[Problems and behaviors. The problem of geriatric wandering].
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Aged↗
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Results for “Behavioral problems”
Explore indexed PubMed citations for clinical trials, systematic reviews and public health research. Read source abstracts and follow each citation to its original PubMed record.
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Visual P3 findings in Mission Indian youth: relationship to family history of alcohol dependence and behavioral problems.
Native Americans have some of the highest rates of alcohol abuse and dependence, yet risk factors for problem drinking remain relatively unknown. The amplitude of the P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP) has been suggested to be an index of 'vulnerability to alcoholism', especially when it is elicited by visual tasks in younger individuals. Visual P3 tasks, however, have not been previously investigated in Native American youth. One hundred and four Mission Indian youth between the ages of 7 and 13 years participated in the study. ERPs were collected using two visual target paradigms: a facial discrimination and an estimation of line orientation task. Analyses of covariance revealed that participants with a first degree family history of alcoholism had lower P3 component amplitudes in frontal leads to the facial discrimination task. Lower P3 amplitudes, in posterior areas, were found in the line discrimination task in children who scored above the 75th percentile in delinquent behaviors on the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist. These findings are consistent with investigations in non-Indian populations demonstrating that the late positive component of the event related potential is sensitive to both familial history of alcohol dependence as well as personal history of externalizing behaviors.
Adolescent↗
[Early attachment experiences and behavioral problems in young children in a social and cognitive test situation].
In this article, the influence of quality of attachment (Ainsworth Strange Situation at 21 months) and of the intensity of attachment insecurity on test performance and emotional state in the test situation (Bayley-test at 20 months) are analyzed. The quality of attachment of 75 infants was classified according to Crittenden's PAA (Preschool Assessment of Attachment) as: secure (B), insecure defended (A) and insecure-coercive (C). Alternately, the infants were classified according to their intensity of insecurity of attachment across subtypes of qualities (secure, insecure, highly insecure). Securely attached (B) infants had the best Bayley Mental scores, were socially open and bodily relaxed. The insecure-defended (A) infants had moderate test results, were moderately open and tense, whereas the insecure-coercive (C) infants showed not only the worst test-results but were often withdrawn, fearful, tense, and poorly coordinated. Additional clinical signs of disorganization were spread unspecifically over all attachment groups particularly those of the insecure children. In the classification of children according to intensity of insecurity, these signs of disorganization accumulated particularly in the group of highly insecure infants. Children with highly insecure attachment who also exhibited unusual test situation behavior also had the lowest Bayley-test scores in the Mental Scale. These results are interpreted in the sense of balance between test engagement and emotional cost.
Arousal↗
The treatment of severe behavior problems in school settings using a technical assistance model.
We evaluated the feasibility of local school personnel conducting functional analysis and reinforcement-based treatment procedures within actual classroom settings. Following an initial in-service workshop on functional assessment and differential reinforcement procedures, on-site technical assistance was provided two to four times per month to local school personnel working in transdisciplinary teams. Overall results suggest that local school personnel were able to implement all procedures adequately with periodic technical assistance. In addition, functional analysis was effective in identifying individual maintaining contingencies, the derived treatments were effective, and the results were maintained throughout the approximate 18 months of this investigation.
Aggression↗
Preschool behavior problems: stability and factors accounting for change.
From a sample of high risk children, groups of acting out, withdrawn, and normal preschool children were identified and followed through first, second, and third grade. A high degree of stability of developmental adaptation was found for each group. Examination of the exceptions to predicted outcomes indicated that discontinuity of development was accounted for by level and change in maternal depressive symptomatology, life circumstances, stressful life events experienced by the family, and quality of the home environment. Level of maternal depression appeared to directly affect the quality of care she provided her child, and indirectly affected the quality and organization of the home environment.
Achievement↗
Toward reducing behavior problems in autistic children.
A historical perspective was presented, attempting to trace how some clinical concepts and working assumptions, effective in the past, had drifted out of relationship with social changes, and were now considered by many as being myths. These included the assumption that developmental deviations such as autism were primarily normal responses to family stress and that autism primarily involved the child's social withdrawal from a hostile environment. In this paper some relationships between such myth beliefs and parental difficulties in managing their autistic child were identified. Specific management difficulties were distinguished from general ones. The latter manifest themselves in parental confusion, inappropriate expectations, and social role diffusion. Suggestions were made for helping parental management through changing treatment structures from traditional procedures.
Attitude of Health Personnel↗
Treatment techniques and outcomes in multidimensional family therapy for adolescent behavior problems.
The link between treatment techniques and long-term treatment outcome was examined in an empirically supported family-based treatment for adolescent drug abuse. Observational ratings of therapist interventions were used to predict outcomes at 6 and 12 months posttreatment for 63 families receiving multidimensional family therapy. Greater use of in-session family-focused techniques predicted reduction in internalizing symptoms and improvement in family cohesion. Greater use of family-focused techniques also predicted reduced externalizing symptoms and family conflict, but only when adolescent focus was also high. In addition, greater use of adolescent-focused techniques predicted improvement in family cohesion and family conflict. Results suggest that both individual and multiperson interventions can exert an influential role in family-based therapy for clinically referred adolescents.
Adolescent↗
An examination of counselor ratings of behavior problem youth in an early stage, community-based intervention program.
Explored counselor ratings of 10- to 13-year-old Ss (33 girls and 99 boys) in the first and last of three 15-day therapeutic camping trips. Counselors rated the Ss on on a 25-item, 6-point Likert scale. Examined were any perceived changes that occurred in the boys or girls according to the six factors extracted from the rating data. The factors found were: Group interferer, unstructured dependence, disliked but trying, outright offender, mutual leadership, and institutional adaptability. Results indicated a significant difference between boys and girls from third-trip comparisons on unstructured dependence. Only the boys showed significant differences between the first and third trips. Reliable counselor ratings were found, and boys were perceived by the counselors to change, while girls were not. A discussion of possible reasons and/or implications of the study was given.
Adolescent↗
A genetically informed study of the association between harsh punishment and offspring behavioral problems.
Conclusions about the effects of harsh parenting on children have been limited by research designs that cannot control for genetic or shared environmental confounds. The present study used a sample of children of twins and a hierarchical linear modeling statistical approach to analyze the consequences of varying levels of punishment while controlling for many confounding influences. The sample of 887 twin pairs and 2,554 children came from the Australian Twin Registry. Although corporal punishment per se did not have significant associations with negative childhood outcomes, harsher forms of physical punishment did appear to have specific and significant effects. The observed association between harsh physical punishment and negative outcomes in children survived a relatively rigorous test of its causal status, thereby increasing the authors' conviction that harsh physical punishment is a serious risk factor for children.
Adult↗
Weinberg's syndrome: a disorder of attention and behavior problems needing further research.
A subset of inattentive children have an underlying problem in sustaining wakefulness ("vigilance"). This disorder of vigilance, termed Weinberg's syndrome, is characterized by difficulty in maintaining wakefulness and alertness as evidenced by (among other symptoms) motor restlessness (fidgeting and moving about, yawning and stretching, talkativeness) and complaints of tiredness. During tasks requiring concentration (continuous mental activity) such as reading, children with Weinberg's syndrome will daydream, lose interest, complain of boredom, and become increasingly restless. Napping, while infrequent, usually is not refreshing. A distinct personality described by family members and friends as kind, affectionate, compassionate, or "angelic" also seems to characterize this condition. Weinberg's syndrome has a familial pattern suggesting autosomal-dominant inheritance. Additional neurophysiologic, pharmacotherapeutic, epidemiologic, and genetic studies will be necessary for a full understanding of Weinberg's syndrome.
Attention Deficit and Disruptive Behavior Disorder↗
[Indications for EEG in mental confusion and behavior problems].
Even in 1998 at the time of brain imaging, EEG recording is undoubtedly useful in clinical psychiatry when a true cerebral disease takes the form of an acute psychiatric disorder. Though the real place of EEG recording cannot be yet accurately quantified, it may help guide the diagnosis, as it is of either positive (ie, confirming the diagnosis via additional information) or negative (ie, rejecting various etiologies) value. Most of the time, only the former is considered in published studies. The clinical value of EEG recording in psychiatry emergency unit is therefore still not clearly established. The study of patients admitted during two years in the emergency unit at Sainte-Anne hospital (Paris, France) does not bring new conclusions, mainly because of bias in the modalities of admission and follow-up. As well, the role of EEG recording for the diagnosis of non-psychiatric diseases in psychiatry emergency units cannot be defined today. The authors review clinical situations where EEG recording is still highly advisable.
Behavioral Symptoms↗
An epidemiological investigation of emotional and behavioral problems in primary school children in Japan. The report of the first phase of a WHO collaborative study in Western Pacific Region.
1860 primary school children, aged from 6 to 12 years, from urban suburban and rural areas in Japan were assessed by their school teachers according to the Rutter scale. The prevalence of children with deviant scores in the general population was 3% and this figure was lower than that for any other country assessed by the same scale. Eighty-four percent of the deviants were of an antisocial type but only 7% were neurotic. The ratio of antisocial to neurotic was higher than those from other countries. The prevalence of children with deviant scores was higher in boys than in girls, and also higher in early and middle school years than in late school years. Area, family occupation, sibship size, birth order and one-parent family had only limited effects on the deviant behaviour of the children.
Affective Symptoms↗
In-home generalization of social interactions in families of adolescents with behavior problems.
The effects of a three-phase family communication program were evaluated. In the skill-teaching phase, family members were taught reciprocal social communication skills in a clinic setting. During the skill-review phase, each family member practiced the skills in their homes with the teacher. During the home-based family conference phase, each family was taught to use a structured format to resolve current family issues using their newly acquired skills. In-home parent-youth interactions were observed during a series of 1-hr sessions that involved directed and nondirected situations. Evaluation included a multiple baseline design across skills during the skill-teaching phase and a multiple baseline design across families for the family conference phase. Although the procedures of the skill-teaching phase resulted in parent-adolescent dyads learning to use the skills in the teaching setting, competent use of the skills in the home was not observed until the family conference phase was implemented. These results suggest the importance of home-based intervention if changes are to be obtained at home.
Adolescent↗
[Behavioral problems in children with specific and pervasive developmental disorders, evaluated with the psychopathology assessment scale (AMDP)].
Children with specific developmental disorders of speech and language have an increased rate of psychiatric disorder compared to children developing normally. Children with early infantile autism show psychopathological symptoms in addition to those that are required for the diagnosis. These are often important in daily dealings with the children. As part of a larger study 4 groups of school age children (21 with normal development, 18 with an expressive language disorder, 21 with a receptive language disorder and 11 children with early infantile autism) were rated according to the psychopathological documentation for children (AMDP) within the assessment situation and according to reports of the behaviour outside. Several items were added to include symptoms that are not rated in the present documentation. Significant differences in the means were found between the group of children with autism and the control group. The children with language disorder showed a high variance which was interpreted as a sign for a heterogeneous group. Several of the added items improve the documentation of psychopathological findings in young school children.
Age Factors↗
Measuring outcomes of care for adolescents with emotional and behavioral problems.
OBJECTIVES: To validate the prototype Adolescent Treatment Outcomes Module (ATOM), examine its sensitivity to clinical change, and determine its feasibility for administration in routine clinical settings. METHOD: A sample of 67 adolescents, aged 11 through 18, was selected from new patients at two inpatient and two outpatient mental health programs. Adolescents and parents completed the ATOM and validating instruments at intake, 1 week postintake, and again at 6 months. RESULTS: Nine self-report symptoms predicted positive diagnoses of oppositional defiant, conduct, anxiety, and depressive disorders on the basis of structured diagnoses, with sensitivities of 0.7 to 0.8. Test-retest correlations for outcome scales were largely excellent (>0.70). Scales that measured functioning at home, in school, and in the community were moderately correlated in the expected direction with global functioning. Decreases in symptom severity and functional impairment were generally associated with decreases in validating instruments. Administration time averaged 25 minutes for adolescents and 28 minutes for parents. CONCLUSIONS: Both parents and adolescents readily completed the ATOM. Module scales demonstrated excellent reliability and good to fair concurrent validity. The ATOM was able to detect change and its absence.
Activities of Daily Living↗
Multiple maltreatment experiences and adolescent behavior problems: adolescents' perspectives.
By adolescence, appraisal of one's past life experience becomes critical to the stage-salient issue of identity formation. This study examined adolescents' perceptions of their maltreatment experiences. It scrutinized the combined and unique contribution of five maltreatment types (i.e., physical abuse, sexual abuse, psychological abuse, neglect, and exposure to family violence) to variance in adolescent adjustment. It was predicted that these maltreatment types would account for significant variance in adjustment when controlling for the context variables of age, sex, socioeconomic status, IQ, and stressful life events. Adolescents (N = 160, aged 11-17) were randomly selected from the open caseload of a child protection agency. Participants completed global severity ratings regarding their experiences of the five types of maltreatment, as well as a battery of measures assessing self- and caretaker-reported externalizing and internalizing symptomatology. The youths' maltreatment ratings significantly predicted self-reported adjustment, even when controlling for all context variables. Psychological maltreatment was the most predictively potent maltreatment type, and enhanced the predictive utility of other maltreatment types. Significant sex differences in the sequelae of perceived maltreatment were evident. Also, interactions between youths' ratings and those obtained from CPS files were detected. The findings were consistent with recent research in child maltreatment, and contribute to our understanding of developmental psychopathology among adolescents.
Adolescent↗
Prediction of early social and academic adjustment of children from the inner city.
Investigated predictors of five measures of early school adjustment for an ethnically diverse cohort of 683 inner-city kindergartners and first graders. Data from 2 consecutive years were collected from teachers, school records, and children. A multiple-regression preduction model significantly explained children's competence behavior, problem behavior, reading achievement, mathematics achievement, and school absences. Prior adjustment and sociodemographic factors explained a majority of the variance in adjustment. Perceived quality of parent involvement was signifcantly related (in the expected direction) to all five outcomes. Exposure to life events was significantly associated in the expected direction with competence behavior, problem behavior, and school absences but not with reading and mathematics achievement. Together, parent involvement and life-event variables explained as much as 12% of the variance in adjustment independent of sociodemographic and prior adjustment factors. The role of family and school factors in the adjustment of children at risk is discussed [corrected].
Absenteeism↗
Anticonvulsant drug therapy of behavior problem children with abnormal electroencephalograms.
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Anticonvulsants↗