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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed2002

Radiosurgery for residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenoma.

OBJECT: Nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas comprise approximately 30% of all pituitary tumors. The purpose of this retrospective study is to evaluate the efficacy and role of gamma knife radiosurgery (GKS) in the management of residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. METHODS: A review was conducted of the data obtained in 42 patients who underwent adjuvant GKS at the University of Pittsburgh between 1987 and 2001. Prior treatments included transsphenoidal resection, craniotomy and resection, or conventional radiotherapy. Endocrinological, ophthalmological, and radiological responses were evaluated. The duration of follow-up review varied from 6 to 102 months (mean 31.2 months). Fifteen patients were observed for more than 40 months. The mean radiation dose to the tumor margin was 16 Gy. Conformal radiosurgery planning was used to restrict the dose to the optic nerve and chiasm. Tumor control after GKS was achieved in 100% of patients with microadenomas and 97% of patients with macroadenomas. Gamma knife radiosurgery was equally effective in controlling adenomas with cavernous sinus invasion and suprasellar extension. No patient developed a new endocrinological deficiency following GKS. One patient's tumor enlarged with an associated decline in visual function. Another patient experienced a deterioration of visual fields despite a decrease in tumor size. CONCLUSIONS: Gamma knife radiosurgery can achieve tumor control in virtually all residual or recurrent nonfunctioning pituitary adenomas. Dose sparing facilitates tumor management even when the adenoma is close to the optic apparatus or invades the cavernous sinus.

Adenoma↗
PubMed1977

[Experimental studies on clinical application of 13N-ammonia; clinical application of the functional image].

1) Clinical application: Dynamic scintigraphy of liver and heart of a patient having liver cirrhosis after intrasigmoidal administration of 13N-ammonia (pH 8.1) were performed. Simultaneously, continuous measurments of radioactivity at the left side abdomen and the left temporal region were done by using a scintillation detector for renography. Successive measurement of radioactivity of blood was also carried out. 2) Comstruction of functional images of liver and heart: By using digital radioisotope image of liver and heart of the patient after intrasigmoidal administration of 13N-ammonia, the maps with respect to parameters described in the pervious paper were constructed.

Ammonia↗
PubMed1998

Office of the Secretary Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation notice inviting applications for new award for fiscal year 1998--HHS. Announcement of the availability of funds and request for applications from states to determine the status of Temporary Assistance to Needy Families (TANF) recipients after they leave the TANF caseload, eligible families who are diverted before being enrolled, or eligible families who fail to enroll.

The Office of the Assistant Secretary for Planning and Evaluation (ASPE), with support from the U.S. Department of Labor and the Economic Research Service of the U.S. Department of Agriculture, announces the availability of funds and invites applications for research into the status of individuals and families who leave the TANF program, who apply for cash welfare but are never enrolled because of non-financial eligibility requirements or diversion programs, and/or who appear to be eligible but are not enrolled (hereafter jointly referred to as welfare leavers). Approximately eight to ten States or counties will receive funding that will enable them to track and monitor how individuals and their families do in the first year after they leave welfare and provide a foundation for longer follow-up. States may choose any method for such tracking, including the linking of administrative data, surveys or other methods as appropriate. We are particularly interested in learning about individuals' ability to obtain employment and the support provided by their earnings, public programs besides TANF, and other sources. The funds could support a newly designed project or could be used to add new data sources and analyses to an existing project. In addition, ASPE announces the availability of supplementary funding from the Office of Policy Development and Research (PD&R) of the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) to track the consequences of welfare reform for low-income families with children who receive housing assistance. These funds will only be available to ASPE Grantees.

Family↗
PubMed1998

[Lecture of principles and applications of capillary electrophoresis (VI) Applications of CE in DNA analysis, carbohydrate analysis and capillary ion analysis].

A review with 87 references on the application and new development of CE in DNA analysis, carbohydrate analysis and capillary ion analysis is presented. The DNA analysis included determinations of nucleotide, nucleoside and bases by CZE and MECC. It also includes dsDNA, PCR products analysis, purity control of oligonucleotide and DNA sequencing by CGE. Sometimes LIF detector needs to be introduced into DNA analysis. The carbohydrate analysis includes the methods for chemical derivatization and direct determination of carbohydrates by different CE modes. The capillary ion analysis includes the principle and determination of anions and cations.

Animals↗
PubMed1993

[An application of a study of medical history to clinical medicine - for better understanding of medical history and its application to clinical medicine].

A study of medical history aims to correctly understand the progress in basic and clinical medical science and to effectively offer better medical service to our patients. The study of medical history has several important advantages, such as; 1) to understand the present medical science in depth and to shorten the duration of time needed to understand the present medicine, 2) to understand the disadvantages of the present medical sciences realizing that they are not perfect, 3) to correctly understand literature and historical documents on medical science, 4) to make and maintain accurate medical records and documents, 5) to create new concepts and 6) to prevent us from developing a rigid way of thinking. Two cases of the application of medical history to clinical medicine are shown. The first is in regard to perioperative blood transfusion. As it was suggested to me by a report that preoperative blood transfusion caused suppression of immune response in kidney transplantation, I thought a routine use of blood transfusion for surgical patients with malignant tumors would lead to a high postoperative recurrence rate of malignancy. Therefore, such a routine use of blood has been avoided inn our institution for these twenty years. The second case is in regard to excitement during the induction of inhaled anesthetics. At present the excitement is considered to be caused by inhibition of the cerebral cortical function. However, our recent clinical study based on Dr. Maeda's report published in 1935 has revealed that the excitement observed during the induction of inhaled anesthesia is caused mainly by stimulation of the trigeminal nerves. The importance of medical history should be much more stressed for medical training of students and residents as well as physicians. It should be widely and deeply applied to the clinical practice of medicine, though it is not so easy to do this. Otherwise, the study of medical history may be considered as only a hobby for retired physicians.

Clinical Medicine↗
PubMed2002

[Application of AOTF in spectral analysis. 3. Application of AOTF in atomic emission spectral analysis].

An atomic emission spectrometer based on acousto-optic tunable filter (AOTF) was self-constructed and was used to evaluate its practical use in atomic emission analysis. The AOTF used was of model TEAF5-0.36-0.52-S (Brimrose, USA) and the frequency of the direct digital RF synthesizer ranges from 100 MHz to 200 MHz. ICP and PMT were used as light source and detector respectively. The software, written in Visual C++ and running on the Windows 98 platform, is of an utility program system having two data banks and multiwindows. The wavelength calibration was performed with 14 emission lines of Ca, Y, Li, Eu, Sr and Ba using a tenth-order polynomial for line fitting method. The absolute error of the peak position was less than 0.1 nm, and the peak deviation was only 0.04 nm as the PMT varied from 337.5 V to 412.5 V. The scanning emission spectra and the calibration curves of Ba, Y, Eu, Sc and Sr are presented. Their average correlation coefficient was 0.9991 and their detection limits were in the range of 0.051 to 0.97 micrograms.mL-1 respectively. The detection limit can be improved under optimized operating conditions. However, the spectral resolution is only 2.1 nm at the wavelength of 488 nm. Evidently, this poor spectral resolution would restrict the application of AOTF in atomic emission spectral analysis, unless an enhancing techniques is integrated in it.

Acoustics↗
PubMed2004

[Application of metal ions and their complexes in medicine II. Application of platina complexes in the treatment of tumor].

The rapid development of inorganic medical chemistry opens enormous potential for various applications of a range of inorganic substances in the medicine. Thus inorganic chemistry offers real possibilities to pharmaceutical industries, which used to be dominated by organic chemistry alone. The field has particularly been stimulated by the success-story of cisplatin, which is the World's best selling anticancer drug. Nowadays orally administered Pt(IV) complexes with reduced toxicity, and activity against resistant tumors are on various phases of clinical trial.

Administration, Oral↗
PubMed1991

The formation and application of an overseas mental health crisis intervention team, Part II: Application.

In the preceding article, the authors described the formation of an overseas mental health crisis intervention team. In this paper, the application of the United States Southern Command Crisis Intervention Team in the aftermath of a recent tragedy in Panama is described. A chronology of the disaster, involving two helicopter crashes which left 11 dead, is presented. The intervention that followed is described in detail. The emphasis is on four main areas: education, identification, process, and follow-up. The authors present their experience in an effort to provide an intervention strategy for other isolated mental health providers.

Crisis Intervention↗
PubMed1989

[Clinical application of T-scan System. 1. Sensitivity and reproducibility and its application].

Analyzing occlusal contacts is significant for establishing the occlusal scheme as well as for the diagnosis on dysfunction of stomatognathic system. We tested a new occlusal contact analyzing device (T-Scan: Tekscan Inc. Boston, U.S.A.) for its sensitivity and reproducibility in relation to its clinical application. Following results were obtained. 1) As the modeling of dental arch of this system was not always correct, much care should be needed for identifying the contact location. 2) The minimum amount of load needed for displaying each five step occlusal force increased linear fashion (step 1: 250 g and step 5: 1750 g) when the sensor was vertically pressed on the intersection of force sensitive line. The minimum amount of force changed with the loading condition such as area and direction. Distortion of the sensor could lead the measurement error. 3) Since the time measurement data by this system were shorter than actual length of time and were measured over about 250 g load, light and early occlusal contacts could not be detected.

Dental Arch↗
PubMed1989

[Surgical application of low-power laser: experimental study, development of equipments and clinical application].

We carried out experimental and clinical studies with low-power laser to perform the surgical application. The developed device for microvascular anastomosis with semiconductor laser diode made of In-Ga-As-P was used to perform 15 end-to-end laser assisted microvascular anastomoses of carotid arteries in rabbits. In four of 7 cases which were irradiated with power output 50mW showed patency immediately after surgery with no wound disruption. A new medical device with Ga-A1-As semiconductor laser diode was developed for pain relief. A double-blind evaluation of the test was initiated in 124 patients suffering from chronic inflammatory pain. Result is that of 63 patients irradiated laser, 45(71%) were effective and of 61 cases not irradiated laser, 8(13%) were relieved pain. The data were analyzed statistically by chi square, and criterion for statistical significance was the 0.01 level. The spectral properties of laser-excited fluorescence of three photosensitizers, namely tetracycline, hematoporphyrin free base and chlorin e6Na, taken up in human arterial intima were detected. Photosensitizers were administrated to resected human arteries for 2 hours in vitro. The main results are following: 1) Photosensitizers are confirmed to be taken up in arterial intima and the fluorescence intensity decreases as the time goes on. 2) The fluorescence intensity from atheromatous plaque is usually stronger than that from normal region.

Anastomosis, Surgical↗
PubMed1989

[Application of information technology in orthodontics. 2. Application of a proportional databank system for the realization of a computer assisted patient record system].

The presently existing microcomputer technology makes the realization of a computer assisted patient record system possible in the practice of orthodontics. Advantages and disadvantages of the application of the software used were examined and statements concerning practical pertinence were formulated.

Computer Systems↗
PubMed1986

Action of the bacterial neutral protease, dispase, on cultured cells and its application to fluid suspension culture with a review on biomedical application of this protease.

The bacterial neutral protease from Bacillus polymyxa, dispase, has been characterized using 21 mammalian cell lines in its cell-dispersing capability, cytotoxicity, and effects on cell growth. The previous observation that fibroblast-like cells are detached by this protease from culture substrate, as well as dissociated into a monodisperse cell suspension, while that epithelial-like cells are detached but not completely dissociated, was generally confirmed, although exceptions to these general rules were noted. Efforts were made here by the use of dispase to develop techniques for suspension culture and single cell plating: Successful conditions of suspension culture for 6 lines, and single cell plating for 3 lines were respectively described. Key factors in these techniques were choice of a low concentration of dispase in growth media to avoid its cytotoxic effect, and choice of appropriate serum concentration in the medium to allow this protease to remain active. Recent literatures on the application of dispase in biomedical science were reviewed.

Animals↗
PubMed1978

Biological properties and clinical application of propolis. XI. Histophathological analysis after intravenous application of ethanol extract of poprolis (EEP).

Mice were given i.v. injections of water solutions of ethanol extract of propolis (EEP) over a varying period of time. Some of the animals were sacrificed immediately following the last injection and some within 2--4 weeks after the last injections. Internal organ samples were taken and underwent a microscopic examination. Insignificant pathological changes in the liver were observed. These changes were transient and regressed within 2--4 weeks after the application of EEP.

Animals↗
PubMed1981

Pharmacokinetic concepts and applications affecting the clinical laboratory: II. Applications for antibiotic and anticoagulant drugs.

This article reviews pharmacokinetic principles used in conjunction with laboratory data to optimize dosage regimens of two classes of particular interest to the clinical laboratory: antibiotic and anticoagulant agents. For antibiotics, information is presented on the growing application of pharmacokinetic concepts and laboratory participation in relating plasma drug level assays, tests of the minimum inhibitory concentration, and standardization of sensitivity tests to the design of improved dosage regimens. For anticoagulants, emphasis is placed on relating patient variability in pharmacokinetic properties to increasing laboratory involvement in monitoring therapeutic response.

Anti-Bacterial Agents↗
PubMed1995

Thermoluminescence dosimetry and its applications in medicine--Part 2: History and applications.

Thermoluminescence dosimetry (TLD) has been available for dosimetry of ionising radiation for nearly 100 years. The variety of materials and their different physical forms allow the determination of different radiation qualities over a wide range of absorbed dose. This makes TL dosimeters useful in radiation protection where dose levels of microGy are monitored as well as in radiotherapy where doses up to several Gray are to be measured. The major advantages of TL detectors are their small physical size and that no cables or auxiliary equipment is required during the dose assessment. Therefore TLD is a good method for point dose measurements in phantoms as well as for in vivo dosimetry on patients during radiotherapy treatment. As an integrative dosimetric technique, it can be applied to personal dosimetry and it lends itself to the determination of dose distributions due to multiple or moving radiation sources (e.g. conformal and dynamic radiotherapy, computed tomography). In addition, TL dosimeters are easy to transport, and they can be mailed. This makes them well suited for intercomparison of doses delivered in different institutions. The present article aims at describing the various applications TLD has found in medicine by taking into consideration the physics and practice of TLD measurements which have been discussed in the first part of this review (Australas. Phys. Eng. Sci. Med. 17: 175-199, 1994).

Equipment Design↗
PubMed1997

[Spreadsheets of a conventional application software for calculation of plausibility of paternity: application to parentage testing with highly polymorphic markers in deceased party].

We designed a spreadsheet package for the computation of plausibility of paternity, that can cope with highly polymorphic genetic markers and cases of deceased parties. The application program is Microsoft EXCEL, which is one of the best-selling spreadsheet software running on both Microsoft Windows and Macintosh OS. Komatsu's formula for paternity testing was mainly employed in the spreadsheet package. Probability of the mother-child-alleged father combination was calculated using "IF" function to compare the members' genotypes, whereas "VLOOKUP (or HLOOKUP)" function was employed to refer to a list of genes and their frequencies. In case of a phenotype consisting of several genotypes, the list of phenotypes versus genotypes was also given, to which the function referred. To extend these spreadsheets available for the test of deceased party, additional sheets were also created to estimate frequencies of alleged father's possible genotypes. These probabilities were calculated on the basis of types of his parents and siblings, those of his wife and their biological children, and those of both. This package would be cut out to compute the probability of paternity with extremely polymorphic loci with gentle user interface. Calculation time is satisfactorily short, although it requires considerably large disk space in some extremely complicated cases. Japanese version of this package is freely available at anonymous FTP site of the Department of Forensic Medicine, Tohoku University School of Medicine.

Female↗