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Determination of extracellular space and intracellular electrolytes in rat liver in vivo.

1. Uptake of a number of isotopically labelled extracellular tracers by rat liver in vivo was studied.2. A residual intravascular space of 3.0-3.5% following exsanguination was measured by use of [(51)Cr]red cells. This space was significantly greater than that of skeletal muscle and was also greater in nephrectomized as compared to intact rats.3. [(131)I]albumin and polyvinylpyrolidine (PVP) were found to distribute initially in a space of 6-7% and this was followed by a delayed rise that was greater for PVP. The extravascular portion of this space is termed the large-molecule accessible space and is believed to correspond to the histological space of Disse.4. [(14)C]sucrose and inulin initially distribute in a space of 10-12% followed by a continued late increase. This initial space is termed the small molecule accessible space and is thought to include most of interstitial space.5. (36)Cl(-) and stable Na(+) and Cl(-) spaces were constant at 19-21% and can be used to put an upper limit on extracellular space.6. Operationally, the 1 hr inulin space in the nephrectomized rat was felt to be the best indicator of extracellular space.7. Total electrolytes were measured and intracellular values of 22, 165 and 22 m-mole/l. cell water for Na(+), K(+) and Cl(-), respectively, were calculated.8. By use of [(14)C]DMO, an intracellular pH of 7.25 and an intracellular HCO(3) (-) of 13 m-mole/l. cell water were calculated.

Albumins↗

Cytotoxic action of stimulated lymphocytes on allogenic and autologous erythrocytes.

Fowl erythrocytes are lysed when exposed to an excess of fowl blood lymphocytes in the presence of phytohemagglutinin. No significant cell damage is seen in the absence of phytohemagglutinin, or when the lymphocytes are replaced by malignant lymphoid cells, thymus cells, or nonlymphoid cells. The lymphocytes remain viable during the reaction. Differences in histocompatibility between lymphocytes and erythrocytes are not required. Autologous lymphocytes are cytotoxic to the same extent as allogenic lymphocytes over a wide range of experimental conditions.

Allergy and Immunology↗