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At least 145 records · Page 8Linked to original sources
PubMed1989

Histopathology of bone marrow reconstitution after allogeneic bone marrow transplantation.

In order to study haematopoietic reconstitution in allogeneic bone marrow transplantation we investigated bone marrow histology in 61 biopsies of 37 patients, treated with HLA-compatible bone marrow grafts for leukaemia or severe aplastic anaemia. The biopsies were taken from the day of transplantation until 100 d after transplantation. Stromal changes, in particular oedema, fibrosis and granulomas, were found during the whole period of observation. These changes were more prominent in biopsies from leukaemia patients than from patients with aplastic anaemia. The cellularity in the biopsies increased until 28 d after bone marrow transplantation and was stable thereafter. Initially, only clusters of cells belonging to a single cell lineage were seen, suggesting that the first outgrowth of haematopoietic cells is by proliferation of committed precursor cells. Long-lasting abnormalities in localization of haematopoietic cells in the bone marrow space and of the myeloid: erythroid ratio were seen; dyserythropoiesis was common.

Adolescent↗
PubMed2005

Calcium phosphate scaffold and bone marrow for bone reconstruction in irradiated area: a dog study.

Squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) of the upper aero-digestive tract are characterized by a high incidence of bone invasion; their treatment often requires large and damaging surgical resections and radiotherapy. Surgical and radiotherapeutic procedures generate irreversible effects on normal tissues, involving injuries on their reparation properties, especially on bone. The quality of life of patients undergoing major surgery and radiotherapy in maxillary and mandible areas is often reduced but could be improved by bone reconstructions. Bone reconstructions are rarely performed because surgery is complex and unsafe in irradiated bone. The aim of the study was to evaluate the bone reconstruction possibilities of macroporous biphasic calcium phosphate (MBCP) associated to autologous bone marrow (BM) graft injected after irradiation. MBCP hollowed blocks were specially designed and implanted in tibia and femur bone before irradiation in a dog model. Implants were removed after 18 weeks. This is the first report of experiments performed after radiation delivery using high fractionated doses approximating usual treatment of SCC in human. The quality of the bone adjacent to implanted MBCP and the bone ingrowth's rates were evaluated. The qualitative and quantitative role of BM grafts associated with the MBCP implants was determined, using scanning electron microscopy linked to quantitative image analysis. A direct contact between newly formed bone and MBCP implants associated to BM graft was observed, without fibrous interposition. The new-bone formation was statistically increased inside the MBCP (P=0.0126) by BM grafts. This study demonstrates that BM graft added to MBCP constitute an appropriate material to be considered in case of bone defect occurring in irradiated tissue, and could be foreseen for use after bone removal for oncologic obligations.

Animals↗
PubMed1992

Bone marrow extension and pelvic bone marrow activity in alcoholic liver disease. A RES scintigraphic investigation.

Red bone marrow extension and increased central bone marrow activity were found in 21 patients with alcoholic liver disease investigated with scintigraphy of the reticuloendothelial system. The patients had no concurrent disease known to alter red bone marrow distribution. The bone marrow extension and the increased pelvic bone marrow activity may be explained as being secondary to a decreased radiocolloid uptake in the liver and could thus be a sign of decreased reticuloendothelial capacity.

Adult↗
PubMed1993

Long-term bone marrow cultures established from bone marrow transplant recipients.

Following bone marrow transplantation (BMT), the stroma remains host-derived, and has therefore been exposed to the high doses of chemoradiotherapy used in BMT conditioning. We have used long term bone marrow culture (LTBMC) to study the effect of this conditioning therapy on the stroma. Twenty-five BMT recipients were studied, comprising 13 allografts and 12 autografts. Marrow was aspirated prior to transplant (6 cases) and at 3, 6 or 12 months post-BMT. Fifteen haematologically normal subjects were studied in parallel. The stromal layer of LTBMC was visually assessed at weekly intervals and supernatant cells counted and assayed for colony forming unit-granulocyte/macrophage (CFU-GM). Five of the six cases studied both before and after BMT formed less confluent stroma following the procedure. A successive improvement in the proportion of patients forming good stroma was observed with increasing time from BMT. Supernatant cell and CFU-GM counts were not significantly different from normal following BMT. No clear relationship was observed between stromal confluence and any of the following: supernatant cell and CFU-GM counts, transplant type, underlying disease, conditioning regime or time to engraftment. These data support the view that BMT conditioning regimes cause stromal damage, and that this damage gradually improves with time.

Adult↗
PubMedDate not supplied

Microchimerism in female bone marrow and bone decades after fetal mesenchymal stem-cell trafficking in pregnancy.

Fetal cells enter maternal blood during pregnancy and persist in women with autoimmune disease. The frequency of subsequent fetomaternal microchimerism in healthy women and its cell type is unknown. To test the hypothesis that fetal mesenchymal stem cells persist in maternal organs, we studied female bone marrow and ribs. Male cells were identified by XY fluorescence in-situ hybridisation in marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells and in rib sections from all women with male pregnancies, but not in controls (9/9 vs 0/5, p=0.0005). We conclude that fetal stem cells transferred into maternal blood engraft in marrow, where they remain throughout life. This finding has implications for normal pregnancy, for obstetric complications that increase fetomaternal trafficking, and for graft survival after transplantation.

Aged↗
PubMed1994

Overview of the role of hematopoietic growth factors in bone marrow transplant recovery and bone marrow transplant failure.

Morbidity of bone marrow transplantation has been reduced by the prophylactic use of myeloid stimulating growth factors. Trials are current exploring the usage of hematopoietic growth factors in a variety of other potential clinical applications in bone marrow transplantations. These include stimulation of multipotent progenitor cells, enhancement of monocyte macrophage function, enhancement of lymphocyte function, and alteration of inflammatory mediators which are causal of nonhematologic toxicities of bone marrow transplantation. Hematopoietic growth factors, factors which induce production of stimulatory cytokines and/or factors which alter inflammatory pathways, may be effective in improving the tolerability of patients undergoing bone marrow transplant.

Animals↗
PubMed2003

Successful allogeneic leg transplantation in rats in conjunction with intra-bone marrow injection of donor bone marrow cells.

BACKGROUND: We have recently established a new method for bone marrow transplantation (BMT) in mice: bone marrow cells are directly injected into the intra-bone marrow (IBM) cavity. IBM-BMT induces persistent donor-specific tolerance and enhances the rapid recovery or reconstitution of the hematolymphoid system of donor origin without any signs of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) or graft failure. Furthermore, the prior injection of fludarabine can reduce the irradiation dose to the sublethal level (4.5 Gy x 2). Therefore, we hypothesize that IBM-BMT plus fludarabine is applicable to allogeneic leg transplantation in rats. METHODS: Brown Norway (BN; RT1An) rats were injected intravenously with 50 mg/kg of fludarabine phosphate, followed by sublethal fractionated irradiation (4.5 Gy x 2) 1 day before IBM-BMT. The hind limbs from Fischer 344 (F344; RT1Al) rats were transplanted on day 0, and bone marrow cells (3 x 10(7) cells/50 microL) obtained from the donor F344 rats were injected into the bone marrow cavity of the left tibias of the recipient BN rats. RESULTS: The hematolymphoid cells in the recipient BN rats were completely reconstituted by the cells of the donor F344 rats. The limbs transplanted from the donor F344 rats were accepted for >1 year without any clinical signs of rejection (10 of 10). The lymphocytes of the BN rats showed tolerance to both donor-type and recipient-type major histocompatibility complex determinants in mixed lymphocyte reaction, but showed a significant response to the third-party major histocompatibility complex determinants. CONCLUSIONS: Using a combination of the injection of fludarabine, low-dose irradiation, and IBM-BMT, we have succeeded in allogeneic limb transplantation without using any immunosuppressants after the operation. This strategy would be applicable to the transplantation of other vascularized organs in humans.

Animals↗
PubMed1996

In vivo purging of bone marrow in children with poor-risk neuroblastoma for marrow collection and autologous bone marrow transplantation.

PURPOSE: To evaluate the following prospectively in poor-risk neuroblastoma (NBL) patients: (1) the feasibility and efficacy of in vivo purging of bone marrow; and (2) the outcome after autologous bone marrow transplantation (ABMT) when immunologically tumor-free, unpurged autografts were used. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Twenty-three children with poor-risk NBL were evaluated during induction chemotherapy by repeat bone marrow examinations, including aspirate, biopsy, and an immunofluorescence method using the anti-GD2 monoclonal antibody 3A7. Nineteen patients completed the program with surgery with or without local irradiation followed by ABMT. RESULTS: Autologous bone marrow grafts, both immunologically and cytologically clean, were obtained and used in 19 of 23 children. The overall 4-year disease-free survival of the 19 grafted children was 53%, with a toxic death rate of 16% and a posttransplant relapse rate of 37%. According to the in vivo purging efficacy of the 18 children with initial marrow disease, the following three groups were formed: patients with (1) perfect in vivo purging (n = 5); (2) eventually successful in vivo purging (n = 8); and (3) unsuccesful in vivo purging (n = 5). The 4-year DFS was 100%, 67%, and 0%, respectively (P < 0.001). The five patients with unsuccessful in vivo purging failed because of resistant/progressive bulky disease. CONCLUSION: In patients with poor-risk NBL, in vivo purging of bone marrow by conventional chemotherapy is feasible, can be monitored, and the purging efficacy during the first 3 months after diagnosis is a strong prognostic factor reflecting tumor responsiveness to therapy. Autografting with immunologically clean, unpurged marrows gives a DFS well comparable to previous studies using ex vivo purging.

Adolescent↗