study assesses the relationship between selected characteristics (e.g., demographic, obstetric, Pap history) and the response to a letter of invitation to undergo a Pap test among Mexican women affiliated with the Mexican Social Security Institute (IMSS). METHODS: Study subjects were 328 women affiliated with the IMSS who received and responded to a mailed letter of invitation, and 247 age- and clinically matched controls who received but did not respond to the letter of invitation. Statistical analysis consisted of multivariate conditional regression model. RESULTS: Having better housing conditions was one of the factors associated with letter response (medium level vs. low level, odds ratio [OR] = 3.17, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] = 2.46-4.09; high level vs. low level, OR = 2.65, 95% CI = 2.06-3.41). Other factors positively associated with letter response were greater number of pregnancies, previous Pap testing, being pleased at receipt of the letter of invitation, and knowing another woman who had received the invitation. Factors associated negatively to letter response were 7 or more years of formal education (> or =7 years vs. 0-6 years, OR = 0.50, 95% CI = 0.40-0.63), having a current job, availability of other medical services in addition to the IMSS, and willingness to receive Pap results by mail. CONCLUSIONS: Low educational level is not a limitation for cervical cancer screening call and recall among women affiliated with the IMSS.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

[A screening program for detecting children with an increased SIDS risk (sudden and unexpected infant death)].

The prospective study presented conducted to prevent SIDS (sudden infant death syndrome). One of the proposed hypotheses on SIDS postulates a brainstem abnormality in the neuroregulation of cardiorespiratory processes. Therefore we characterized cardiorespiratory control mechanisms by examining the neurotransmitter substance P in plasma and polysomnographic investigations. With respect to the probable multifactorial origin of SIDS we selected children firstly anamnestically by means of an epidemiologically evaluated pre-, peri- and postnatal risk score. We reported the results of 208 polysomnographically and biochemically examined children anamnestically selected from a group of 2500 neonates. Examinations were performed on infants aged 2-4 weeks up to 1 year. To characterize respiratory control, length and frequency of apnoeas were separately estimated by means of polysomnography in the sleep states active and quiet sleep. If there were polygraphic risk factors representing a disturbance of respiratory control, the children were prophylactically treated with aminophylline 3 x 3 mg/kg b.w. for 4 weeks. We found a significant age dependence both of the mean apnoea duration in active sleep and the substance P level in plasma in the SIDS-risk group but not in the controls. High mean apnoea duration was correlated with low substance P level in the first months of age in SIDS risk infants selected anamnestically. This may reflect a delayed maturation of respiratory control mechanisms. In this way the polysomnography and the investigation of the neuropeptide substance P may be useful for a screening method indicating wether the respiratory control mechanisms are mature or not.

Aminophylline↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Cytology screening program in an urban and rural community in India. Review of a ten-year experience.

An approach to the detection and management of early cervical cancer and its precursors utilizing basic and inexpensive equipment and a team of workers comprising physicians, cytotechnicians and social workers in an urban and rural community in India is described. In the ten-year period from 1970 to 1979, a total of 26,217 patients had Papanicolaou smears taken; 104 patients had histologically proven carcinoma in situ or microinvasive cancer of the cervix in which the clinical findings at the time of cell study did not indicate malignancy. The policy of management based on judicial conservatism and essential radicalism gave good survival rates and minimum morbidity.

Carcinoma in Situ↗

PubMed1993

[Objective prevention of ictus. Data informatics from a mass screening program].

The main technical and functional abilities of the computer supply to the epidemiologic program Obiettivo Prevenzione Ictus are described. The aim of the program is to investigate the epidemiology of carotid occlusive disease in subjects aged 45 to 75 by following a diagnostic and therapeutic protocol, designed to discover and treat internal carotid artery stenosis. The magnitude of the population involved is 23,140 subjects. The data from the population are collected in a three level archive whose configuration makes it possible to obtain information either from within each level and from all of them. Thus, the software adopted provides specific tools for elaboration of epidemiologic data as well as for clinical management of carriers of carotid lesion and for follow-up of treated patients.

Aged↗

PubMed2004

The natural history and the national pre-marital screening program in Saudi Arabia.

The genetic disorders are chronic in nature and, therefore, require continuous support and health care. Consequently, the genetic diseases cause formidable economic and psychosocial burdens on the family with negative reflection on the community at large. The genetic diseases are a heterogeneous group that result in varieties of chronic health ailment as a result of defects in the genetic material. The congenital malformations and some genetic defects may result from exposure to radiation, pharmaceutical drugs, the exposure of the mother during pregnancy to certain infectious diseases, such as rubella, toxoplasma or viruses. It may also result as a side effect of chronic diseases, including diabetes, hypertension or varieties of environmental factors, or both. The other group of genetic diseases are transmitted from parents to the offspring through a specific pattern of inheritance exemplified by recessive genetic disorders. This group includes the sickle cell gene, the thalassemias, the hemophilias, inborn errors of metabolism and red cell enzymopathies. The main etiological factors of genetic diseases and congenital malformations are 1) Genetic defects which are transmitted to offspring through carriers of affected parents. 2) Mutations in the genetic materials due to spontaneous mutations, exposure of the mother during pregnancy to infectious diseases, such as rubella and toxoplasma, receiving certain teratogenic drugs during pregnancy, exposure of the mother to ionizing radiation during pregnancy such as x-ray and chronic diseases of the mother, such as diabetes mellitus. 3) Others such as difficult labor or injury to the baby, during or after labor. This paper reviews the natural history of common blood genetic disorders and the means of prevention and control, focusing on pre-marital screening as a means of prevention.

Congenital Abnormalities↗

PubMed1985

The centralized prenatal genetics screening program of New York City III: The first 7,000 cases.

The Prenatal Diagnosis Laboratory of New York City (PDL) is a regional program for the prevention of genetic diseases. The administrative aspects of the establishment of the laboratory were described in papers I [Hsu, 1981] and II [Hsu and Benn, 1981] in this series. We now report our experience of the first 7,000 referrals to the laboratory. The laboratory achieved a success rate of 99.5% in obtaining a diagnosis. The frequency with which a repeat amniocentesis was required was 1.9%, usually attributable to inadequate initial amniotic fluid volume or condition. Cases were completed in an average time of 20.82 days. A total of 149 (2.13%) cytogenetic abnormalities were detected. There were 59 nonmosaic autosomal trisomies and 29 sex chromosome abnormalities. The incidence of unbalanced structural abnormalities (0.186%) was much higher than that reported in surveys of newborn infants largely because of the prenatal detection of cases with supernumerary chromosomes. The incidence of balanced structural abnormalities was also considerably higher than that found in surveys of the newborn population, in part because of the detection of subtle familial pericentric inversions of common chromosome regions (inv(Y)(p11q11), inv(2) (p11q13), and inv(1)(p11q13)). The incidence of cases with multiple independent chromosome abnormalities was no higher than expected by chance. A high incidence of mosaicism, pseudomosaicism, and maternal cell contamination was found. Screening for neural tube defects accounted for the detection of a further 16 abnormalities. Nearly all women with severely abnormal fetuses (trisomy 13, 18, 21) elected to terminate their pregnancy whereas only 62% of patients with a prenatally diagnosed sex chromosome abnormality elected to terminate their pregnancies. Full details of follow-up and confirmatory studies for unusual diagnoses are reported. Utilization of prenatal diagnosis in the New York City area has increased sharply since PDL became operational. The laboratory's success illustrates the role of a prenatal diagnosis laboratory that provides a service independent of the patient's financial status. The experience further shows the high degree of acceptance of prenatal diagnosis by individuals at high risk for a child with a genetic disorder.

Amniocentesis↗

PubMed1995

Development of a community mammography registry: experience in the breast screening program project.

PURPOSE: To assess the formation, implementation, and operation of a community mammography registry, which is a consolidated database for all mammography and breast biopsy reports within a community. MATERIALS AND METHODS: A registry was created in Lee County, Fla. Mammography interpretation data were provided by 13 facilities and 38 radiologists organized in several private practice groups. RESULTS: The registry contains data on 87,926 mammograms and 3,234 breast biopsies performed between June 1991 and May 1994. The registry calculates individual and group mammography interpretation accuracy measures, such as sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, false-positive and false-negative rates, and clinical outcome measures such as sizes and stages of malignant lesions detected. CONCLUSION: The registry allows community radiologists and mammography practices to compare their outcomes with those of their local peers and to published data and encourages focused interventions for quality improvement based on objective experience.

Adult↗