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As a modification of the classical complement fixation test, a new test for immunodiagnosis in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was developed. When the assay was used for the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis in 149 CSF samples from patients and 1036 from controls, results showed 93% concordance with positives and 97% with negatives when compared with the results obtained by ELISA; in addition, it was positive in 12 of 16 cases of neurocysticercosis in which negative results had been obtained by ELISA. The new complement fixation test is particularly useful in CSF because of the immunological peculiarities of the subarachnoid space, where local synthesis of oligoclonal antibodies is induced by infectious agents. Reagents used for the assay are easy to produce and preserve, and the test is inexpensive, reliable and easy to perform. As this test detects the immunobiological consequence of the antigen-antibody reaction, it can be used in conjunction with other assays, such as ELISA, that measure the reaction directly, thus increasing the diagnostic possibilities. It may also be used where financial or technical limitations hinder access to other immunodiagnostic tests.
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Nigg, Clara (University of California, Berkeley), and Margaret M. Johnston. Complement fixation test in experimental clinical and subclinical melioidosis. J. Bacteriol. 82:159-168. 1961.-Soluble stable antigens prepared from Pseudomonas pseudomallei gave 4+ complement fixation reactions in a dilution of 1 to 8,000 when tested with specific rabbit antiserum diluted 1 to 10,000. The complement fixation reaction was positive in 100% of experimentally infected rabbits 9 to 11 days postinfection. Infected guinea pigs and monkeys showed similar results. Monkeys inoculated with very small infecting doses of P. pseudomallei developed positive complement fixation reactions in the absence of clinical manifestation of infection. An anamnestic complement-fixing antibody response could be induced in such monkeys, after the titer had dropped to approximately the preinfection level, by inoculating very small doses of viable P. pseudomallei or larger doses of killed melioidosis vaccine. The complement fixation test described appeared to be both sensitive and specific, and should be of value in human melioidosis which cannot be diagnosed on the basis of clinical manifestations alone. It is suggested that subclinical infections may play a role in the epidemiology of human meliodosis. The potential application of the complement fixation test to serological surveys in areas where melioidosis occurs endemically is discussed.
A micro-quantitative complement fixation (CF) procedure based on 51Cr release is described. The method employs 50% hemolysis as end point and the alternation equation to calculate the amount of complement involved in the hemolytic reaction. Compared to the conventional CF tests, the radiometric procedure described here is very precise and consistently reproducible. Also, since only 3 4-fold dilutions of sera are used for the titration of antibodies over a wide range of concentrations, the test is very concise and is economical to perform. Its format is amenable to automation and computerization. This radiometric CF procedure is thus most useful for large-scale immunological research and epidemiological surveillance studies.
The gonococcal complement fixation test (GCFT) was investigated with regard to its sensitivity and specificity by testing serum specimens from (a) female patients attending a VD out-patient clinic because of suspected gonorrhoea, (b) patients with a proven, uncomplicated, urogenital gonococcal, infection, (c) patients with disseminated gonococcal infection (DGI). Three different pools of gonococcal (GC) antigens were used which were comprised of GC strains from two different geographical areas. It was found that 39% of the females with culture-proven uncomplicated gonorrhoea had a positive GCFT whereas 10% of the females with negative GC cultures had a positive GCFT. The latter were found to have either a history of gonorrhoea or strong clinical suspicion of recent GC infection. One of the GC antigen pools gave a much lower diagnostic yield than the other two pools in the GCFTs with serum specimens from patients with uncomplicated gonorrhoea. However, no differences were found between the antigen pools in the tests with serum specimens from patients with DGI. These findings indicate the presence of various strain antigens participating in the immune response to complicated as well as uncomplicated GC infections. The results are presented in detail and discussed.
Sera from 452 patients and blood donors were tested for antibodies to Tryp-anosoma cruzi. The complement fixation test and a counterelectrophoresis test were used. The results showed that both tests agreed in 92% of the sera. However, the counterelectrophoresis test was not as sensitive as the complement fixation test.
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An immunodiffusion technique in agarose is described for assay of complement-fixing antibodies against the type-specific soluble antigen of influenza virus. Under the test conditions, positive human serum produced a definite unlysed zone around the well, and the annulus area showed a high correlation with the antibody level in a conventional complement fixation test with log2 serum titer. This paper also describes the use of this method as a diagnostic procedure for the assay of antibodies against soluble antigens of influenza A and B viruses in paired human sera collected from persons infected with the virus or who received ether-split vaccine. This method appears to more sensitive and gives more consistent results for serodiagnosis of infection cases than do the hemagglutination inhibition, neuraminidase inhibition, and complement fixation tests. Our results suggest that the single radial complement fixation test can provide a simple and reliable method for serodiagnosis of influenza virus infection.