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Results for “ANTISEPSIS AND ANTISEPTICS”

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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1990

Contamination of blood cultures during venepuncture: fact or myth?

Contamination of blood cultures is believed to occur mainly during the venepuncture procedure. Consequently, meticulous preparation of the venepuncture site is widely recommended. To determine whether the contamination rate is indeed affected by the quality of the antiseptic procedure at the venepuncture site, 181 paired cultures were collected from 176 patients during a 6-month period after either strict antiseptic cleansing of skin with alcohol followed by povidone-iodine, or after brief disinfection with alcohol alone. The contamination rate was not influenced by the antiseptic procedure, and corresponded to the accepted percentage reported in most other studies. Eight false positive cultures (4.4%) were obtained after strict antisepsis of the skin and 6 (3.3%) after short simple cleansing with alcohol (P = 0.39). Our results suggest that contamination of blood cultures may not be related to the venepuncture procedure--regardless of the antiseptic technique used--but may be due to later stages of laboratory handling and processing of the specimens. Review of the literature has provided further indirect evidence to support this conclusion.

Antisepsis↗
PubMed2003

Comparison of 5% povidone-iodine solution against 1% povidone-iodine solution in preoperative cataract surgery antisepsis: a prospective randomised double blind study.

BACKGROUND/AIM: Povidone-iodine (PI, Betadine) is routinely used as a preoperative topical antiseptic in cataract surgery as it has been shown to reduce the incidence of postoperative endophthalmitis. However, the concentration used clinically is variable. In vitro studies have shown that PI is paradoxically more effective at lower concentration. This study was undertaken to determine if this effect was reproducible in vivo. METHODS: A prospective randomised double blind study was carried out in the ophthalmic theatre in a district general hospital. 105 patients attending for routine cataract surgery were randomly allocated to have their conjunctival fornices irrigated preoperatively with either PI 1% (group A) or PI 5% (group B). Conjunctival swabs were taken, in identical fashion, both before and 1 minute after irrigation. The number and species of bacterial colonies cultured from each swab was counted. The difference in the median number of bacterial colonies from pre-irrigation to post-irrigation cultures was then compared between the groups. RESULTS: Bacterial cultures were gained from 100 patients (33 male, 67 female, mean age 74 years, range 30-95 years). Group B (5% PI) showed a decrease in median colony forming units (CFU) pre-irrigation from 100 to 40 CFU post-irrigation (a drop of 60%). This was greater than in group A (1% PI) where the reduction was 120 CFU pre-irrigation to 100 CFU post-irrigation (a drop of 16.7%) (Mann-Whitney test, p<0.05). At higher initial bacterial loads (CFU pre-irrigation >1000), the difference in median between the two groups became larger as the number of pre-irrigation bacteria increased. In group B pre-irrigation CFU reduced from 3340 to 110 post-irrigation (a drop of 96.7%) compared with group A: 5000 CFU pre-irrigation to 3000 post-irrigation (a drop of 40%) (Mann-Whitney test, p=0.0014). CONCLUSION: Despite in vitro evidence of higher bactericidal efficacy of PI at more dilute concentrations, 5% PI is more effective than 1% PI in decreasing the human conjunctival bacterial flora in vivo, particularly in the presence of heavier initial bacterial load.

Adult↗
PubMed1995

[Local antisepsis in infected total hip endoprosthesis].

Between 1991 and 1993, 34 infected total hip prostheses were treated with the topical antiseptic hexamethylenbiguanide (Lavasept) in addition to thorough débridement of infected and necrotic tissue and systemic antibiotic administration. In 4 cases (group 1) a contaminated hematoma was treated within the first 3 weeks after joint replacement. Soft tissue revision without removal of the prosthesis was performed in 6 cases (group 2). In 18 cases (group 3) a one-stage exchange of the infected prosthesis was done. In 6 cases (group 4), local and general conditions were so poor that the prosthesis was removed without replacement. The success rate was 100% in group 1, 20% in group 2, and 77% in group 3. In group 4, 1 patient died of respiratory problems 12 days after surgery while in 2 patients the infection healed uneventfully and in 1 patient healing was achieved after a second revision. An 81-year-old patient in poor general condition had an impressive improvement of his severe infection, although very minor drainage continued. Hexamethylenbiguanide has proven to be a useful supplement to thorough surgical revision. However, longer follow-up data are required.

Adult↗
PubMed1998

[Results of a National survey on antibiotic prophylaxis and antisepsis in cataract surgery].

PURPOSE: We present the results of a national survey carried out in 1997 among French ophthalmologists on prophylactic antibiotic and antiseptic therapy in cataract surgery. METHOD: Among the 6050 questionnaires sent by post, 1082 answers recorded between January and February 1997. RESULTS: The results give precise details on French surgeons attitude as regards prophylactic antibiotics for: topical, subconjunctival, intra-ocular and systemic administration. CONCLUSION: This kind of study is frequent in English-speaking countries and is useful to help our profession to formulate important current questions and to collect answers.

Administration, Topical↗
PubMed2002

Clinical study on the antiseptic effect of povidone-iodine solution for the surgical field of digestive tract operations.

Our previous study showed 10% povidone-iodine solution (Isodine) to be safe and effective for skin antisepsis in healthy young adults. The present study was carried out in 45 adult and old-age patients undergoing surgery (average age 62 years). 10% povidone-iodine solution was effective for skin antisepsis; however, after completion of the intra-abdominal procedures, contaminations were found due to the type II and IV operations with unprotected incision sites and wound walls. Diabetes was found to be one of the most important factors in surgical site infection. In conclusion, the antiseptic efficacy immediately after application of 10% povidone-iodine solution was evidenced in surgical patients with class II wounds. The solution was also effective for the prevention of postoperative skin wound infection.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

[Umbilical colonization in normal newborns. A comparative study of 4 methods for umbilical antisepsis].

We report the results of a prospective study in which the effectiveness of 70% alcohol (A), mercurochrome (M), a solution of alcohol and mercurochrome (AM) and 1% chlorhexidine (C) as umbilical antiseptics was tested on 311 normal newborn infants. Similar results were obtained by using A, M, or AM; however, when C was used umbilical colonization was significantly reduced as compared to when the other three antiseptic agents were used. The umbilical cords that had been scrubbed with A, M or AM were detached by the 8th day after birth, whereas those treated with C took 14 days to fall off. The use of chlorhexidine resulted in a marked increase in pure cultures positive for Gram negative bacteria (Proteus spp. and Pseudomonas spp.) which was not the case with the other three antiseptics tested.

Anti-Infective Agents, Local↗