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PubMed1974

Differential antibiotic excretion in unilateral structural pyelonephritis.

Differential antibiotic excretion studies in eight patients with unilateral structural pyelonephritis showed that in all instances there was impairment in antibiotic excretion on the affected side compared with the normal kidney. Both peak and mean urinary concentrations were decreased on the structurally abnormal side. The degree of defect in antibiotic concentration was proportional to the amount of unilateral medullary damage, as measured by differential renal function studies. While the antibiotic concentrations achieved had an inconsistent relationship to cure in three patients with proven unilateral infections, the striking decreases in urinary antibiotic levels may argue against oral penicillin-G treatment of unilateral pyelonephritis in which there is renal parenchymal damage.

Cephaloglycin↗
PubMed1984

Hydroxylamine inactivation of cephalosporins: nucleophilic attack on beta-lactam structures.

Cephalosporins are not degraded by hydroxylamine (NH2OH) in neutral and acidic solutions. Their reaction with NH2OH in slightly alkaline solutions leads to microbiological inactivation which seems to be a structure dependent phenomenon. In these experiments the mandelic acid-type compounds appear to be quite stable to the effect of NH2OH, whereas, cefazolin is gradually degraded and the straight chain-containing cephalosporins are variably inactivated. The phenylglycine-type oral cephalosporins were generally sensitive to the alkaline conditions used in these tests and apparently are not inactivated by NH2OH. On the contrary, the phenylglycine-type cephalosporins seem to be somewhat stabilized in the presence of NH2OH.

Ampicillin↗