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At least 1,423 records · Page 79Linked to original sources

PubMed2003

Randomized clinical trial comparing overnight use of two self-directed peroxide tooth whiteners.

PURPOSE: To directly compare tooth color change and spatial uniformity of two brush-applied, peroxide-based overnight tooth whiteners in a 2-week randomized clinical trial. METHODS: 57 adult volunteers were randomly assigned to Crest Night Effects, a 19% sodium percarbonate system packaged in unit dose sachets that when applied, dries to form an adherent film, or Colgate Simply White Night, a paint-on liquid in an applicator bottle at a concentration of 8.7% hydrogen peroxide. Both groups applied their assigned gel on the facial surfaces of the six maxillary anterior teeth for 14 nights. Efficacy was measured objectively as change in L*a*b* tooth color from standard digital images of maxillary teeth, while safety was evaluated by clinical examination and interview. RESULTS: After 14 nights treatment, adjusted mean (SE) change in yellowness (delta b*) was -0.95 (0.092) for the 19% sodium percarbonate film and -0.17 (0.096) for the 8.7% hydrogen peroxide gel, with these groups differing statistically (P < 0.0001). Other individual and composite color parameters also demonstrated significantly greater whitening for the 19% sodium percarbonate film compared to the 8.7% hydrogen peroxide gel after 14 nights use. Only the 19% sodium percarbonate film exhibited significant (P< 0.0001) proximal color improvement (delta b*) after 2 weeks, approximately 98% of that seen on the body of the tooth, providing evidence of proximal bleaching and uniform spatial whitening following use of this barrier-free system. Both products were well-tolerated, with no subjects discontinuing treatment early due to a causal adverse event.

Administration, Topical↗

PubMed2004

A clinical investigation of the tooth whitening efficacy of a new hydrogen peroxide-containing dentifrice.

OBJECTIVE: The objective of this four-week, double-blind clinical study was to assess the tooth whitening efficacy of a new dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride, and sodium tripolyphosphate in a high-cleaning silica base (Test Dentifrice), relative to that of a control dentifrice containing 0.243% sodium fluoride in a silica base (Control Dentifrice). METHODOLOGY: Following a baseline oral soft tissue examination and tooth shade assessment using the Vita Shade Guide, qualifying adult male and female subjects from the New Delhi, India area were randomized into either the Test or Control Dentifrice group. The two groups were balanced for baseline mean Vita Shade Guide rank scores. All subjects were provided with their assigned dentifrice and a soft-bristled adult toothbrush for home use. Subjects were instructed to brush their teeth for two minutes twice daily (morning and evening), using only the dentifrice provided, and to refrain from using any other oral hygiene products for the entire four weeks of the study. There were no restrictions regarding diet or smoking habits during the course of the study. Oral soft tissue and tooth shade evaluations for each subject were repeated after two and four weeks of product use. RESULTS: Forty-four (44) subjects complied with the protocol and completed the entire study. At the two- and four-week examinations, the Test Dentifrice group had statistically significant mean shade rank score reductions of 4.04 and 5.17, respectively, compared to baseline (p < 0.05), while the Control Dentifrice had respective reductions of 0.41 and 0.53, which were also statistically significant. The mean shade rank reductions in the Test group compared to those in the Control group at two and four weeks were 3.63 and 4.64, respectively, and were statistically significant (p < 0.05). CONCLUSION: A new whitening dentifrice delivering 1.0% hydrogen peroxide, 0.243% sodium fluoride and sodium tripolyphosphate has significant tooth whitening effectiveness, producing a mean shade rank score reduction from baseline of 5.17 after four weeks' use.

Adolescent↗

PubMed2004

A supernumerary maxillary tooth: its topographical anatomy and its clinical implications.

A supernumerary tooth was detected in the left maxilla during an osteology teaching session with undergraduate medical students. Supernumerary teeth have previously been detected in individuals who have approached a dental surgeon with a complaint and who have then been diagnosed by X-ray. Asymptomatic cases are frequently not diagnosed in time and it is only the malalignment or delayed eruption of the tooth which raises the suspicion that this type of dental anomaly is present. The present paper highlights the anatomico-radiological study of a supernumerary maxillary tooth in a bone specimen and describes its clinical implications. Precise anatomical details of the supernumerary maxillary tooth might be of significant clinical interest to dental and maxillofacial surgeons in drawing up a plan for orthodontic treatment and may thus minimise the possible complications involved.

Humans↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Dentition and occlusion development in African American children: mesiodistal crown diameters and tooth-size ratios of primary teeth.

PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the mesiodistal primary tooth size diameter and posterior sagittal tooth-size ratio in an African American population and compare to existing African American and European American norms. METHODS: A sample of 1,124 African American children, 564 males and 560 females, was used to record crown size diameters employing indirect (cast) and direct (intraoral) measurement techniques. RESULTS: African American males showed larger crown diameters than African American females for each of the 5 classes of primary teeth (a=0.05 level). Sexual dimorphism averaged 3.5% in the maxilla and 3.2% in the mandible. When inter-racial primary crown size comparisons were made between African American and European American children, African American males showed larger mean crown diameters for each class of primary teeth compared to European American males. The inter-racial comparisons in crown diameters of females showed fewer statistically significant differences in primary teeth classes. When crown size comparisons of the primary dentition's posterior segments were made, African American males and females showed a larger primary posterior sagittal tooth-size-ratio compared to European American children. CONCLUSIONS: While intra- and inter-racial sex differences exist in the primary teeth of African American and European American children, with few exceptions, the mesiodistal crown size differences and sexual dimorphism appear to be larger for the African American population. African American children show a larger primary posterior sagittal tooth-size ratio (0.96) compared to European American children (0.94).

Black or African American↗

PubMed2005

Patterns of tooth surface loss among winemakers.

There are a few documented case studies on the adverse effect of wine on both dental hard and soft tissues. Professional wine tasting could present some degree of increased risk to dental erosion. Alcoholic beverages with a low pH may cause erosion, particularly if the attack is of long duration, and repeated over time. The purpose of this study was to compare the prevalence and severity of tooth surface loss between winemakers (exposed) and their spouses (non-exposed). Utilising a cross-sectional, comparative study design, a clinical examination was conducted to assess caries status; the presence and severity of tooth surface loss; staining (presence or absence); fluorosis and prosthetic status. The salivary flow rate, buffering capacity and pH were also measured. Thirty-six persons, twenty-one winemakers and fifteen of their spouses participated in the study. It was possible to show that there was a difference in terms of the prevalence and severity of tooth surface loss between the teeth of winemakers and those who are not winemakers. The occurrence of tooth surface loss amongst winemakers was highly likely due to frequent exposure of their teeth to wine. Frequent exposure of the teeth to wine, as occurs among wine tasters, is deleterious to enamel, and constitutes an occupational hazard. Erosion is an occupational risk for wine tasters.

Adult↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Part one: The restoration of non-vital teeth: structural, biological, and micromechanical issues in maintaining tooth longevity.

This manuscript will review research from 1967 to the present to find the best evidence for the reconstruction of non-vital teeth. The paper will review the contention that non-vital teeth are "more brittle" by analyzing the relevant physical properties of vital versus non-vital teeth; describe the structures of the tooth used to manage stress and strain; describe the formation of dentinal cracks and propagation of fracture planes through dentin; and analyze forces placed on human teeth and their effects on the tooth in Part One. In Part Two, the paper will describe the strength of various dowel and core designs relative to strength, retention, and durability and describe the results of testing various dentin bonding materials in strength and retention of dowels in non-vital teeth. The review will conclude with recommendations as to the materials and techniques in specific clinical situations best capable of single tooth reconstruction to ensure tooth longevity together with the scientific basis for their adoption.

Biomechanical Phenomena↗

PubMed2006

Erosive tooth wear: diagnosis, risk factors and prevention.

PURPOSE: To provide an overview on diagnosis, risk factors and prevention of erosive tooth wear, which is becoming an increasingly important factor when considering the long- term health of the dentition. RESULTS: Awareness of dental erosion by the public is still not widespread due to the cryptic nature of this slowly progressing condition. Smooth silky-glazed appearance with the absence of perikymata and intact enamel along the gingival margin, with cupping and grooving on occlusal surfaces are some typical signs of enamel erosion. In later stages, it is sometimes difficult to distinguish between the influences of erosion, attrition or abrasion during a clinical examination. Biological, behavioral and chemical factors all come into play, which over time, may either wear away the tooth surface, or potentially protect it. In order to assess the risk factors, patient should record their dietary intake for a distinct period of time. Based on these analyses, an individually tailored preventive program may be suggested to patients. It may comprise dietary advice, optimization of fluoride regimes, stimulation of salivary flow rate, use of buffering medicaments and particular motivation for non-destructive tooth brushing habits. The frequent use of fluoride gel and fluoride mouthrinse in addition to fluoride toothpaste offers the opportunity to minimize abrasion of tooth substance.

Acids↗

PubMed1991

Reasons given for tooth extraction in Hong Kong.

Two hundred and seventy dentists, systematically selected from the membership lists of the Hong Kong Dental Association, were sent forms on which they were invited to record the reasons for tooth extraction in all patients aged 16 years and above over a period of five to six weeks. Third molars were excluded. Fifty-five per cent of the recording sheets dispatched were returned with usable data. Data were provided on 8516 extractions performed for 6331 patients. Overall caries was the reason given for 60 per cent of extractions; periodontal disease for 28 per cent; prosthetic indications for six per cent; trauma (which included tooth wear) for four per cent; and orthodontic and other reasons for two per cent. Extractions for periodontal reasons were more common in those aged 40 years and above, but periodontal disease did not exceed caries as a reason for extraction even in those aged 60 years and over. The tooth type most frequently extracted was the first molar. Mandibular incisors were the teeth most commonly extracted for periodontal reasons. In this community, which has benefited from water fluoridation since 1961, caries was the dominant reason given by dentists for tooth extractions in all age groups of the subjects studied.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1990

[Unilateral fusion of the right mesial permanent incisor with a supernumerary tooth: case report and therapeutic approach].

A rare case of unilateral fusion of mesial right maxillary permanent incisor with a supernumerary tooth and a concurrent finding of supernumerary tooth on the left side is presented. The fused tooth had 16 mm in mesiodistal crown diameter, with two separate pulps and roots. After separation and removal of the distal part of the crown, the tooth remnant was treated orthodontically and made up by a composite material, with enamel etching. A satisfactory esthetic appearance was achieved by team work, in collaboration with a pedodontist and orthodontist.

Child, Preschool↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Evaluation of accuracy of an electric device (Neosono D-SE) for the measurement of tooth length.

The study was conducted on 92 root canals selected from teeth advised for extraction to evaluate the efficacy of an electronic device (NEOSONO D-SE), Ingles method and Digital Tactile method for the measurement of working length of tooth. In 30% of anterior teeth and 30% of posterior teeth the electronic device was able to locate exact position of apical constriction of tooth, as measured after the extraction of the tooth. In 37% of anterior teeth and 13% of posterior teeth, the apical constriction was located exactly when digital tactile method was used. When Ingle's method for determining the working length was used it was successful in 30% of anterior teeth and 42% of posterior teeth. The study was also conducted to know the distance between apex of the tooth to apical foramen and distance between apical foramen and apical constriction. The findings of the study showed that the average distance between apex and apical foramen was 0.215mm and 0.289 mm in anterior and posterior teeth respectively. Whereas the distance between apical foramen and apical constriction was 0.610 mm and 0.504 mm in anterior and posterior teeth respectively.

Dental Pulp Cavity↗

PubMed1989

The diagnosis and treatment of the cracked tooth syndrome.

Teeth restored with intracoronal restorations that provide no protection of the cusps from occlusal loading may fracture completely or partially. An incomplete dentinal fracture of a vital posterior tooth may cause pain. This condition is commonly known as the "cracked tooth syndrome". Location of the dentinal crack is difficult and must be guided by a precise history, thermal pulp testing and inspection of the dentinal walls within the suspect tooth. The number, extent and direction of the fracture lines may be ascertained readily by using transillumination and magnification. This allows the clinician to distinguish between oblique and vertical cracks. Treatment of oblique incomplete fracture relies on desensitisation of the hypersensitive dentine followed by splinting of the tooth fragments. Treatment of vertical incomplete fracture requires pulpectomy and immediate splinting of the crown. Two case reports are presented.

Cracked Tooth Syndrome↗

PubMed1989

[Topesthesia and the tooth development].

The present study was so designed to evaluate the change of topesthesia based on the degree of resorption of deciduous teeth and the grade of root formation of permanent teeth. A total 12315 teeth (6140 deciduous teeth and 6175 permanent teeth) from 311 boys and 364 girls, whose ages ranged from 3.9 to 17.2 years (average 8.3 years) were examined. After taking dental X-rays, 20 g of pressure was applied on the axially direction on each tooth, and then the child was requested with his index finger to identify which tooth was perceived to be pressed. A specially designed tooth pressing device was used. For reference, the measurement of the root surface was made on an extracted tooth using a digital image analyzer (MAGISCAN-IIA). The followings were the results obtained in the present study. 1) The topesthesia of the teeth was found to be more accurate in mesially located teeth than in distally located teeth. Some children falsely indicated the mesially located teeth. 2) The topesthesia of deciduous teeth was increased more as the resorption of the teeth was progressed. 3) The topesthesia of the permanent teeth decreased as the root formation developed. 4) Negative correlation was noticed between the topesthesia and amounts of the root surface remaining. (Correlation coefficient of upper jaw -0.94, lower jaw -0.89).

Adolescent↗

PubMed1989

[The physical end of a so-called sickle-shaped tooth].

The author had the unique opportunity of surgically exposing a socalled sickle-shaped tooth, righting and aligning it with an orthodontic appliance in a patient then aged 6 years and 9 months and extract this tooth 32 years and 7 months later. The history and further evolution of this patient suggest that the development of a socalled sickle-shaped tooth, which this patient no doubt had, need not necessarily involve a traumatic factor. The displacement of such a tooth as well as the curvature of its root, which was still evident in this patient, appeared to have a genetic basis.

Activator Appliances↗

PubMed1995

[Long-term follow-up of tooth transplantation from the functional and periodontal viewpoint].

The outcome of 81 of 99 patients being treated from 1980 to 1993 by transplantation of autologous teeth was investigated. The overall transplant survival rate was 91% after 1 year, 81% after 5 years and 70% after 9 years. The early loss of transplanted teeth was due to healing disorders. The long-term losses were due to caries and replacement resorption. Caries in tooth transplants has to be treated very early, because deep caries or deep drilling leads to an infection of the nutrient canals of the osteodentine. If the pulp chamber of a transplant is once obliterated by osteodentine, endodontic treatment can no longer be performed in many cases. The periodontal condition of the transplants did not differ from that of normal teeth. In 23% there was a decreased tooth mobility, caused by ankylosis of the transplant. 51% of the transplants showed occlusal disturbances but none of the patients had signs of occlusal traumatization of the teeth or of the temporomandibular joint. In comparison to success rates taken from the literature it is pointed out that tooth transplantation has a better long-term prognosis than endodontic treatment. Therefore, in young patients requiring root canal treatment, tooth transplantations should be considered.

Adolescent↗

PubMedDate not supplied

Maxillary anterior single-tooth replacement: comparison of three treatment modalities.

The correct treatment of a single missing maxillary anterior tooth in the aesthetically prominent area has become more challenging. The missing tooth can today be replaced by one of three prosthodontic treatment modalities--conventional fixed bridge, resin-bonded bridge, and single-tooth implant. The most important factors to be considered are the predictability of aesthetics, the preservation of the enamel shield and the dentinal and pulpal tissue, and the preservation of the periodontium and the alveolar bone. The learning objective of this article is a critical discussion of these three modalities as a replacement of a missing anterior single tooth to aid in selection of the most appropriate treatment in each individual clinical case.

Dental Implants↗

PubMedDate not supplied

A long-term followup on the retention rate of zinc oxide eugenol filler after primary tooth pulpectomy.

A retrospective study of all the patients' records (> 6000) in a pediatric dental practice was done to assess ZOE retention after a pulpectomized primary tooth was lost and the succedaneous tooth erupted. There were 65 children with 81 ZOE pulpectomies done in 30 incisors and 51 molars. Pulpectomies were done at a mean chronologic age of 52.2 months and followed for a mean time of 90.8 months from time of placement. The initial radiograph after the pulpectomized tooth was lost, showed retained ZOE filler particles in 49.4% of the cases while 27.3% had retained ZOE a mean time of 40.2 months after pulpectomy tooth loss. Short-filled pulpectomies retained significantly less ZOE than long fills (P = 0.04). With time, retained ZOE particles either resorbed completely or showed reduction of filler size in 80% of the cases. No pathology was associated with the retained ZOE particles. Retention of ZOE was not related to pulpectomy success (P = 0.11), preoperative root resorption (P = 0.76), age of the patient (P = 0.24 incisors; P = 0.87 molars), extraction/exfoliation of the pulpectomy (P = 0.75), or timing of the pulpectomy's loss (P = 0.72).

Age Factors↗

PubMed1993

Autogenous tooth transplantation: a reevaluation.

This paper discusses whether autogenous tooth transplantation can survive as an option in the future dental armamentaria. Clinically, successful transplants must show a radiolucent space between the roots and surrounding bone. There must be no evidence of ankylosis, no permanent root resorption, and no inflammation. Histologically, the criterion of success is a normal and functional periodontal ligament between the root surfaces of transplants and the bone or gingival connective tissues. Case reports are presented to illustrate replantation or transplantation of teeth. Possible donor teeth are those with the proper amount of viable periodontal ligament, single-rooted teeth, third molars, and malpositioned or impacted teeth. The transplantation procedure involves extraction of the donor tooth, measurement of the root form and amount of periodontal ligament, preservation of donor tooth, preparation of recipient socket, positioning of donor tooth, suturing, and temporary splinting.

Adolescent↗

PubMed1996

Protocol for treating the avulsed tooth.

Avulsion of a tooth requires decisive action by the dental practitioner. Replantation of the tooth at the earliest possible time, along with the avoidance of further periodontal damage, is paramount to achieving a successful result. The accident site, time the tooth is out of the socket, storage media and endodontic protocol influence the prognosis. Appropriate endodontic management and tooth restoration will ensure long-term success.

Clinical Protocols↗