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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources
PubMed1981

The role of helmets in reducing head injuries from motorcycle accidents: a political or medical issue?

The cases of 311 motorcycle accident victims who were seen at a major trauma center over 17 months were reviewed. The types and severity of injuries were standardized according to the Injury Severity Score (ISS) for motor vehicle accidents. Victims were categorized into groups: helmet or no helmet and major, minor or no head injury. Major injury was defined as a 3 on the Abbreviated Injury Scale for "head" (loss of consciousness for at least 15 minutes with or without skull fracture and with or without neurological deficit). THE FOLLOWING CONCLUSIONS ARE DRAWN: (1) The death rate for those with and without helmets was not significantly different, (2) the victims of fatal accidents had identical total ISS scores regardless of the presence of helmets, (3) the chance of sustaining a severe head injury was significantly higher in the no helmet group and (4) the incidence of long-term neurological defect was three times greater in the no helmet group.

Accidents, Traffic↗
PubMed1980

An industry viewpoint on respirator research needs...

Neither the physics nor the politics of respirator research can take place in a vacuum. Industry must be a party to setting research priorities and to the peer review of research growing out of these priorities. After all, we know where the utilization of respiratory protection is a necessary part of our manufacturing processes. But more important, it is our employees who must wear the fruits of your research and development efforts, and it is essential to us as employers that, when respirators are required, they afford equal protection to that of the best engineering, work practices, and administrative controls.

Air Pollutants↗
PubMedDate not supplied

[Evaluation of omethoate and fenitrothion absorption in greenhouse workers using protective equipment in confined areas].

Sprayers and workers engaged in manual operations in a greenhouse were monitored for exposure to omethoate and fenitrothion. Urinary dialkyl phosphates (dimethyl thiophosphate and dimethyl phosphate) were used as biological index of exposure to the two chemicals. Residues of fenitrothion on foliage were measured as well as levels of fenitrothion and omethoate in air samples collected in the breathing zone (personal sampling) and in the work-place near the entrance and the end of the greenhouse (static sampling). Skin exposure was estimated from pads placed on the thorax under overalls and from hand washing liquid at the end of the workshift. Sprayers wore respiratory and skin protection during the workshift. Workers engaged in manual operations did not wear respiratory protection. Re-entry to the greenhouse was permitted 48 h after spraying. Levels of omethoate and fenitrothion in air samples, on pads and on the hands, during manual operations on ornamental plants, were very low. Urine analysis shoved no significant difference between the pre- and post-exposure samples. No significant difference was found between levels of urinary dialkyl phosphates in the control group and exposed workers. Cholinesterase activity (acetyl and butyryl) showed no significant reduction at the end of the workshift compared with baseline values.

Adult↗
PubMed1977

Odor detection and respirator cartridge replacement.

If the odor threshold of a compound is greater than its TLV, overexposure of a respirator user is possible since breakthrough may not be detected. Odor threshold data are assembled for a number of different materials and compared to their TLV's. Use practices are recommended for chemical cartidge respirators for various grouping of compounds, based on their odor threshold to TLV ratio.

Alcohols↗
PubMed1987

Measuring helmet sound attenuation characteristics using an acoustic manikin.

The sound attenuation characteristics of two military helmets were measured using an acoustic manikin as the test apparatus. The manikin results are compared to the results of attenuation measurements made on human subjects wearing identical helmets. The testing room and instrumentation were the same for both the manikin and human subjects. Procedures in ANSI S3.19-1974 were used in the real-ear attentuation at threshold (REAT) part of this study. The results are encouraging as they suggest that the manikin may be used in place of a panel of human subjects to evaluate the hearing protection characteristics of military head gear.

Acoustics↗