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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1986

The Lincoff temporary balloon buckle.

The Lincoff temporary balloon buckle is an equally effective alternative to more conventional techniques in the management of selected retinal detachments. We used this technique in the management of 45 selected primary retinal detachments operated on since Nov. 22, 1980. Initial complete retinal flattening was achieved in 42 eyes (93%). Two of the three eyes that initially did not show complete flattening ultimately went on to do well without further surgery. Redetachment occurred in three of the five aphakic eyes (60%) and in four of the 36 phakic eyes (11%). None of the retinas in the four eyes with intraocular lenses redetached. Conventional scleral buckling techniques were used in the one case of initial failure and in the seven cases of redetachment for a final success rate of 98% after an average follow-up of 13 months.

Adult↗
PubMed1986

The effects of extended-wear hydrophilic contact lenses on the human corneal epithelium.

We used wide-field color specular microscopy of the human corneal surface to study the morphologic changes that occur under extended-wear contact lenses. There was a shift in the frequency distribution of surface cells by size to larger cells, suggesting a prolonged residence time on the ocular surface. Other abnormalities included retained desiccated mucin, coarse mucus plaques, and palisading of cells.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Neodymium-YAG laser therapy to the anterior hyaloid in aphakic malignant (ciliovitreal block) glaucoma.

In three aphakic eyes and two eyes with intraocular lens implants (five patients, four women and one man, ranging in age from 65 to 76 years) persistent shallow or flat anterior chamber was observed despite multiple patent laser or surgical iridectomies. In each case direct application of the neodymium-YAG laser (3 to 11 mJ) to the anterior hyaloid face resulted in immediate deepening of the anterior chamber. This deepening was sustained in four of the cases. These results confirm previous observations suggesting that the anterior hyaloid can be the locus of abnormality in aphakic malignant (ciliovitreal block) glaucoma. Neodymium-YAG "hyaloidotomy" may be better than penetrating surgery in such cases.

Aged↗
PubMed1984

Ocular blood flow in phakic and aphakic monkey eyes.

Alterations in regional ocular blood flow produced by topical epinephrine were studied in phakic and aphakic eyes of Macaca arctoides using the radioactive microsphere technique. Three isotopes were used to make sequential blood flow measurements just prior to topical epinephrine administration, 1 hr later and 3 hr later. Significant reductions of flow were found in the iris, ciliary body, and optic nerve head of both phakic and aphakic groups. Choroidal and posterior optic nerve flow decreased significantly in aphakic eyes only. Decreases in flow were flow decreased significantly in aphakic eyes only. Decreases in flow were maximal at 3 hr. Significant changes in retinal flow were not detected. The implications of these findings regarding epinephrine-induced aphakic cystoid macular edema and the suitability of epinephrine or its derivatives in the treatment of glaucoma are discussed.

Animals↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Prophylactic therapy of retinal breaks.

Prophylaxis of selected retinal breaks is effective in preventing detachment. Most retinal breaks, however, will not cause detachment and can be safely followed without treatment. This paper reviews the evidence for and against prophylactic treatment of commonly encountered retinal breaks in an effort to arrive at typological guidelines for treatment. Education of patients with high risk of detachment is probably of equal value to cryotherapy or photocoagulation in preserving visual acuity.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Elimination of aniseikonia in monocular aphakia with a contact lens-spectacle combination.

Correction of monocular aphakia with contact lenses generally results in aniseikonia in the range of 7--9%; with correction by intraocular lenses, aniseikonia is approximately 2%. We present a new method of correcting aniseikonia in monocular aphakics using a contact lens-spectacle combination. A formula is derived wherein the contact lens is deliberately overcorrected; this overcorrection is then neutralized by the appropriate spectacle lens, to be worn over the contact lens. Calculated results with this system over a wide range of possible situations consistently results in an aniseikonia of 0.1%.

Aniseikonia↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Spectacle correction for aphakia. The prismatic effect.

Because spectacle lenses are fixed in position relative to the eyes, the visual axes during convergence pass nasal to the optical centers, and create a prismatic effect. The eye rotates less than 25 degrees before the head is turned; therefore for central vision, only an area of the lens about 13 mm wide is used. A reading addition of +6.00 D is probably the maximal power bifocal addition that can be prescribed for comfortable binocular vision in a high plus correction. The distance correction produces a base-out effect of at least 4 delta for each eye at the reading distance, even though the bifocal segments are adequately decentered.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Kinetic visual disturbances with contact lenses.

Kinetic (variable) visual disturbances in contact lens wearers may be generated optically or mechanically. These disturbances are categorized in two groups: 1) those affecting both phakic and aphakic contact lens wearers; and 2) those peculiar to aphakic patients. Within each category disturbances vary with the types of lens used. In this review, the optical and mechanical bases for the various problems are discussed, as are possible solutions. It is emphasized that the ophthalmologist prescribing contact lenses should be aware of the patient's work hazards and requirements, and weigh the advantages and disadvantages of contact lenses. For example, is the patient exposed to high temperatures, heavy or fast-moving equipment, altered barometric conditions, etc.? Is physical exertion required? Employers and fellow workers should be aware of the contact lens wearers in their work force.

Aphakia, Postcataract↗
PubMed1984

Aphakic cystoid macular edema. Longterm clinical observations.

The incidence of clinically significant cystoid macular edema (CME) following cataract surgery has risen sharply with the widespread utilization of intraocular lenses. To evaluate the factors contributing to the incidence of CME, the senior author has divided 1808 of his own cataract cases into three groups according to procedures used: 1) intracapsular cataract extraction (ICCE) with no lens implantation; 2) ICCE with implantation of an iris-supported lens; and 3) extracapsular cataract extraction (ECCE) with implantation of a posterior chamber lens. The incidence of CME in these three groups was 2%, 9.9%, and 1.2%, respectively. Contributing factors and visual outcome in all three groups are reviewed. It is concluded that many of the problems associated with ICCE and iris-supported lens implantation seem to be eliminated with the ECCE-posterior chamber IOL procedure. However, it is emphasized that careful longterm follow-up is required to determine safety.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

Breakdown of the blood-retinal barriers and cystoid macular edema.

After reviewing the definition, incidence and main etiologic factors of cystoid macular edema (CME) the authors analyze the structural and physiologic characteristics of the macular area, including the blood-retinal barriers, and the basic concepts of retinal edema. Personal observations on three different groups of diseases associated with CME, retinitis pigmentosa, pars planitis and aphakia, are presented. CME evaluation was made by slit-lamp microscopy, fluorescein angiography and vitreous fluorophotometry. In the situations examined, the main factors involved in CME formation appear to be a marked increase in blood-retinal-barrier barrier permeability and alterations in retinal tissue compliance.

Adolescent↗
PubMed1984

Role of the vitreous in cystoid macular edema.

Eyes suffering from various conditions, such as aphakia, diabetic retinopathy, peripheral uveitis, branch vein occlusion, or retinitis pigmentosa, are predisposed to vitreous detachment. When vitreous detachment occurs, the vitreous can remain attached to the macula due to a firm vitreomacular adhesion. This partial posterior vitreous detachment associated with continuous vitreous traction to the macular area can lead to the development of cystoid macular edema. Two types of vitreous traction have been observed: traction with narrow vitreous strand and traction with broad vitreoretinal adhesion. It has been postulated that the posterior vitreous can cause cystoid macular edema by vitreous contraction without vitreous detachment, producing tractional forces at sites of firm vitreoretinal adhesions that are located at the optic disc and macula. Cystoid macular edema is often accompanied by leakage from dilated retinal capillaries at the optic disc.

Adult↗
PubMed1984

The national, prospective, randomized vitrectomy study for chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema. Progress report and comparison between the control and nonrandomized groups.

Three years ago, a prospective, randomized, collaborative study investigating the effectiveness of vitrectomy for chronic aphakic cystoid macular edema in eyes with vitreous adherent to the cataract wound but without an intraocular lens was started. To date, the study consists of 130 eyes which have been assigned to three different groups. Without disturbing the data related to the question of the effectiveness of surgery, an analysis of patient histories and eye findings reveal interesting facts. The time between cataract surgery and onset of visual decrease was three months. Most of the eyes have a detached posterior vitreous face, and only 4% had evidence of vitreous traction on the macula. All eyes demonstrated some degree of flare and cells in the aqueous or vitreous, and the presence of systemic vascular disease in the patient does not seem to determine the eye's long term visual performance.

Aged↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors in ophthalmology.

Cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors, which are formulated as ophthalmic eyedrop preparations, have recently become commercially available for use by ophthalmologists in the United States to inhibit intraoperative miosis during cataract surgery and to prevent postoperative inflammation. In addition, they are available worldwide as ocular antiinflammatory drugs and are used in the prevention and treatment of pseudophakic and aphakic cystoid macular edema. Understanding the rationale behind the use of these agents requires an understanding of the pathophysiology of the cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors. In this review recent advances in laboratory and clinical science are emphasized. The role of COIs during and following surgery is examined.

Animals↗